Expert Opinion and Its Assessment Abstract Expert opinion is an important institute for professional evaluation of facts and is widely used in public and private law. This thesis primarily focuses on the examination of expert opinion as a means of proof from the point of view of civil procedural law. In civil procedure, an expert opinion often serves as a basis for issuing a court decision. For this reason, high requirements are placed not only on the persons of experts but on expert opinion itself as well. This thesis focuses on the judicial assessments of an expert opinion, i.e. the judicial evaluation of whether the expert opinion meets all the requirements that it should meet by law. Special emphasis is placed on the reviewability of the expert opinion, as it is a prerequisite for any evaluation. Furthermore, the criteria for judicial review of expert conclusions are determined and defined in this thesis. They include legality, relevance and truthfulness. The criterion of factual correctness is examined in more detail, as its application is the most conflicting within the academic circles. However, this work argues and concludes that the court should subject the expert opinion to a full assessment, including the review of factual correctness, otherwise a court decision could ultimately be a...

1 Development of Lien in Czech Countries Abstract The diploma thesis examines the development of lien in the Czech countries. The first part is focused on the theoretical description of the laws of lien from the point of view of today's legal theory. The theoretical description shall help the reader with better orientation and understanding of the basic principles of the lien, which developments are examined in the following parts. One of the main goals of the diploma thesis in the second part is to describe the development of lien, using the description method. The development of lien is described from its beginnings in Roman law which fundamentally shaped the next development of lien, through the Middle Ages, where the laws of lien were partly fragmented, until current legislation which mostly follows the Roman law heritage. In the second part of the diploma thesis, the main emphasis is placed on the development of lien after the year 1811, where are also considered the significant social and economic events in the history of the Czech countries, which visibly shaped the forms of lien. The obtained data are further used in the third part of the diploma thesis for the comparison of the three main Czech civil law codes, namely Act No. 946/1811 Coll., the General Civil Code, Act No. 40/1964 Coll., the Civil...

1 Law and Artificial Intelligence Abstract At present, the legal order of the Czech Republic is not directly concerned with artificial intelligence, even though the first technologies and systems based on it are already appearing. However, a number of soft law materials (strategies, plans and declarations) issued both by the Czech authorities and also within the European Union (especially by the European Commission) deal with artificial intelligence. Both Czech and EU materials are outlined in the thesis and are considered in further research. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the actual needs to deal with artificial intelligence from a legal point of view and whether the current legislation is sufficient and applicable to artificial intelligence systems. After the introductory part, the thesis gives an overview of the history of artificial intelligence and its development, tries to define the term of artificial intelligence and related terms (algorithm, machine learning, deep learning) and then examines whether artificial intelligence can be included under some legal concepts (categories) already existing (artificial intelligence as a computer program, thing, product, computer virus and more). Furthermore, the thesis discusses the development and research of artificial intelligence, including ethical...

Civil liability in healthcare Abstract The topic of this master thesis is civil liability in healthcare. The aim of the author of this master thesis was to provide an analysis of the existing legislation, while also discussing individual aspects of legal liability, lex artis and as well as the individual actus reus of the duty to provide compensation for damage. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the hierarchical division of relevant legal sources with a focus on the regulation concerning the term lex artis. In the area of international law, the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine is discussed, which can be considered as a basis for national regulation, namely the Health Services Act. In conclusion, a brief explanation of the Code of Ethics issued by the Czech Medical Chamber is provided. In the second chapter, the concept of civil liability and its influence on civil liability is explained first and then the author of this master thesis discusses the individual conceptual theories of civil liability. It specifically concerns civil liability as a threat of sanction, sanction conceptual theory, other concepts of legal liability and a current view on this issue. It is followed by individual conditions of liability and its functions. The third chapter deals with the terminological analysis of...

This Master thesis deals with the phenomenon of political movements and their impact on the rising party systems in the Central and Eastern Europe countries. Movements were found in the context of social and geopolitical changes in this region and they represented the original type of political organization that was different from other political parties of Western type. The first part contains an analysis of the general theory of political parties and movements and their role in the process of democratic consolidation and stabilization of party systems. Part of the first ration that categorizes political movements in the context of theories of party families and the chapter containing the characteristics of political movements and rising party systems of selected countries in the region. In the next section follows a study of selected texts of Czech political scientists concerning issues of political movement called Civic Forum (OF), which is used as a theoretical introduction to the chapter analyzing OF. Similar target implements the part examining the ideological roots of the movement and specific anti-political politics in the Czech political system. The second part describes the effect of Civic Forum in the first two stages of the Czech party system development. In this part there is an...

