By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the present study aims to investigate what strategies may be used in the translation of a text on football from English to Swedish, with focus on terminology and the metaphor FOOTBALL IS WAR. Special attention is paid to the trait of football language as a special language. Dictionaries and parallel texts, as well as different sources on football language and translation theory, such as Bergh & Ohlander (2012), Levin (2008) and Newmark (1988) were consulted in the translation and the subsequent analysis. As expected, the results show that borrowing is a very common strategy in the translation of football terminology. The loanwords were categorised as either direct (letter-for-letter or adjusted) or indirect (with the same or reversed order of inherent elements), and the most common kind was indirect loans (calques) with retained order of elements. Moreover, some terminology had to be translated by means of Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1958) equivalence. With regard to terms based on the FOOTBALL IS WAR metaphor, many could be reproduced in the target text, while others were changed to another image, and yet others reduced to literal language, after careful consideration of their frequency and appropriateness in Swedish football language. One of the major conclusions drawn from the present study is that some knowledge about the topic of the source text, as well as extensive and proper use of parallel texts is necessary, considering the distinctiveness of football language as opposed to general language.

This thesis deals with design of a suitable approach for managing the supply of spare parts for machines approaching decommissioning. The appropriate balance between outstanding risks related to equipment downtime and costs of holding spare parts is predicted by proposed systematic algorithm. Determination of key parameters affecting the whole process of spare parts inventory management and their subsequent use as a basis for Event Tree Analysis lead to finding an optimum set-up, which mitigates the overall impact of the planned reduction in spare parts storage levels. The new approach has a number of advantages including versatility of application for many types of machines, as well as a different outlook on a solution for the current issue in spare parts management.

This thesis project addresses the obsolescence of technology through the lens of accessibility to public services. It explores the processes by which electronic devices age in regards to a technological normativity that marginalizes owners of obsolete devices. My research focuses on two main questions: How might we enable owners of non-smart phones to have access to public services that have been digitalized? How might we design public services’ infrastructure in a way that challenges the obsoletion processes of technological devices?  The research is based upon a critical analysis of the term ‘obsolescence’, low-tech approaches and studies that examine the accessibility of technology. This work is based on the study of the digitalization of public services in Sweden, with specific attention to public transportation and to the electronic identification technology which enables access to various essential public services. I present the exploration of these services through the lens of obsolescence and encounter with users of obsolete devices. This leads to the design of two prototypes that propose ways of integrating obsolete devices’ users in the existing digitalized Swedish infrastructures, followed by their analysis. The designs seek to take a critical stand on technological progress as it is understood in the technology industry and propose ways of reimagining the digitalization of public services while taking into account the obsoletion processes they foster. Overall, I argue for design for obsolete devices as a way of caring for groups that are put aside during technological innovation processes. I propose ways of ‘circuit bending’ public services’ infrastructures in a way that is more hospitable to obsolete devices.

