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The display of the male body has recently become a common phenomenon in Western culture. The objectification of men is a new theoretical concept that originates from the more familiar concept of the perceived objectification, observation and evaluation of the female body (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). McKinley (as cited in Soban, 2006) terms this concept Objectified Body Consciousness (OBC). Past studies confirm that the concept of OBC may also be successfully applied to males (Grieve & Helmick, 2008; Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004), especially in relation to current cultural expectations for the male body (Grieve & Helmick, 2008; Soban, 2006). At an extreme level internalisation of the mesomorphic body shape as body ideal may lead to a Drive for Muscularity (DM; Grieve, 2007). Grieve and Helmick (2008) indicate that males who score high on objectification measures show higher incidences of DM. According to the socio–environmental theories of Grieve (2007) and McCabe and Ricciardelli (2004) males experience significant social pressures to achieve the muscular ideal. There is a scarcity of literature concerning body–image concerns and the muscular ideal within the South African male undergraduate population. This research was therefore exploratory in nature and aimed to determine whether undergraduate men with high levels of OBC differ significantly in DM from undergraduate men with low levels of OBC. In addition, the study investigated the existence of a correlation between OBC and DM and whether undergraduate men differ in DM in accordance with exposure to certain socio–environmental factors. The quantitative study employed a survey design (Mouton, 2001) and used the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyde, 1996) and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS; McCreary & Sasse, 2000). A convenience sample of 278 undergraduate males (mean age = 19 years) was selected based on availability and readiness to partake in the study (Field, 2005). Participants were all males aged between 18 and 20 and residing on the North–West University Potchefstroom Campus. Results indicate that undergraduate men with either elevated or low levels of OBC do not differ in terms of their DM. No correlation exists between OBC and DM. A group of undergraduate men who read fitness and health–related magazines, participate in sport, exercise regularly and have used steroids and supplements in the past year was identified. This group presented with high incidences of Muscle Development Behaviour suggesting that they may be at risk of internalising an attitude of increasing muscularity that may result in DM. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The display of the male body has recently become a common phenomenon in Western culture. The objectification of men is a new theoretical concept that originates from the more familiar concept of the perceived objectification, observation and evaluation of the female body (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). McKinley (as cited in Soban, 2006) terms this concept Objectified Body Consciousness (OBC). Past studies confirm that the concept of OBC may also be successfully applied to males (Grieve & Helmick, 2008; Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004), especially in relation to current cultural expectations for the male body (Grieve & Helmick, 2008; Soban, 2006). At an extreme level internalisation of the mesomorphic body shape as body ideal may lead to a Drive for Muscularity (DM; Grieve, 2007). Grieve and Helmick (2008) indicate that males who score high on objectification measures show higher incidences of DM. According to the socio–environmental theories of Grieve (2007) and McCabe and Ricciardelli (2004) males experience significant social pressures to achieve the muscular ideal. There is a scarcity of literature concerning body–image concerns and the muscular ideal within the South African male undergraduate population. This research was therefore exploratory in nature and aimed to determine whether undergraduate men with high levels of OBC differ significantly in DM from undergraduate men with low levels of OBC. In addition, the study investigated the existence of a correlation between OBC and DM and whether undergraduate men differ in DM in accordance with exposure to certain socio–environmental factors. The quantitative study employed a survey design (Mouton, 2001) and used the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyde, 1996) and the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS; McCreary & Sasse, 2000). A convenience sample of 278 undergraduate males (mean age = 19 years) was selected based on availability and readiness to partake in the study (Field, 2005). Participants were all males aged between 18 and 20 and residing on the North–West University Potchefstroom Campus. Results indicate that undergraduate men with either elevated or low levels of OBC do not differ in terms of their DM. No correlation exists between OBC and DM. A group of undergraduate men who read fitness and health–related magazines, participate in sport, exercise regularly and have used steroids and supplements in the past year was identified. This group presented with high incidences of Muscle Development Behaviour suggesting that they may be at risk of internalising an attitude of increasing muscularity that may result in DM. / Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study has been undertaken to analyse the potential of sport as cultural capital in the South African Police Service. There is a need to determine the role of sport in the SAPS and its realisation as a cultural capital and to also find out why the SAPS does not fully realise sport as Cultural Capital. The study offers an understanding of aspects of law enforcement agency sport, cultural and social capital, social cohesion, the social role of sport, sport governance, political power and struggle and sport policy in the SAPS. A review of relevant literature dealing with sport in the law enforcement agencies, cultural and social capital and sport policy was carried out. The sources to gather information embody: books, magazines, articles, newspapers, Government media reports, journals and information from the internet. Single stage sampling procedure was used as the researcher has access to names in the population and can sample the people or other elements directly (Creswell, 2009). A schedule of questions served as the main data collection tool, and it was piloted on ten per cent of the members of the population who did not serve in the final sample of respondents. This exercise assisted in validating the questions. The qualitative study was done with face-to-face semi-structured interviews to get the views of SAPS sport participants relating to SAPS sport. The questions schedule was used to conduct face-to-face interviews to collect data analysed using Atlas ti. SAPS sport contributes towards the accrual of cultural capital within the South African Police Service, but with an exception of language culture, embodied cultural capital and objectified cultural capital. The study concludes that workplace sport has a positive influence on employees' performance and it contributes significantly towards the high level of employees' commitment to the organisation. Police officers should be given opportunities to be involved in sport and recreation activities within the working environment. SAPS should ensure that proper resources are provided and are made easily accessible to enable employees to participate in sport regardless of rank. All police personnel should be exposed to opportunities that are there because of participation in sport in the work environment. SAPS top management should give full support to all members who are interested in participating in sport because of the benefits that are accrued when taking part in sport. Proper sport structures should be put in place at all levels of SAPS sphere of operations so that there should not be communication breakdown in relation to sport issues. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / DPhil / Unrestricted

