This dissertation will focus on the volatile compounds released upon the burning of incense which are numerous and varied. The first part of this dissertation is the gas chromatography-mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis of burning incense collected via solid phase microextraction (SPME) with the aim of developing a library of compounds found in incense as used in the Orthodox church. The second part of this dissertation has the aim of developing a method for forming oleic acid bilayer vesicle membranes and a fluorescence spectroscopy method by which the reactivities of these vesicles can be analyzed. These reactivities include permeability, fluidity, aggregation, and fusion of the membranes. One family of the volatile compounds found in incense are the terpenes and terpenoids. The reactivity of the terpenes and terpenoids found in incense will be analyzed using the oleic acid vesicles with the hypothesis that terpenes of the same structural groups will act similarly on oleic acid vesicle membranes and these reactivities can be related to mechanistic interactions.

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A study of the n.m.r. absorption of oleic acid has been carried out between 77°K. and 287°K. A sharp increase in line width and second moment is observed below 100°K. indicative of an increase in the intramolecular interactions. A narrow line, indicative of liquid-like motion, is observed at temperatures above 208°K. The second moment and line width decrease rapidly as the melting point is approached, dropping to liquid-like values at 287°K. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical data obtained from the known crystal structure. From this comparison, a crystal transition is proposed to take place below 100°K., and heteronuclear premelting is proposed to take place above 208°K. It is likely that end methyl group rotation takes place at all temperatures but there is no extensive torsional oscillation or vibration below 26o°K. and there is little apparent change in the cell dimensions between 260°K. and 100°K. Elaidic acid has been studied between 77°K. and 315°K. The line width and second moment increase slightly below 170GK. and a narrow component is observed above 225°K. The line width and second moment fall sharply only at the melting point, decreasing to a liquid-like line. As no crystal structure is available for elaidic acid, the experimental data are compared with experimental and theoretical data for oleic acid and stearic acid. Some form of molecular vibration or hindered rotation is proposed to account for the transition at 170°K., and heteronuclear premelting is proposed to take place above 225°K. The difference in the behaviour of oleic acid and elaidic acid near the melting point is explained in terms of the molecular shape. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Oleic acid (18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid (FA), is synthesized upon desaturation of stearic acid (18:0) and this reaction is catalyzed by the plastidal enzyme stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase (SACPD). A mutation in the SSI2/FAB2 encoded SACPD lowers 18:1 levels, which correlates with induction of various resistance (R) genes and increased resistance to pathogens. Genetic and molecular studies have identified several suppressors of ssi2 which restore altered defense signaling either by normalizing 18:1 levels or by affecting function(s) of a downstream component. Characterization of one such ssi2 suppressor mutant showed that it is required downstream of low 18:1-mediated constitutive signaling and partially restores altered defense signaling in the ssi2 mutant. Molecular and genetic studies showed that the second site mutation was in the Nitric Oxide Associated (NOA) 1 gene, which is thought to participate in NO biosynthesis. Consistent with this result, ssi2 plants accumulated high levels of NO and showed an altered transcriptional profile of NO-responsive genes. Interestingly, the partial defense phenotypes observed in ssi2 noa1 plants were completely restored by an additional mutation in either of the two nitrate reductases NIA1 or NIA2. This suggested that NOA1 and NIA proteins participated in NO biosynthesis in an additive manner. Biochemical studies showed that 18:1 physically bound NOA1, in turn leading to its degradation in a protease-dependent manner. In concurrence, overexpression of NOA1 did not promote NO-derived defense signaling in wild-type plants unless 18:1 levels were lowered. Subcellular localization showed that NOA1 and the 18:1-synthesizing SSI2 were present in close proximity within the nucleoids of chloroplasts. Indeed, pathogen- or low 18:1- induced accumulation of NO was primarily detected in the chloroplasts and their nucleoids. Together, these data suggested that 18:1 levels regulate NO synthesis and thereby NO-mediated retrograde signaling between the nucleoids and the nucleus. Since cellular pools of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) regulate 18:1 levels, I next analyzed the relationship between G3P and 18:1. Interestingly, unlike 18:1, an increased G3P pool was associated with enhanced systemic immunity in Arabidopsis. This was consistent with G3P-mediated transcriptional reprogramming in the distal tissues. To determine mechanism(s) underlying G3P-conferred systemic immunity, I analyzed the interaction between G3P and a lipid transfer protein (LTP), DIR1. In addition, I monitored localization of DIR1 in both Arabidopsis as well as tobacco. Contrary to its predicted apoplastic localization, DIR1 localized to endoplasmic reticulum and plasmodesmata. The symplastic localization of DIR1 was confirmed using several different assays, including co-localization with plasmodesmatal-localizing protein, plasmolysis and protoplast-based assays. Translocation assays showed that G3P increased DIR1 levels and translocated DIR1 to distal tissues. Together, these results showed that G3P and DIR1 are present in the symplast and their coordinated transport into distal tissues is likely essential for systemic immunity. In conclusion, this work showed that low 18:1-mediated signaling is mediated via NO, synthesis of which is likely initiated in the plastidal nucleoids. In addition, my work shows that G3P functions as an independent signal during systemic signaling by mediating translocation of the lipid transfer protein, DIR1.

