This research aimed to put forth changes and continuities in the formation of the official history and its dissemination through education, with particular emphasis to history courses in high schools during the Early Republican Era with reference to the ministerial decisions, parliamentary discussions, history textbooks and also history and educational congresses held during Atat&uuml / rk and In&ouml / n&uuml / eras. 1930s for the Turkish Republic was a time span when the core principles of the regime were formulized to ensure that they were publicly comprehended and posesed. Correspondingly, formal and informal educational institutions were established for the dissemination of these principles, i. e. official ideology. Among them, Turkish History Association played an important role in formulation of official history which was one of the major means to install Turkish identity and a collective memory to the nation. In this respect, history courses and especially textbooks served instilling Republican understanding of history. The presidency of Ismet In&ouml / n&uuml / were the years when the regime was consolidated and intoleration to the opposing views was decreased. This also affected the official perception of history, by dissolving the clear break from the recent past and reconciling it with the modernization process of Ottoman-Turkish history while paying attention to the ccontinuities.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Milton Valente / A colonização alemã na Serra dos Tapes, iniciada em 1858, a partir da sociedade entre Jacob Rheingantz e José Antônio de Oliveira Guimarães, não ocorreu de forma pacífica, patriarcal e paradisíaca. Esta premissa opõe-se ao posicionamento laudatório e pouco crítico da história oficial de São Lourenço do Sul sobre a colonização na região, especialmente no que tange à representação sobre Jacob Rheingantz. Através da recuperação de memórias não-oficiais e de documentos esquecidos, a dissertação traz à tona fatos que foram apagados da história, para que um herói fosse criado. A importância do homem, respaldado por escritores e pelo poder estabelecido local, através de diversas homenagens, transformaram Rheingantz em um modelo formador de condutas. Percebe-se no esquecimento proposital e no enaltecimento incondicional, uma intenção de manipulação do presente e de manutenção do status quo. A população, bombardeada por uma série de informações que atestam a grandiosidade do mito - seja nas escolas, nos livros ou nas / The German colonization in the Mountain Chain of Tapes, which began in 1858, from the society between Jacob Rheingantz and José Antônio de Oliveira Guimarães, did not occur in a pacific, patriarchal and ideal way. This premise goes against the little critic report of the official History of São Lourenço do Sul on the colonization of the region, especially regarding the representation about Jacob Rheingantz. Through the recovery of non-official memories as well as documents that have been forgotten, this dissertation brings to light facts erased from History, in order for a hero to be created. The importance of the citizen, supported by writers and the established local power through a lot of homage have made Rheingantz into a behavior-maker model. It is possible to observe, both through the on purpose forgetfulness and unconditional honoring, an intention of manipulation of the present and maintenance of the status quo. The population, influenced by a lot of information which testify the importance of the myt

L’objet du présent travail doctoral porte sur la relation intertextuelle sous-jacente aux récits de l’écrivain colombien, Juan Gabriel Vásquez, qui s’informe et enquête sur l’histoire de son pays pour remonter le passé et, par-là, proposer de nouvelles lectures de l’histoire officielle, de ses incertitudes et de la révélation de secrets sur quelques-uns des faits qui ont marqué les avancées et les reculs de la Colombie. En conséquence, cette recherche étudie et analyse cette relation à partir de la transtextualité, catégorie théorique exposée par Gérard Genette, afin de raisonner en profondeur sur les idéologies représentées dans les nouvelles « officielles » de cet auteur et sur l’affleurement de la mémoire historique, ainsi que sur d’autres récits autour desquels émergent des expériences propres et d’autrui, et même des éléments inattendus, susceptibles d’enclencher de nouvelles recherches. Juan Gabriel Vásquez ourdit ses romans à partir d’un amalgame d’idéologies comme la politique, la violence, l’histoire officielle, le legs culturel et l’histoire littéraire de la Colombie, ce avec quoi il recrée un devenir significatif et identitaire de l’histoire de la Colombie, contribuant ainsi à la construction scénique du pays, fragmentée et décomposée en plusieurs périodes de développement par l’application de fausses idées de croissance et de pacification qui n’ont jamais eu lieu. La recherche fournit un apport aux études littéraires de la Nation et sur l’écrivain colombien qui, peu à peu, est reconnu dans le domaine littéraire international. / The focus of this this doctoral work is to study the intertextual relationship, in the narrative of the Colombian writer, Juan Gabriel Vásquez. In his narrative he explores and researches about the history of his country in order to inquire on the past and with it. He proposes new readings in relation to the official history, its uncertainties and the unveiling of secrets about some facts that defined the progress or regression of Colombia. Therefore, this research studies and analyzes this relationship from the transtextuality theory exposed by Gerard Genette to reflect deeply on the ideologies represented in the "official" novels of this author, and the appearance of historical memory. As well as other types of narratives in which, own and others experiences appear, bringing unexpected elements to explore new studies. Juan Gabriel Vásquez weaves his novels from a combination of ideologies as politics, violence, the official history, and the cultural legacy, and the literary history of Colombia. He recreates meaningful events about Colombian history, supporting the scenic construction of the country, fragmented and separated into several periods of its development by the application of false ideas of growth and pacification, which have not occurred.The research contributes to the literary studies of the nation as well as to the Colombian writer, who is recognized in the literary international area little by little.

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