Pastaruoju metu labai susidomėta valgymo sutrikimais (nervine anoreksija ir nervine bulimija), kadangi jų atvejų nuolat daugėja. Šiame darbe daugiausia dėmesio skiriama besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų, individualiems valgymo sutrikimų rizikos veiksniams. Pastebėta, kad moterys yra nepatenkintos savo kūnu, neobjektyviai vertina savo kūno masę, nepagrįstai laikosi dietos, manipuliuoja maistu, badauja. Moterys sportuoja pirmiausia norėdamos pagerinti savo kūno įvaizdį, o tik paskui dėl sveikatos, fizinio pajėgumo, nuotaikos ar socializacijos motyvų. Visi šie išvardinti veiksniai prisideda prie padažnėjusių moterų valgymo sutrikimų atvejų. Mažai atlikta tyrimų, kuriuose būtų analizuojamas besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų valgymo sutrikimų rizikos veiksniai. Tikslas – nustatyti besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų valgymo sutrikimų riziką prognozuojančius veiksnius. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų valgymo sutrikimų riziką, kūno vaizdą ir kūno suvokimą. 2. Išsiaiškinti ryšius tarp valgymo sutrikimų rizikos, kūno vaizdo, kūno suvokimo besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų grupėse. 3. Nustatyti veiksnius pagal kuriuos galima labiausiai prognozuoti valgymo sutrikimų riziką besimankštinančių ir nesimankštinančių moterų grupėse. 4. Išsiaiškinti besimankštinančių moterų motyvaciją ir jos sąsajas su valgymo sutrikimų riziką. Hipotezės: 1. Besimankštinančių moterų valgymo sutrikimų rizika... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Recently, there has been a great interest in eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), since the number of these cases is constantly increasing. In the paper the major focus is on individual risk factors for eating disorders of women taking or not taking exercise. It was observed that women are discontented with their body, make unobjective evaluations about their weight, unreasonably follow a diet, manipulate food and starve. Women, first of all, do sport to improve their body image and only later for better health, physical ability, mood or the motives of socialization. All the mentioned factors contribute to the increase of the cases of women eating disorders. There are not many researches made concerning the analysis on the risk factors for eating disorders of women taking or not taking exercise. The aim of the paper is to identify the risk factors for eating disorders of women taking or not taking exercise. The tasks of the paper are as follows: 1. To identify and compare the risk for eating disorders, the view of the body and body perception of the group of women taking or not taking exercise. 2. To find out relationship of the risk for eating disorders, the view of the body and body perception of women taking or not taking exercise. 3. To determine factors that would make possible to predict the risks for eating disorders of women taking or not taking exercise. 4. To find out the motivation and its connections related to the risk for eating disorders... [to full text]

