abstract: More than 450,000 people work in public and private correctional institutions in the United States, collectively supervising over 2.2 million jail and prison inmates. The nature of correctional officers' work exposes them to numerous stressors which can have harmful effects on their health and their job performance. Several studies have examined the significance of environmental factors on work outcomes among prison staff. Less attention has been paid to external stressors such as negative images of correctional officers held by the community and correctional officers' perception of their own occupational prestige. This is an important omission considering the negative stereotypes associated with correctional officers and the tendency for media and entertainment outlets to perpetuate these stereotypes. The aim of this dissertation is to examine how perceived occupational prestige among correctional officers influences job stress. Specifically, the perceived occupational prestige associated with family and friends, the general public, and the media are assessed. To do so, the study employs multivariate analyses of data from a survey of 641 correctional officers employed in one Western prison system to examine the impact of perceived occupational prestige on an attitudinal and health measure of job stress. First, correctional officers believe that friends and family hold the most positive opinions about their profession, while the media has the most negative. Second, perceived occupational prestige among correctional officers does not appear to be a significant stressor, except for perceived occupational prestige associated with the media when predicting health job stress. Finally, when possible mediating variables are assessed for officers that had tenure longer than nine years perceived occupational prestige associated with the media has a significant effect on attitudinal and health job stress. In addition, for officers who identified themselves as non-White perceived occupational prestige associated with family and friends is a significant predictor of attitudinal job stress and perceived occupational prestige associated with the general public is a significant predictor of health job stress. This study concludes with a summary of these findings as well as its key limitations, and offers insight into potential policy implications and avenues of future research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

This thesis is a qualitative study of Chinese professionals in Vancouver. Thirteen respondents were subjected to unstructured in-depth interviews guided by a questionaire schedule which seek to explore the respondents' experience of their ethnicity in their work environment and outside of it. The data gathered was interpreted in terms of status inconsistency theory. Status inconsistency theory looks at the locations of individuals in a set of status hierarchies, the relationship between these locations and its consequences. Objectively, Chinese ethnic status is inconsistent with professional status since the former is negatively evaluated in relation to most White ethnic groups while professional status is positively evaluated in relation to most other occupational statuses. The main body of the thesis deals with status inconsistency as it is translated into the subjective experiences of Chinese professionals. Ethnic status is inconsistent with professional status when it deprives Chinese professionals of the prestige available to professionals of positively evaluated ethnic groups; when Chinese professionals are treated according to their lower ethnic status rather than their higher professional status» and when Chinese professionals experience special difficulties in their work environment as a result of their ethnic status — such as difficulties in getting promotions and difficulties in communicating with superiors and colleagues. This thesis found that Chinese professionals respond to status inconsistency in various ways. The participation of Chinese professionals in ethnic organisations is particularly striking. This active involvement with one's own ethnic group appear to contradict another tendency of the respondents: the tendency to negatively evaluate their own ethnic group. In terms of status inconsistency theory, involvement in ethnic organisations dissolves the connection between professional status and ethnic status since within the ethnic group, ethnic status rankings does not apply. Occupational status is the more relevant criterion of rank within one's own ethnic group. Thus,Chinese professionals within their own ethnic group are regarded only in terms of their high professional status and thus enjoy high prestige. Negative evaluation of one's own ethnic group is, on the other hand, a confirmation of ethnic group rankings with an attempt to dissociate oneself from one's own negatively evaluated ethnic group by adopting the role of an outsider. This thesis is exploratory in nature. It aimed to find common problems and common responses. Its findings may be useful in generating hypotheses for future research. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Measuring long-term effects of education has been an obvious concern for both educators and researchers. There has been a considerable body of research on effects of education on cognitive skills, prestige of occupation, self-concept, and locus of control. However, there are some limitations to previous studies, either because of short-term perspectives or because of lack of controls for earlier measures of intelligence, self-concept, or locus of control. This study served to estimate models of the enduring effects of education on cognitive skills and its subsequent effect on prestige of occupation. In addition, the study estimated models of long-term effects of education on affective behaviors of self-concept and locus of control. Since this was a longitudinal study, it was able to examine enduring effects of education. It had the additional strength of controlling for earlier measures of intelligence, self-concept, and locus of control. This study showed that the long-term enduring effect of education on occupational achievement was substantial. In addition, education increased cognitive skills. However, with a longer-term perspective including a prior measure of aptitude, the effect was much less than those reported in previous studies. As far as affective behaviors of self-concept and locus of control were concerned, the enduring effects of education were nearly nonexistent. / Ph. D.

