Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2002.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / Participation of diverse families in familial needs studies, assist in understanding and comparing their descriptive account of their families and experiences today. This descriptive study compared traditional and non-traditional families of public officials with a focus on (1) form and income, (2) familial needs as per key propositions, (3) families perceptions/experiences at community and broader societal levels and (4) familial needs government must assist them with. The study was contextualized within a contemporary family discourse. It was primarily influenced by a feminist perspective as well as a critique of the nuclear or traditional family grounded in functionalist theory. The public official, as focus, was framed in a human rights and an employee assistance policy discourse influenced by the South African public service context. The study used a quantitative research paradigm, whereby a survey was implemented. The survey was administered to 600 public officials and culminated in a final sample of 70 participants. The study indicated that public officials, as members of families, live in both traditional and non-traditional families. Public officials have familial needs similar to any other family and are also influenced by similar factors in broader society. As both rights holders and duty bearers they can improve their own family lives and also serve families in broader society better. However they too need to be supported with their own family needs. Public officials suggested the areas in which they needed help from the Provincial Government of the Western Cape.

Examinations have long been adopting for the selection of the public officials and become an essential tradition in our country. For centuries, the examination system, incorporated with fairness, has served as the recruitment mechanism and its functions and value still remain. The Senior Civil Service Examination traces its roots to the traditional examination systems and has become the most important examination. In order to recommend the brightest and ablest for the notion¡¦s recruitment and service, it is necessary to look into the background and the implementation status of the Senior Civil Service Examination system after seven decades since its establishment, while reviewing its capacity in response to the changes of the external environment. In addition, the reengineering of the examination system from the western countries to meet the challenges of new century is also the subject of the concern. This paper has three purposes. First, investigate the establishment and the current development of the Senior Civil Examination and explore its implementation and the potential problems. Second, research the recruiting system from other counties such as United Kingdom, United States, Germany, French, and Japan, etc. and take their experience as the reference. Last but not least, provide a feasible proposal to improve the effectiveness of our existing Senior Civil Examination for the public officials. Three different methodologies are used in this paper, the Document Analysis method, the Comparative method, and the In-depth interviewing method. The objective of this paper is to propose a suggestion of innovation and development for our existing Senior Civil Examination system for the public officials in regard to aspects such as the implementation status of our current examination systems and the experience learned from other countries. Keywords: the public officials, examination, the examination system, the Senior Civil Service Examination, background¡C

The prevalence of bribery in Ghana has increased significantly since the mid-2000s and has received considerable attention in both local and international media, as well as among empirical researchers. Although researchers have examined factors that influence the giving and acceptance of bribes in Ghana, limited theoretical research exists concerning the ways public officials in Ghana defend their corrupt behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine ways bribees in Ghana defend their illegal actions, using Sykes and Matza’s neutralization theory. Data were collected from telephone interviews with 11 Ghanaian public officials who have served sentences for bribery; their statements of defense were analyzed through qualitative content analysis to establish whether they used techniques of neutralization. The findings of this study indicate that public officials accused of accepting bribes apply all 5 techniques in Sykes and Matza’s neutralization theory to neutralize the guilt associated with their actions. The findings also indicate that participants believe that bribery has become part of the Ghanaian culture. Legislators, organizational leaders, and criminal justice administrators could use the findings of this study to enact appropriate laws to manage the issue of bribery in Ghana and to design effective and comprehensive ethics policies and programs to prevent its occurrence. Implications for positive social change include reducing the negative economic implications of bribery and improving trust in public officials.

The purpose of this study was to determine if local elected officials in Tennessee perceive ethics training will affect ethical behavior, and, if so, what format they recommend for ethics training including length of time, delivery methods, and instructors' qualifications. This study provides information regarding whether ethics training is likely to be efficacious and how officials feel about the training. Specifically, this study informs officials and others who invest with both time and financial resources about the value of training, what to teach if they are going to offer ethics training, and who should teach ethics. More than 2,000 local elected officials in Tennessee were surveyed asking their perceptions on the format, content, instructor, and length of time necessary for ethics training. In addition, survey participants were asked their personal definition of ethics and were asked to share the unethical behavior they have observed in other elected officials, if any. This study provides rich information for those responsible for designing and delivering ethics training for elected officials as well as for those making financial decisions regarding ethics training. An additional benefit of this study was as a contribution to the body of literature on the subject of ethics training. This study should be useful for those in government or training and development as they consider offering ethics training.

