In this paper, we present a automatic item classification system,called AICS. This system is according the content structure that are provided from the teacher for create a content tree. This content tree can correlate the item with content. The main works of AICS classify the item and find the most similar content. After than the system compute the relationship between the item and content, AICS can automatic compute the difficulty of item and examination. The work of this research has two categories: 1. The system can show the content that are related to the item and help the teacher understand the difficulty of the examination paper quickly. 2. When after the examination, the system provide the content for student understand the irrelevant items.

Examinations have long been adopting for the selection of the public officials and become an essential tradition in our country. For centuries, the examination system, incorporated with fairness, has served as the recruitment mechanism and its functions and value still remain. The Senior Civil Service Examination traces its roots to the traditional examination systems and has become the most important examination. In order to recommend the brightest and ablest for the notion¡¦s recruitment and service, it is necessary to look into the background and the implementation status of the Senior Civil Service Examination system after seven decades since its establishment, while reviewing its capacity in response to the changes of the external environment. In addition, the reengineering of the examination system from the western countries to meet the challenges of new century is also the subject of the concern. This paper has three purposes. First, investigate the establishment and the current development of the Senior Civil Examination and explore its implementation and the potential problems. Second, research the recruiting system from other counties such as United Kingdom, United States, Germany, French, and Japan, etc. and take their experience as the reference. Last but not least, provide a feasible proposal to improve the effectiveness of our existing Senior Civil Examination for the public officials. Three different methodologies are used in this paper, the Document Analysis method, the Comparative method, and the In-depth interviewing method. The objective of this paper is to propose a suggestion of innovation and development for our existing Senior Civil Examination system for the public officials in regard to aspects such as the implementation status of our current examination systems and the experience learned from other countries. Keywords: the public officials, examination, the examination system, the Senior Civil Service Examination, background¡C

With the advancement in information technology, online assessments are getting more attention and online examinations are regarded as important parts of online learning. Online examinations can be easily taken by remote students, help the students get exam results quickly and save their time; online examinations also aid instructors in collecting students' exam answers and generating the exam reports effectively. In addition, online examinations can help reduce cost and save trees for our world. Multimedia elements like images, graphics, video and audio have been widely integrated into online learning environments. They not only help instructors design more engaging online learning content, but also help provide more interactive and pleasant learning experience for learners. However, integrating multimedia elements into online examination systems is rarely reported. Multimedia elements generally consume amounts of computing resources in a separated software system running on a single computer. "Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)" has become a new software paradigm and cloud-based software systems are becoming more attractive due to their dynamic scalability and effective usage of computing resources. Yet, how to effectively integrate multimedia elements into a cloud-based software system for online examinations is not significantly investigated. Although a variety of online-assessment tools have been developed, few of them adopt the "Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)" paradigm and most of them focus on the assessment in a specific domain or an application area with short of multimedia elements. There is a lack of a comprehensive software solution for online multimedia examinations. This thesis tries to utilize the "Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)" paradigm, design and develop a cloud-bAsed softwaRe systEm for oNline multimediA examinationS (ARENAS), and explore a comprehensive software solution for the online assessment field. ARENAS employs a multi-tiered client-server architecture and includes five subsystem modules: user module, question repository module, exam module, exam report module and configuration module. The developed cloud-based software system can present online questions with multimedia elements, and also support a myriad of question types, flexible accounts to the exam-takers, randomized question order in an online exam, flexible grading mechanisms, and analytical exam reports. For instructors, the developed system can help design more engaging online questions; for exam-takers, the developed system can help provide more user-friendly experience; for other educators and researchers, the design and development processes of ARENAS can be taken as a reference to designing and developing other large-scale cloud-based educational software systems. / Master of Science

台灣金融檢查原由財政部金融局、中央銀行金融業務檢查處及中央存款保險公司以分工方式辦理，後為求檢查標準一致，於2004年7月移撥各金檢單位人力，成立行政院金融監督管理委員會檢查局，統籌辦理金融檢查相關事宜，台灣金融檢查邁入一元化時代。檢查局成立迄今已近七年，現行金融檢查一元化制度是否有調整或檢討之處？本文研究目的將針對台灣現行金融檢查一元化制度之運作情形予以分析，探討以下問題。一、對金融檢查「一元化」情形之探討；二、一元化對金融檢查任務影響之探討；三、一元化對檢查後導正措施影響之探討；四、一元化金融檢查對金融機構成本負擔之探討，並進一步訪談金融機構主管及資深金融檢查人員，提供具體建議供台灣日後檢討金融檢查一元化制度之參考。 / The on-site examinations of financial institutions in Taiwan were carried out by three different agencies - the Ministry of Finance (Bureau of Monetary Affairs), the Central Bank (Department of Financial Inspection), and the Central Deposit Insurance Corporation. For consistent standards of financial examinations, the Financial Supervisory Commission Financial Examination Bureau (FEB) was then set up on July 1, 2004, with examiners came from these three agencies. The FEB is responsible for examining financial institutions and examination connected therewith. The financial examination system in Taiwan is then in unified era. The FEB was set up almost seven years till now. Would there be any adjustment needed for the financial examination system, or should the financial examination system need to be reexamined? The purpose of this study is to analyze the operating conditions of current unified financial examination system in Taiwan and to investigate the following issues: 1. Investigating the situation of “unification” in financial examination system. 2. Investigating the influence of the executing results of financial examination in the implementation of unified financial examination system. 3. Investigating the influence of the correcting mechanisms post financial examinations in the implementation of unified financial examination system. 4. Investigating the influence of the burden costs of financial institutions in the implementation of unified financial examination system. Further more, interviewing some officers of financial institutions and senior financial examiners to provide some amendable suggestions as references when reexamine the unified financial examination system in Taiwan.