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En Afrique, la contamination des zones humides par les métaux et les pesticides va se poursuivre durablement. Pour autant, le statut toxicologique de ces milieux reste trop peu documente. Le but du présent travail est d’estimer la valeur du varan du Nil (Varanus niloticus) en tant qu’espèce sentinelle pour la contamination des zones humides continentales d’Afrique sub-Saharienne. Plomb, cadmium, et pesticides organochlorés et organophosphorés ont été quantifies, par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique et chromatographie gazeuse (respectivement), dans plusieurs tissus provenant de 71 spécimens issus de quatre sites (au Mali et au Niger) juges a priori inégalement contamines. Bien que des différences claires apparaissent, la contamination environnementale s’avère modérée sur les quatre sites, et ne semble pas constituer un risque notable pour les varans ni pour les humains qui s’en nourrissent occasionnellement. Toutefois la variabilité interindividuelle est importante. Les organotropismes des polluants détectés sont cohérents avec ceux préalablement décrits. Si l’on n’a pu mettre en évidence de différence liée au sexe en ce qui concerne les pesticides, les femelles présentaient des charges en métaux supérieures. La relation entre d’autres facteurs (taille, proportion de graisse) et les concentrations tissulaires a également été considérée. Les varans sont susceptibles de révéler des différences subtiles de contamination environnementale entre sites, et la résolution spatiale de l’outil semble très fine. La possibilité pratique d’utiliser cet indicateur se trouve donc validée. Un travail expérimental sur des varans captifs a par ailleurs été mené pour approfondir l’étude / In Africa, metal and pesticide contamination of wetlands is supposed to continue on a permanent basis. However, the ecotoxicological status of these ecosystems remains poorly documented. The aim of the present work is to assess the value of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) as a sentinel species for the environmental contamination of continental wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa. Lead and cadmium on the one hand, and organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides on the other, have been quantified in several tissues by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, respectively. Samples come from 71 specimens originating from four sites considered unequally contaminated (in Mali and Niger). Although clear differences appear between sites, the environmental contamination turns out to be moderate at the four sites, and does not seem to represent a significant risk neither for the monitors themselves, nor for occasional human consumers. However, the interindividual variability is important. The organotropisms relative to the detected pollutants are consistent with those described in previous studies. Concerning the pesticides, no gender effect has been found, whereas females were more contaminated by metals. The relation between other factors (size, proportion of fat) and tissue concentrations has been considered too. Nile monitors can reveal subtle differences in local pollution and the spatial resolution of this tool seems to be very sharp. Its practical relevance is thus validated. Additionally, an experimental work has been carried out on captive monitors to go into the subject in greater depth

In this work we deal with the position of obsolescent words, obsolete words and historicisms in the teaching of the Czech language and literature at the lower level of a one-year grammar school. We focus on layers of vocabulary, especially on the layer of time-tagged words, we explain the terms obsolescent word, obsolete word, archaism and historicisms in the theoretical part. We also focus on the reading comprehension process. We describe the ways in which readers deduce the meaning of unknown words. We analyse the system of curricular documents, textbooks and readers used at the lower grades of eight-year grammar school by the method of detailed reading in the practical part. Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, we also analyse the knowledge of pupils, their attitude to these words and the influence of the occurrence of these words on their reading and understanding.

E-waste is a world-wide, interregional, and domestic problem. E-waste management is a challenging task not only due to its speedily increasing volume but more outstandingly because of its hazardous nature. This study examined the e-waste management and disposal methods in the city of Addis Ababa to propose appropriate e-waste management model. Further, it attempted to comprehend the existing policy gap by identifying the different obstructions to the adoption of e-waste management policy. To this end, the study employs both descriptive and explanatory research designs. It selected 100 household heads from Bole and NSL sub-cities, 72 GSD personnel from the educational institutions and governmental sector offices, and 6 higher government officials. The quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS 21. Thus, the frequencies, the chi-square tests, t-tests, a one-way ANOVA, the partial and product-moment correlations, the ordinal, multiple and Poisson regression models were computed. The qualitative data were analysed using ATLAS ti 7. The findings of the study revealed that most of the respondents were not aware of e-waste and its management. The households generated about 4,010 number of non-functional, 2,077 obsolete, and 1,856 broken e-waste. Besides, the educational institutions and governmental sector offices generated about 11,153 non-functional, 15,911 obsolete, and 11,360 broken e-waste. The monthly income was statistically significant in the e-waste management whereas family sizes, gender, and educational qualifications were insignificant. The major e-waste causes encompass rapid obsolescence rate, breakage, and the demands for extra and innovative models or designs of electronic gadgets. The most common e-waste disposal method was storing. The recycling, reusing, donation, and refurbishing of e-waste had hardly been practiced. The study found the absence of good disposal methods and recyclers as the root causes for the prolonged storage and improper disposal of e-waste. E-waste laws, legislation, projects, activities, and recycling centres were non-existent. What is more, the administrative, economic, and socio-cultural challenges triggered the poor e-waste management of the city. Based on the findings, the study proposed a workable e-waste management model, which would most likely result in efficient and sustainable e-waste management in the city. Further, it calls for the stakeholders to work jointly to ensure proper e-waste management. / Geography / D. Lit. et Phil. (Geography)

No description available.