La corruption, considérée comme l’utilisation abusive d’un pouvoir reçu par délégation à des fins privées, enrichit immanquablement un petit nombre de personnes. Ainsi, là où elle s’enracine, elle devient un obstacle important au développement en affaiblissant la société et l’Etat. C’est pourquoi, elle sape les fondements même de l’Etat de droit, mine les bases de la démocratie et tire sa source de la mauvaise gouvernance. Par conséquent, elle entraîne non seulement une mauvaise utilisation des deniers publics, mais également, fausse la concurrence en créant des inégalités entre les citoyens. Conscients des effets néfastes de ce phénomène, la France et le Mali prévoient et punis dans leur système juridique la lutte contre corruption. Au titre de la prévention, des organes à caractère administratif sont créés (SCPC en France et BVG au Mali, etc.) ayant pour mission de prévenir la corruption des agents publics. Egalement, sur le plan de la répression, des juridictions spécialisées sont créées dans ces pays pour réprimer toute atteinte à la probité publique. Mais force est de constater que la mise en oeuvre effective de ces mesures rencontre très souvent des difficultés tenant entre autres à la brièveté du délai de la prescription, à la question de l’opportunité des poursuites, au secret-défense, etc. Sur le plan international et régional, autant de conventions ou accords ont été adoptés pour faire de la lutte contre la corruption, un enjeu majeur. D’ailleurs, les Nations Unies ont inscrit la lutte contre la corruption au rang de leurs objectifs, considérant que ce fléau constitue à bien des égards, un obstacle majeur à l’Etat de droit. La France et le Mali ont ratifié et transposé la plupart des conventions internationales et régionales dans leur système juridique afin de se conformer aux contraintes internationales pour lutter contre la corruption, une lutte qui tend à s’internationaliser. Cette étude a pour objectif de faire un état des lieux de la corruption dans les deux pays, d’analyser la réalité et la faiblesse des mesures mises en place pour lutter contre ce fléau tout en faisant des propositions destinées à rendre plus efficace la lutte contre la corruption qui, au demeurant, gangrène tous les secteurs tant public que privé. / Corruption, considered as an excessive use of a power delegated for private purposes, inevitably enriches a small number of people. Thus, where it is rooted, it becomes a major obstacle to development by weakening the society and the state. Therefore, it undermines the very foundations of the rule of law, undermines the foundations of democracy and derives its source of bad governance. Consequently, it does not only lead to a misuse of public funds, but also distorts competition by creating inequalities among citizens. Aware of the harmful effects of this phenomenon, France and Mali provide and punish in their legal systems the fight against corruption. For prevention purposes, bodies of administrative nature are created (SCPC France and Mali OAG, etc.) whose mission is to prevent the corruption of public officials. Also, as regards to law enforcement, specialized courts are created in these countries to quell any attack on public probity. But there is no choice but to accept that the effective implementation of these measures often encounter difficulties linked inter alia to the brevity of the limitation period, the issue of whether prosecution is advisable, to defense secrecy, etc. Internationally and regionally, as many conventions or agreements have been adopted to make the fight against corruption, a major stake. Besides, the United Nations has listed the fight against corruption among their objectives, considering this plague to be in many ways a major obstacle to the rule of law. France and Mali have ratified and adapted most of the international and regional conventions to their legal system in order to conform to international constraints for the fight against corruption, a struggle which tends to internationalize. This study aims to make an inventory of the corruption in both countries, analyze the reality and the weakness of the measures implemented to fight against this plague while making proposals for a more effective fight against corruption which, notwithstanding blights both public and private sectors.