中醫按摩源起於遠古時代，早於殷商甲骨文卽有按摩輔助人員之記載，春秋戰國名醫扁鵲併用弟子按摩搶救瀕死患者，戰國秦漢時期《黃帝內經》並以「按龜之法」作為按摩從業人員考覈取材標準，唐朝太醫署按摩科設立官方按摩博士及助理制度；說明中醫按摩法制早已完備。雖自明朝起「按摩」始有「推拿」之稱，清朝並分為十二流派，但按摩推拿法制仍能綿衍不絕。 　　然正當亞洲各國紛紛建立中醫推拿業務法制並重視第三醫學之際，我國行政主管機關卻仍在原地踏步、裹足不前。造成「真正從事中醫推拿助理業務者，無正規學歷與證照考覈管理制度；真正合法醫事人員，卻不從事中醫推拿助理業務且無相關法律配套」之窘境。 綜觀我國憲法、大法官解釋及相關法律規範，並未明文限制人民從事中醫推拿助理之業務。故在就業平等原則下，人民當具有自由選擇為職業之工作權、具有平等接受就業服務及不受歧視之就業與執業機會平等。且各種療法(包括民俗療法)皆存在著風險，甚至已關乎人命問題；是以不論各種療法之風險高低，均應有在職訓練及證照考覈制度管制、相關從業人員身份立法，不應有差別待遇或階級區分。依釋字第666號葉百修大法官協同意見書解釋之精神觀之，行政主管機關應有效提出配套措施、在職訓練及證照考覈制度，實不得以中醫推拿助理所執行之業務非正統醫療、有害社會或不具社會價值為理由，禁止其特定業務活動，使人民得從事該活動之自由『排除於職業自由的保障範圍之外』，藉此淘空憲法所保障中醫推拿助理之工作權。 據此，本論文蒐集歸納歷代與當代中醫按摩推拿歷史及法制文獻；比較當前亞洲國家推拿業務法制與英德日中職業證照制度；分析憲法及現行法秩序下，中醫推拿助理職業自由之保障與限制；並從歷年法院相關實務見解、衛生署行政函釋爭議、立法院質詢改革要點，彙整並比較當前司法、行政及立法機關之見解與措施，並對利弊得失作出評析。最後，提出個人自擬「中醫推拿技術士考覈與管理辦法草案」、「中醫推拿師法草案」及短中長期具體建議，作為未來中醫推拿法制與助理考覈管理改革之重要參考方針。 關鍵字：中醫推拿助理、工作權、職業自由、證照考覈制度 / The Chinese massage originated in ancient times. At the Shang dynasty, the oracle- bone scriptures had already recorded a number of massage assistance personnel . At the Eastern Zhou dynasty, a famous country Chinese herb doctor "pian-chiueh" who rescued the dying with massage therapy by disciples . At the Warring States Period and Qin-Han dynasties , " Laws of pressing the turtle " as the massage employee's standard examination had already described by "Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine)". At the Tang dynasty , imperial government established the official massage doctor and assistant systems . So that Chinese massage system had long been a complete system since then . Althrough "massage" started "tueinar" of call since Ming dynasty, and which divided into twelve divisions at Qing dynasty; the systems of Chinese massage could be still transmitted for ever and ever. However, many Asian countries have established legitimate Chinese massage systems and paid much attention to the third medical science in succession ; but administrative organizations in our country still have hesitated whether to move forward or not.Therefore, those embarrassing situations caused a great deal of trouble to us that" those who engaged in Chinese massage assistants with no formal qualifications and licence examination systems; and those who engaged in legitimate medical personnel with no legal standards of Chinese massage". Taking a comprehensive view of our country Constitution , J .Y . interpretations and related laws,which don't explicitly limit any people engaged in traditional Chinese massage assistants. Therefore , under the principle of equality in employment , people have freely choice of jobs for the right to work as a career;whom have equal acceptance of employment service and free from discrimination of jobs. Various therapies(including folk remedies) all exist risks which even have been already close to human life problems. Based on a variety of treatments regardless of the level of risk,one should have job training, evaluation licence examination systems,the relevant legislation as employees;but should not be discrimination or class distinction. According to the coordination view of J .Y. interpretation NO. 666 by the Honorable Justice Pai- Hsiu Yeh , administrative organizations should put effective integration of on-the-job training and licence examination for Chinese massage assistants ; then those shouldn't forbid their particular business activity in which guaranteed by the Constitution by reason of non-medical, harmful or valueless to the society. Accordingly, this thesis summarized collection of ancient and contemporary history of Chinese massage and legal documents; compared the massage systems in a few Asian countries and occupational licence systems in England , Germany , Japan and China ; analyzed under the Constitution and existing legislation in order to comprehend guarantee and restriction of occupational freedoms for Chinese massage assistants . In addition , it made assessment of the advantages and disadvantages about the related views of judicial , executive and legislature's organs till now. Finally, it proposed the personal draft plans " ordinance draft for Chinese massage technician 's assessment and management " , " law draft for the Chinese massagist " and the short , medium , long term recommendations as important reform references for policy in the future. Key words : Chinese massage assistant , Right to work, Freedom of occupation , Licence examination system