The thesis analyzes the issue of the influence of presence of natural resources on civil wars in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its purpose is to analyze in detail the possible consequences of natural resources on these conflicts in the area in question. The thesis comprises three main parts. The first theoretical part starts with the introduction of the main theoretical concepts (the "theory" of the curse of natural resources and the concept of a rentier state), which presume the existence of a causal relation between the occurrence of natural resources and negative, mainly development-related, consequences in countries that are dependent on them. Subsequently it described selected economic, social, and institutional undesirable phenomena associated with the presence of natural resources. Professional literature, for instance, often mentions the possible connection between primary commodities and civil wars. In this respect the initial part of the thesis is concluded with a presentation of theoretical explanations of the relation between these two variables. It presents expert views of natural resources as a possible cause of civil wars, potential source of finances, and a factor influencing the duration, the way of waging, and other features of civil wars. It also includes an analysis of the influence of...

This diploma thesis is analyzing civic associations that conduct a social enterprise in Prague. The aim of the paper is to discover, in which measure do the specific associations fulfill economical and social conditions according to the methodology EMES, which represents characteristics for an "optimal social enterprise". Firstly, the thesis examines the idea of the social economics and social entrepreneurship in the Czech Republic as well as in Europe. It focuses on the research network EMES of professor Jacques Defourny, and on the legal and economical activity of the civic associations. The methodological part of the paper analysis examples of the specific civic associations through the methodology EMES. For each association, economic and social conditions, based on methodic EMES, are examined through the document analysis method and semi-structured interviews. The output of this thesis are recommendations, that could improve the success rate of the Czech civic associations in an important manner. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Germany draws on a unique net of state-founded institutions operating in the adult civic education field established after the Second World War to promote democratic values in the society. These Agencies for Civic Education work at state and federal level and are non-partisan. This thesis seeks to grasp the phenomenon of universal adult civic education in Germany, while focusing on The Saxon State Agency for Civic Education; on how is it organized, and whether and how its activities proved beneficial in the context of the current socio-political situation. The first part will elaborate on historic, conceptual and institutional background of adult civic education in Germany. The second part, a case study, will focus on the current socio-political situation in Saxony, and the reaction of The Saxon State Agency for Civic Education to the challenges arising especially from the current migration crisis. The thesis will be based on the information from electronic and printed sources primarily in German; some of them provided by the Saxon State Agency. The complementary source will be an interview, which was conducted with two representatives of the Agency.

Thesis deals with the issues of financing and operation of non-profit organisations focusing on the most widespread form - i.e. on civic associations. The theoretical part of the thesis includes the definition of non-profit sector, civic associations, including the characteristics of their legislation. Practical part discuss the question of funding in the specific context of the civic association Elim, Christian society for evangelism and deaneries in Písek in the monitored years 2004 - 2008. There are examples of sources of funding the civic association Elim Písek, which is a subsidy from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, the Regional Office of South Bohemian Region and grants from European Union funds.

This diploma thesis examines the system of adult civic education in Germany and its specifics in the new federal states. At first, the author introduces the concept of adult civic education (from the German term politische Bildung), describes the evolution of civic education over time and explains what the goals of modern civic education are and how these differ to indoctrination or propaganda. Later this paper focuses directly on the Federal Republic of Germany, starting by explaining the unique historic experience behind German civic education and its development over time. The author then defines the up-to-date face of affairs, while particularly focusing on the public organisations which represent the universal concept of civic education: the Federal Agency for Civic Education and the State Agencies. An overview of the recent threats and challenges to civic education follows. The next part of this thesis focuses on the new federal states. It outlines the basic context of the former German Democratic Republic, then it studies, how civic education reacted after the reunification of 1990 on the organisational level and in terms of the goals, contents and forms. LANDA, Martin. Občanské vzdělávání dospělých v Německu a jeho specifika v nových spolkových zemích. Praha, 2016. 73 s. Diplomová práce...