Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelSPPG.pdf: 1877008 bytes, checksum: 3747d30fa224a135c7e0131380ce7093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-30 / As can be inferred by the title of its study The constitutional principle of sustainable development and the utilization of hidrical resources in the oil industry the transcribed pages are dedicated to the approach of the mentioned subjects which, despite being apparently different, will be shown intrinsically connected as goes by the study. The superation of this first step by the reader will lead to an important perception of the title: that the situation requires, urgently, a defined posture, a complete conduct change and, therefore, a modification of the paradigms currently establisheds. To brake barriers, modifying what is lived by, is the ultimate goal. For that, there is no unique path, linear, but there were broached the development themes, the hidrical resources theme and oil and natural gas industry at the necessary points to achieve, by the end, a comprehension for the Brazilian Federal Republic goals in the search for the application of these juridical norms. The ones whom lay down over this study shall notice that, more than a simple approach over these themes (which are still less worked and searched in Brazil), the heavy critic of an instituted and pacifically accepted reality, directly offensive of the constitutional principles. The debate evolves from punctual and specific aspects, it gains life, flies, searching how the juridical order equalizes the economic model to the environment defense. Standing by the possibility of conciliation among constitutional principles, the remodeling of an economic segment is defended, aligning it to the sustainable limits. Development, sustainable, becomes means and goals to the implementation of liberty, capacitating everyone to achieve their goals of life, their libertments, fruit of the inherent antagonism of the Constitution the sustainable development offers, while an axiological vector, a new reality to the economic order, turning it into a motriz element to the fortification of constitutional normative force and for the national development / Como se deduz do t?tulo firmado para este trabalho O princ?pio constitucional do desenvolvimento sustent?vel e a utiliza??o de recursos h?dricos na ind?stria do petr?leo as p?ginas transcritas dedicam-se a abordagem dos assuntos mencionados que, aparentemente d?spares, mostrar-se-?o visceralmente interligados no transcorrer do estudo. A supera??o desta primeira etapa pelo leitor levar? a percep??o imprescind?vel sobre o tema: a situa??o exige, urgentemente, uma tomada de postura, uma guinada de conduta e, conseq?entemente, a modifica??o dos paradigmas atualmente vivenciados. Quebrar barreiras, modificando o vivenciado ? meta maior que se busca. Para tanto, n?o se estabeleceu um caminho ?nico, linear, mas abordaram-se os temas do desenvolvimento, dos recursos h?dricos e da ind?stria do petr?leo e do g?s natural nos pontos necess?rios para se atingir, ao final, uma compreens?o sobre os objetivos da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil na busca pela implementa??o destas normas jur?dicas. Aqueles que se debru?arem sobre o estudo perceber?o, mas do que mera abordagem sobre os temas (ainda pouco trabalhados e aprofundados no Brasil), a cr?tica contundente sobre uma realidade instaurada e pacificamente aceita, frontalmente ofensiva dos princ?pios constitucionais. O debate evolui de aspectos pontuais e espec?ficos, ganha vida, al?a v?o, perscrutando como o ordenamento jur?dico equaliza o modelo econ?mico ? defesa ambiental. Posicionando-se pela possibilidade de concilia??o entre os princ?pios insertos no texto constitucional, defende-se a remodela??o do segmento econ?mico, alinhando-o ? balizas sustent?veis. Desenvolvimento, sustent?vel, torna-se fim e meio para a implementa??o da liberdade, capacitando todos a atingirem suas metas de vida, seus libertamentos; fruto do antagonismo inerente ? Constitui??o o desenvolvimento sustent?vel propicia, enquanto vetor valorativo, uma nova realidade para a ordem econ?mica, tornando-se, a mesma, elemento motriz a fortifica??o da for?a normativa constitucional e para o desenvolvimento nacional

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis / Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.