TITLE: Teacher's conception of the pupil SUMMARY: This diploma thesis deals with the relationship between the objectified conception of a pupil and the teacher's subjective conception of a pupil. The first chapter introduces teacher's conception of a successful pupil and especially different success criteria varying on the base of different personality of the teacher. The thesis also describes the aspects of pedagogic interaction affecting school success of pupils. The second chapter describes the basic educative styles reflecting the teacher's conception of a pupil. The intention of the practical part of the thesis is to confirm or disprove the influence of the objectified conception of a pupil. To reveal the relations between phenomena, the qualitative research has been used as well as the case studies from the schools, which are consistent in a pupil conception. The contribution of the work can be found in the analysis of the teacher's conception of a pupil and in the interpretation of results of the research. These results indicate, that the subjective conception of teachers acting according to the modern pedagogy findings is not being updated by the objectified school conception, because it was in accordance with when the teacher started an employment. KEYWORDS: The subjective conception of a pupil,...

This thesis contains business valuation of company CHEMOSVIT ENVIRONCHEM, a.s. based on income approach. The first part discusses theoretical concepts and methods of valuation. The second part includes strategic, financial and SWOT analysis, financial plan and income based discounted cash flow valuation. In conclusion, the valuation statement as at 31.4.2011 is reported.

The overall aim of this dissertation is to discuss the scope as well as the limits of sociological theory. This project is undertaken with the help of Søren Kierkegaard and his unique interpretation of human existence. Taking as its point of departure the existential reality of the single individual (den Enkelte), this study also addresses the fundamental question posed by Georg Simmel, “How is society possible?” It is argued that an answer to this question needs to take into account the existential concepts of choice, authenticity, subjectivity, anxiety, faith, and responsibility.  The strategy – and the implicit method – of this study is to start out from the single individual and gradually move towards society, culture and history. After addressing some theories of everyday life, such as social phenomenology and dramaturgical theory, the investigation moves on to the central sociological problem of how to construct a synthetic theory of the relation between man and society. The final theory to be discussed is the social theory of Jean-Paul Sartre, which can be seen as a reformulation and modification of the Kierkegaardian perspective, now set in dialectical relation to society and history. The main argument of the thesis is that the message that can be found in Kierkegaard’s writings represents both a reminder and a challenge to every sociological project which seeks to achieve a synthesis between individual existence and social reality. Sociological theories can neither account for the existence of the single individual in an exhaustive manner, nor fully integrate this existence into some social system. It is impossible to reduce the existence of individuals to some socially and culturally given lifeworld, because authentic faith and infinite passion constitute an inner experience that is largely hidden from the sociologist observer. A sociological incompleteness theorem is proposed, which states that sociological theories are simply incapable of dealing with certain aspects of human existence. These aspects are, from an ontological point of view, unsettled and not social in nature. This theorem can also be expressed so that there exists a blind spot in every sociological theory that tries to account systematically for the single individual. By focussing attention on the existential tension between choice and inner experience, the sociologist can however push the limits for what can be accomplished with the help of sociological theory.

This diploma thesis deals with estimation of objectified value of the DOMESTAV s. r. o. at 1. 1. 2016. This work has two parts. The first part describes theoretical principles. Second part includes strategic analysis, forecast of the value drivers and financial plan. The valuation of DOMESTAV s. r. o. is based on income – based valuation method, discounted CASH FLOW. Determinination of value is made for needs of splitting the company.

Způsoby stanovení hodnoty společnosti především za účelem bankovního financování jsou hlavním tématem této diplomové práce. Problematika oceňování společnosti je popsána jak z teoretické stránky věci, stejně jako z metodologické stránky věci. Práce popisuje specifika ocenění v závislosti na oboru podnikání a snaží se nalézt optimální řešení k úspěšnému úvěrovému řízení.