蔡囯萱. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 77-79. / 中英文摘要. / Cai Guoxuan. / 序言 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一章 --- 改革与国家行政权力分散化 ´ؤ´ؤ现阶段分层秩序变化的社会经济背景 --- p.10 / Chapter 第一节 --- 制度的变迁 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二节 --- 社会的分化 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三节 --- 国家主导市场的社会 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二章 --- 理论的回顾与研究的主题 / Chapter 第一节 --- 权力：社会主义社会分层的核心 --- p.29 / Chapter 第二节 --- 社会主义改革：权力支配类型分解 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三节 --- 过渡时期的分层秩序 --- p.37 / Chapter 第三章 --- 职业框架内的地位评价 / Chapter 第一节 --- 职业参数的选择 --- p.43 / Chapter 第二节 --- 职业的地位等级 --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 行业框架内的地位评价 / Chapter 第一节 --- 行业参数的选择 --- p.61 / Chapter 第二节 --- 行业的地位等级 --- p.64 / Chapter 第五章 --- 结束语 --- p.74 / Chapter 附： --- 参考文献 / 问卷 / 鸣谢

By operationalizing Gordon's definition of structural assimilation, I examine occupational prestige, income, and educational attainment across four immigrant groups: 1.5 generation, 2nd generation, 3rd generation, and 4th generation. Additionally, I analyze the effect of religious affiliation, frequency of attendance, religious conversion, context of reception, and selective acculturation on each of the three measures of structural assimilation. Ethnic origin, gender, and age are implemented as control variables. Results provide evidence that religion does affect measures of structural assimilation. While impacts on occupational prestige and income seem minimal to non-existent, the effect of religion on educational attainment is more substantial. Religion indirectly affects occupational prestige and income outcomes due to their strong relationship to educational attainment.

The gender wage gap is accounted for to a substantial degree by the sex composition of occupations. The present thesis examines the mechanisms that produce this pattern. In particular, the theory of devaluation, currently the most widely accepted sociological explanation, is tested. The empirical findings, reported in three self-contained essays, question this line of explanation. All results are based on Swedish data: the Level of Living surveys (LNU; essays I and II) and administrative labour market registers (essay III). In Essay I the association between occupational prestige and occupational sex composition is examined. The association is non-linear, with gender mixed occupations having the highest prestige. Further, care work does not have lower prestige than other kinds of work. These results are inconsistent with expectations derived from devaluation theory. The analysis also shows that the wage returns to occupational prestige are lower for women than for men. Essay II examines why women receive relatively low returns to prestige. Family related factors are shown to be crucial. The gender difference in pay-off to prestige is thus marked among married/cohabiting employees with children but insignificant among singles as well as among childless married/cohabiting women and men. The gender wage gap in high-prestige occupations is largely due to differences between women and men in work characteristics difficult to reconcile with family duties. In essay III the functional form of the relation between wages and occupational sex composition is investigated. In the cross-section gender mixed occupations have the highest wages. Panel data tend to confirm this pattern: mobility from strongly male or female dominated occupations to more gender mixed occupations is associated with relatively high rates of wage growth. Further, there is a wage premium for care work but a wage penalty for other service work. These findings do not support devaluation theory. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. 3: Accepted.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1996. / Title from title page screen, viewed May 30, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Edward R. Hines, James C. Palmer (co-chairs), Paul J. Baker, Thomas Campbell. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-190) and abstract. Also available in print.

Are elementary public school teachers who have been upwardly mobile occupationally more helpful, as measured by Anderson-Brewer "Dominative-Socially Integrative" observation scheme, to children of lower and upper occupational status families than teachers who have not engaged in upward occupational mobility?

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Occupational prestige has a long history of sociological investigation in terms of the overall rankings assigned to a wide variety of occupations. However, few studies have examined intraoccupational differences in prestige or how individuals rate the prestige of their own profession. Utilizing a national sample of podiatrists, an integrated model is proposed to determine what factors are involved in the rating of one's profession. Multiple regression models were estimated to determine the most important predictors of podiatrists' self-evaluations and prestige interpretations of their profession. Among 12 demographic, job-related, and attitudinal measures, it was found that the perceived evaluations of others explains the most variance in podiatrists' self-evaluations of their profession. Due to the nature of the integrated theoretical model proposed, separate multiple regression models were estimated for novice and established podiatrists. Contrary to the expectation, there was no difference in the predictors of novice and established podiatrists' ratings of their profession. Implications of these findings are considered along with suggestions for further research in this area of occupational sociology. / M.S.