The thesis addresses the role of national oil companies and their overseas engagement in the foreign policy decision-making process of states. Over the past 40 years, national oil companies have gained importance in the international oil industry and currently control around 90 per cent of the global oil reserves. A number of political and economic factors – depleting domestic reserves, economic growth – have resulted in an increasing expansion of Asian national oil companies to Africa. Through the use of two Asian national oil companies – Malaysia's Petronas and India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) – and their overseas engagement in Sudan and South Sudan as case studies, the thesis assesses three aspects: factors and motives that influence the relationship between government institutions and Petronas and ONGC, the connection between this domestic relationship and the overseas engagement of both companies, and the implications of the overseas engagement of Petronas and ONGC in both Sudans for the foreign policy decision-making process of Malaysia and India. This set of questions is analysed through a comparative case study design that is supported by in-depth interviews and based on Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), proposing a four-level theoretical framework. This thesis thus seeks to demonstrate how FPA can help assess the connection between the domestic decision-making process and the international engagement of the companies. In doing so, it not only argues that process and engagement are in fact connected, but also critically addresses conventional assumptions about the overseas engagement of national oil companies. Furthermore, this thesis questions the idea that government institutions and national oil companies act in a coherent and coordinated manner when operating abroad.

La joint-venture est une technique juridique étroitement liée au secteur amont de l’industrie pétro-gazière internationale. Pratiquement, elle correspond dans ce domaine à des architectures contractuelles très diversifiées basées sur des ingénieries juridiques différentes. Depuis sa création dans l’industrie pétro-gazière américaine, la technique de la joint-venture, par sa grande adaptabilité congénitale, a généré différentes versions servant les relations juridiques entre les acteurs internationaux dans ce domaine. La structure juridique de chacune de ses variantes a une particularité qui lui est propre. Elle est formée selon les stratégies, les objectifs, les besoins, les expériences, les limites techniques et les moyens financiers et managériaux des participants. Dans ce contexte, l’étude sur le rôle de cette technique dans les relations juridiques entre deux principaux acteurs pétro-gaziers dans la seconde moitié du 20ème siècle est très importante. En effet, dès son entrée dans les relations juridiques entre les pays producteurs de pétrole et de gaz naturel et les sociétés pétro-gazières internationales, la technique de « joint-venture participation » est progressivement devenue la stratégie principale du secteur amont de l’industrie pétro-gazière des pays producteurs. En d'autres termes, quel que soit la structure contractuelle principale de l’État-hôte au secteur amont du pétrole et du gaz, lorsque lui, ou l’un de ses membres, participe conjointement,avec une société pétro-gazière internationale, à des projets d’exploration et de développement, le recours à la technique juridique de la joint-venture est indispensable.L’impact de telle participation sur la joint-venture est considérable. La présence d’un participant doté de prérogatives de la puissance publique au sein d’une joint-venture pétrogazière affecte l’équilibre paritaire entre les participants, et en conséquence influence sa structure juridique, son processus de formation et son fonctionnement. / The joint venture is a legal technic closely related to the international upstream oil and gasindustry. Practically, it corresponds to very diversified contractual architectures based ondifferent legal engineering. Since its creation in the USA oil and gas industry, the technic ofjoint venture with its great congenital adaptability has generated various versions assistingthe legal relationship of international players in this field. Legal structure of each of itsvariants has its particularities formed according to the strategies, objectives, needs,experiences, means and technical, financial and managerial limits surrounded participants. Inthis context, the study of the role of this technic in the contractual framework between twooil and gas main players in the second half of the 20th century is very important. Indeed, uponit enters in the legal relationship between oil and gas producers countries and international oiland gas companies, the technic of "participating joint venture" has gradually become a keystrategy of producers countries in their upstream oil and gas sector. In other words,regardless of the principal contractual structure of the host-state in upstream oil and gassector, where it or its dismemberment participates with an international oil and gas companyin exploration and development projects, the use of legal technic of the joint venture isindispensable. The impact of such participation on the joint venture is considerable. Thepresence of a participant with public powers within a petroleum joint venture affect the paritybalance among participants and therefore influence its legal structure, and the process of itsformation and its functioning.