Baigiamojo bakalauro darbo tema „Organizacijos kultūros raiška Lietuvos Respublikos Seime“. Darbo tikslas – atlikti teorinę ir empirinę organizacijos kultūros analizę ir pateikti pasiūlymus, kaip derinti organizacijos kultūrą, kad ji atitiktų organizacijos tikslus ir darbuotojų lūkesčius. Tikslui pasiekti buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: • Atlikti situacijos analizę organizacinės kultūros aspektu. • Atlikti empirinį tyrimą tikslu nustatyti, kaip esama organizacijos kultūra dera su norima organizacijos kultūra. • Pateikti vadybinius siūlymus, kaip derinti organizacijos kultūrą, kad ji atitiktų organizacijos tikslus ir darbuotojų lūkesčius. Situacijos analizėje aptarta tinkamos organizacinės kultūros įtaka organizacijos sėkmei ir organizacijos narių pasitenkinimui darbu. Aptarti keturi dominuojantys organizacinės kultūros tipai, oficialūs ir neoficialūs organizacinės kultūros elementai. Empirinio tyrimo metu buvo siekiama nustatyti, ar esama organizacinė kultūra sutampa su norima organizacijos kultūra. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos Respublikos Seime, apklausiant tik ten dirbančius valstybės tarnautojus, nes jie sudaro didžiąją dalį visų Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo darbuotojų. Apklausa buvo vykdoma kiekybinio tyrimo metodu pagal iš anksto sudarytą klausimyną. Apklausos grįžtamumas – 92 proc. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad esama organizacijos kultūra neatitinka norimos organizacijos kultūros. Įvertinus Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo organizacinę struktūrą, pateikiami vadybiniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of Bachelor thesis is “Managing the Alignment of the Organizational Culture at “Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania”. The objective of thesis is to carry out the theoretical and empiric research of the organizational culture, and deliver the implementations, how to manage the alignment of the organizational culture. For implementation of the objective, these goals were followed: • To carry out the theoretical research under the aspect of organizational culture. • To carry out the empiric research in order to define, if and how present organizational culture matches desired organizational culture. • To deliver the managerial implementations, how to manage the alignment of the organizational culture, so that it would fulfill organizational goals and values of organization members. The high impact of proper organizational culture on organization’s success and organization’s members’ job satisfaction was revealed in the theoretical research. Four types of organizational culture and formal and informal organizational elements were discussed. During the empirical research it was aiming to measure, if present organizational culture matches with desired organizational culture. The research took place in Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Only public officials were research, since they make the majority of all employees in Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. The survey was done under the quantitative research method, a structured questionnaire was used. The feedback of... [to full text]

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-23T12:33:35Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T12:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho destina-se à apresentar uma contribuição contemporânea no que tange ao debate existente acerca da efetivação do direito à saúde no Brasil face a inoperância do Poder Público no exercício de suas funções. Metodologicamente a pesquisa foi classificada quanto aos fins em exploratória e qualitativa, e quanto aos meios em bibliográfica e documental. Com o intuito de aprimorar a problemática do tema de maneira inovadora, a princípio, foi feita uma abordagem sobre à evolução histórica dos Direitos Fundamentais e Humanos, sendo identificado que o direito à saúde é caracterizado como um direito fundamental social de segunda dimensão. Após, foram apresentadas considerações no contexto do Direito Comparado, referentes à conquista e edificação dos Direitos Fundamentais, merecendo respaldo às contribuições inglesa, americana e francesa. Em sequência, foi trabalhada a ligação existente entre o direito à saúde, a dignidade humana, o mínimo existencial e a teoria da reserva do possível, teoria esta, criticada, por ter vinculação direta quanto aos limites orçamentários públicos dentro dos quais o direito à saúde é exigível. Em continuidade, foi analisada a estrutura normativa que prevê a criação e competência do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde-SUS), haja vista que a sua ineficácia tem implicação direta no aumento das demandas judicias relativas à ineficácia do direito à saúde. Direcionado à apresentar um benefício inédito no que tange à efetivação da saúde pública pátria, foi desenvolvido um trabalho multidisciplinar, apresentando como relevante objetivo a possibilidade de incidência da Justiça Restaurativa no cenário atual da judicialização do direito à saúde. Tendo como premissa que o direito à saúde é uma garantia constitucional e fundamental, conexa à vida digna, buscou-se assimilar da melhor forma o fenômeno da judicialização do direito à saúde, tendo como ponto de partida seu conceito clássico, em ser um mecanismo onde através da propositura de ações judiciais, uma pessoa ou um grupo de pessoas tutelam ao Poder Judiciário prestações positivas voltadas ao oferecimento de bens e serviços relativos à saúde. A originalidade desta tese consistiu em quebrar paradigmas pré constituídos, no sentido de haver um prático reconhecimento de uma judicialização contemporânea do direito à saúde, com o reconhecimento por parte do Poder Judiciário, seu operador, em ser pluralista, admitindo em seu cotidiano, discussões que venham à contribuir à efetivação do direito à saúde, não sendo necessariamente por meio de uma demanda processual e de cunho judicial. Assim, eis aqui a relevância evolutiva de haver no Brasil uma política judicial moderna, aberta à participação multifacetada e reestruturaste no tocante à efetivação do direito à saúde. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Why public officials complicit in corruption? It is absolutely a nagging and antiquated question. This thesis examines the corruption on a micro-scale from those convicted in corruption cases in Central Java Province, Indonesia, more specifically by taking the personal views and experiences of the imprisoned actors into account. Broadly speaking, the problem of corruption is a tantalizing daily issue around Indonesia. Despite the government is highly committed to overcome corruption, it is argued that national corruption eradication efforts have not simply failed to diminish the number of corruption cases, but they - at least until 2019 – failed to impede the deployment of corruption from central to local government levels. Empirically, this study explores corruption from leadership theories to build its own analytical framework of corruption, namely administrative and political corruption. Using narrative analysis methods, this study analyses nine interviews with elective public officials at district and village levels, combined with several secondary techniques. In drawing its conclusions, this study highlights three major findings to understand the failure of government in addressing corruption, each of which is related to 1) critical role of public legitimacy built upon informal norms; 2) strict bureaucratic function built upon formal norms; 3) cleavages between formal and informal norms that encourage public officials to enact one or both types of corruption. Above all, the idea of ‘private gain’ as the central element of corruption cannot be found in this study. Ultimately, this study provides some direction for future research that would suggest academia and policymakers to better understand the corruption in the public sector by taking informal norms into consideration.

