Perceptual-cognitive skills are important characteristics for sport participants, which have been shown to contribute to the expert advantage (Abernethy, Baker & Côté, 2005; Mann, Williams, Ward, & Janelle, 2004; McPherson, 2000). One such skill is visual attention, which is beneficial for athletes, but less commonly researched for sport officials. For this dissertation, three data collection procedures assisted in examining the visual behaviors of elite, intermediate and novice ice hockey referees. In phase one, 2 elite, 2 intermediate, and 2 novice referees wore helmet cameras for one game and subsequently participated in stimulated recall interviews to address visual behaviors that occurred during that game. The four resultant themes that emerged were: Divided Attention, Selective Attention, Positioning and Context, and Influences of Visual Attention. Within each of these major themes there were several similarities and differences amongst the referees. In phase two, 2 elite, 2 intermediate, and 2 novice focus groups watched one elite and one intermediate helmet camera videotape and discussed what they thought the referee was attending to and where they would direct their visual attention. The focus group transcripts were deductively coded to search for potential differences between the elite and intermediate referees based on the themes identified in phase one. It was evident that the elite referee was superior to the intermediate in several areas including: Maintaining a focus on the majority of players, knowing when to focus away from the puck, having better post-whistle attention, and being better positioned. Discussion related to how these advantages might be gained by learning through experience. For phase three, 10 elite, 10 intermediate, and 10 novice referees wore an eye-tracking device and made penalty decisions on ice hockey infractions presented on a computer screen. In this experiment, decision accuracy, decision type, number of fixations, and fixation duration were calculated. MANOVA results indicated that there were no significant differences across participant groups. The global discussion includes data excluded from the three main papers, alternative methods for further interpretation of the results, integration of the results of the three papers, and proposals for future research.

Examinations have long been adopting for the selection of the public officials and become an essential tradition in our country. For centuries, the examination system, incorporated with fairness, has served as the recruitment mechanism and its functions and value still remain. The Senior Civil Service Examination traces its roots to the traditional examination systems and has become the most important examination. In order to recommend the brightest and ablest for the notion¡¦s recruitment and service, it is necessary to look into the background and the implementation status of the Senior Civil Service Examination system after seven decades since its establishment, while reviewing its capacity in response to the changes of the external environment. In addition, the reengineering of the examination system from the western countries to meet the challenges of new century is also the subject of the concern. This paper has three purposes. First, investigate the establishment and the current development of the Senior Civil Examination and explore its implementation and the potential problems. Second, research the recruiting system from other counties such as United Kingdom, United States, Germany, French, and Japan, etc. and take their experience as the reference. Last but not least, provide a feasible proposal to improve the effectiveness of our existing Senior Civil Examination for the public officials. Three different methodologies are used in this paper, the Document Analysis method, the Comparative method, and the In-depth interviewing method. The objective of this paper is to propose a suggestion of innovation and development for our existing Senior Civil Examination system for the public officials in regard to aspects such as the implementation status of our current examination systems and the experience learned from other countries. Keywords: the public officials, examination, the examination system, the Senior Civil Service Examination, background¡C

The subject of this research is the investigation officials from eight different regions. With convenience sampling, data are collected through questionnaire survey. Individual variable is set as independent variable, and the quality of work life, work pressure and job satisfaction are set as dependent variables. Differences and correlation are explored within each variable. Next, the quality of work life is set as mediator variable to investigate the mediator effect and the paths of relations on the dependent variables of work pressure and job satisfaction. The total number of 231 copies of effective questionnaires is collected. The return rate is 68.69%. Data are analyzed with descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation and canonical correlation analysis. The research reaches several significant conclusions: 1. The officials hold positive opinions toward their working quality. Result also shows that factors of marital status, age, years of working, and job position may cause obvious differences. 2. The officials¡¦ general work pressure reveals the fact of acceptable pressure. The region of service, job position and job duty are the factors that cause different levels of work pressure. 3. The officials¡¦ job satisfaction shows that officials are generally pleased with their works. Differences can be found in marital status, age, years of working and education level. 4. The officials¡¦ quality of work life and work pressure are partially related. 5. The officials¡¦ quality of work life and job satisfaction are partially related. 6. The officials¡¦ work pressure and job satisfaction have partial correlation. 7. The officials¡¦ quality of work life has partial effect on work pressure and job satisfaction. With practical investigation and relevant literature review, this research also advances suggestions for the Bureau of Investigation and its supervising department, officials, and other researchers as the reference for future implementation of management.

Abstract ¡§Sexual role¡¨ is that an individual shows the behavior form of his sex from the behavior of himself. Generally speaking, the female role that we expect belongs to obedience, dependence, and meekness, the sexual role ability related to the expression of human emotions, and the male role that we expect belongs to achievement and independence related to the character of initiative and implement. Therefore, the said ¡§ Traditional sexual role attitude¡¨ is to have the conception of polarization to the bisexual role and nature. The modern sexual role attitude considers that women can develop their career outward as well except taking care of their family, so the sexual role attitude is more flexible. According to the discovery of Horner¡¦s research (1965), expected success will bring the bad effect to women when they are in the circumstances of compitetion, for example, unpopularity, expelling of the society, loss of date and object of marriage, loss of female temperament, and sense of sin, etc., so they will constrain their motive of achievement, reduce their performance of achievement, and avoid the opportunity of success in their career. This phenomenon is called ¡§Fear of success¡¨ or the motive of avoiding success. ¡§Future development¡¨ is indicated the growth accumulated by the serial working experiences from the serial formal working role of an individual, or the subjective perception, felling, and attitude to the growth of the serial working experience. This research, taking the female officials as the object of research, is supposed mainly to understand the relation and the effect extent of sexual role attitude, fear of success, and future development of the female officials, and with the variables of interference of marriage and education, probe further the effect of interference to sexual role attitude, fear of success, and future development. This reseach is using the way of survey questionnaire, and analyzed with various methods of statistic analysis. The important discoveries are stated separately as follows: 1. The sexual role attitude of the female officials tends to the modern role, and the sexual role attitude becomes more flexible. 2. The female officials have fear of success, and the tendency of the fear of success which responds on the working pressure is the highest. 3. Although the female officials have fear of success, they still have the strong demands of promotion. 4. The human relationship has remarkable and positive influence on career and achievement. The demand of career development has the effect of intermediary between human relationship and the relation of career and achievement. 5. The effect of interference of marriage to sexual role attitude, fear of success, and future development. (1) The interaction of role attitude outside of the family with marriage has effect of interference to mission direction and power demand. The interaction of role attitude inside of the family with marriage has effect of interference to working challenge. (2) The interaction of family life, making friend and selecting spouse, getting along of spouse, and working pressure with marriage has effect of interference to demand of mission direction. 6. The effect of interference of education to sexual role attitude, fear of success, and future development. (1) The interaction of role attitude and stereotyped image outside of the family with role attitude and education inside of the family has effect of interference to power demand, working interest, and demand of working challenge. (2) The interaction of working pressure with education has effect of interferenc to demand of mission direction.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2009. / "Fall 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-109).

Akademisk avhandling--Gothenburg, Sweden. / Summary in English. Bibliography: p. 588-594.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2936. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves i-iv. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84).

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Typescript.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.