Eksamineringspraktyke in skole in Namibie is die fokuspunt van hierdie studie. 'n Historiese ondersoek is ingestel na die bree, algemene eksamenstelsels van die verlede. Op grond van die tekortkominge en gebreke van die Kaaplandse Onderwysdepartement-eksamenstelsel, is die noodsaaklikheid en wenslikheid van die herbeplanning en verbetering van die eksamenstelsel uitgelig. Daar is gefokus op die HIGHERIINl'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION-eksamenstelsel, ten einde vas te stel of algemene erkende opvoedkundige beginsels, prosedures en werkswyses tot op datum in die eksamenstelsel vergestalt is. 'n Uitvloeisel van die bevindings in hierdie studie is dat die huidige eksamenstelsel tekortkominge weerspieel, maar dat die historiese beperkinge oorbrug kan word Die afleiding word gemaak dat alle onderwysbelanghebbendes moet saamwerk aan verbeteringstrategiee ten opsigte van die huidige eksamenstelsel. Die hoop word uitgespreek dat die hele eksamenstelsel so spoedig moontlik, maar na deeglike beplanning, volledig sal verinheems. / Examination practices in schools in Namibia is the focal point of this study. An historical research has been done into the general examination systems of the past On account of the shortcomings and constraints of the Cape Education Deparbnent examination system, the necessity and desirability of the restructuring and betterment of the examination system is highlighted. The emphasis is put on the HIGHER/ INI'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION to determine whether generally accepted educational principles, procedures and methods have been embodied in the examination system. The present Namibian examination system is still insufficient. However, much can be done to overcome the historical constraints. The conclusion was reached that each and every stakeholder should work together to devise strategies for the betterment of the examination system. The author trusts that the whole examination system will, as soon as possible but after thorough planning, become totally indigenous. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)

No description available.

Eksamineringspraktyke in skole in Namibie is die fokuspunt van hierdie studie. 'n Historiese ondersoek is ingestel na die bree, algemene eksamenstelsels van die verlede. Op grond van die tekortkominge en gebreke van die Kaaplandse Onderwysdepartement-eksamenstelsel, is die noodsaaklikheid en wenslikheid van die herbeplanning en verbetering van die eksamenstelsel uitgelig. Daar is gefokus op die HIGHERIINl'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION-eksamenstelsel, ten einde vas te stel of algemene erkende opvoedkundige beginsels, prosedures en werkswyses tot op datum in die eksamenstelsel vergestalt is. 'n Uitvloeisel van die bevindings in hierdie studie is dat die huidige eksamenstelsel tekortkominge weerspieel, maar dat die historiese beperkinge oorbrug kan word Die afleiding word gemaak dat alle onderwysbelanghebbendes moet saamwerk aan verbeteringstrategiee ten opsigte van die huidige eksamenstelsel. Die hoop word uitgespreek dat die hele eksamenstelsel so spoedig moontlik, maar na deeglike beplanning, volledig sal verinheems. / Examination practices in schools in Namibia is the focal point of this study. An historical research has been done into the general examination systems of the past On account of the shortcomings and constraints of the Cape Education Deparbnent examination system, the necessity and desirability of the restructuring and betterment of the examination system is highlighted. The emphasis is put on the HIGHER/ INI'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION to determine whether generally accepted educational principles, procedures and methods have been embodied in the examination system. The present Namibian examination system is still insufficient. However, much can be done to overcome the historical constraints. The conclusion was reached that each and every stakeholder should work together to devise strategies for the betterment of the examination system. The author trusts that the whole examination system will, as soon as possible but after thorough planning, become totally indigenous. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)