Utifrån en pågående neutralitetsdebatt inom biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap är studiens syfte att undersöka bibliotekariers uppfattning av neutralitet som professionsvärde, detta utifrån huruvida bibliotekarier uppfattar eventuella spänningar mellan deras professionella yrkesidentitet och ett aktivt politiskt engagemang. Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med bibliotekarier. Detta resultat har analyserats med hjälp av Macdonald och Birdis (2020) beskrivningar av neutralitets-uppfattningar och Hysing och Olssons (2012) tjänstemannaroller som teoretiska verktyg. Genom en idé- och ideologianalys har bibliotekariernas uppfattningar om neutralitet karaktäriserats. Analysen utvecklas genom att deras idéer om bibliotekarierollen karaktäriseras i relation till olika tjänstemannaroller. Studiens slutsatser visar att det förekommer skilda uppfattningar kring hur neutralitet kan tolkas. Gemensamt för informanterna är dock att de uppfattar att det är omöjligt att uppnå en fullständig neutralitet. Neutralitet uppfattas vara viktigast i mötet med användare. Bibliotekarierna skiljer mellan en personlig och professionell roll, men kombinationen av rollerna anses lättast när professionens ideal går i linje med det personliga politiska engagemanget. Ställningstaganden är en del i bibliotekariens yrkesroll vilket gör vissa tjänstemannaroller lättare att axla än andra. / From an ongoing neutrality debate in library and information science, the aim of this study is to investigate librarians’ conception of neutrality as a professional value. This is based on whether librarians consider there to be possible tensions between their professional identity and active political engagement. Qualitative semi-structured interviews have been conducted with librarians. The results have been analyzed with Macdonald and Birdi’s (2020) descriptions of conceptions of neutrality and Hysing and Olsson’s (2012) roles of public officials as theoretical tools. The librarians’ conceptions of neutrality have been characterized through an idea- and ideology analysis. The analysis is developed through characterizing the interviewees’ ideas of the librarian role with different roles of public officials. The study’s conclusions show that there are different conceptions of how neutrality can be interpreted. The respondents have in common that they consider it impossible to reach full neutrality. Neutrality is considered most important whilst facing users. The librarians differentiate between a personal and professional role, but the combination of roles is considered easiest when professional ideals accord with the personal political engagements. Statements are a part of the librarian’s professional role which makes some of the roles as public official easier to assume than others.