Hydrothermal method of nanoparticle preparation, involving oleic acid, has received certain attention in the last years. However, the published works lack systematic approach to the subject, and the mechanism was not thoroughly investigated, so as to achieve a predictable outcome of the synthesis. The present work investigated the influence of composition of organic and water phase on the synthesis of cobalt ferrite (cobalt(II)-iron(III) oxide) and magnetite nanoparticles, and the mechanism of nanoparticle formation was proposed. Organic phase was based on pentanol, octanol or toluene, containing the precursor - metal oleate. Besides hydrophobic particles, it was even possible to directly prepare hydrophilic oleate-coated particles by using water phase with sodium oleate. Synthetic procedure was then simplified by a separate preparation of cobalt-iron oleate, which led also to a product of narrower size distribution and better phase purity. Size control in the range of 6-11 nm and a batch yield of ca. 500 mg was achieved. Attention was given also to the surface modification of the particles, thus imparting them hydrophilicity. Small di- or tricarboxylic acids were utilized, as well as carboxylmethyl dextran and titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide required additional protection with...

A sociedade está cada vez mais exigente com relação à qualidade dos produtos consumidos e se preocupa com os benefícios para a saúde. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de óleo de canola na dieta de vacas sobre amanteiga e muçarela, buscando produtos mais saudáveis para o consumo humano. Foram utilizadas 18 vacas Holandesas, em estágio intermediário de lactação, com produção média de 22 (± 4) Kg de leite/ dia, as quais foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 3x3 contemporâneos e receberam as dietas experimentais: T1- Controle (0% de inclusão de óleo); T2- 3% de inclusão de óleo de canola e T3- 6% de inclusão de óleo de canola. O perfil lipídico foi determinado através de cromatografia gasosa, além da avaliação de qualidade nutricional, realizada através de equações utilizando os ácidos graxos obtidos no perfil lipídico, análises físico-químicas determinadas pela metodologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz e análises microbiológicas. Houveram problemas durante processamento do leite, gerando alterações de tecnologia de fabricação do produto manteiga, obtendo-se outro produto, o creme de leite, ao invés de manteiga, além de prejuízos na qualidade microbiológicas do creme de leite e muçarela. A inclusão de óleo de canola na dieta em lactação reduziu quadraticamente os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e proporcionou aumento quadrático dos ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, dos ácidos graxos insaturados e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados na muçarela. A relação ácidos graxos saturados/ ácidos graxos insaturados (AGS/ AGI) e a relação ômega-6/ômega-3, assim como os índices de aterogenicidade e trombogenicidade, na muçarela, reduziram linearmente 25,68%, 31,35%; 32,12% e 21,78%, respectivamente, quando comparando T1 e T3. No creme de leite, houve redução linear dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e média, bem como, os ácidos graxos saturados e a relação ácidos graxos saturados/ ácidos graxos insaturados (AGS/ AGI) em 41,07%; 23,82%; 15,91% e 35,59%, respectivamente, enquanto os ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, ácidos graxos insaturados e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados aumentaram linearmente 41,40%; 28,24% e 32,07%, nesta ordem, quando comparando T1 com T3. Os índices de aterogenicidade e trombogenicidade reduziram de forma linear, enquanto o índice h/H (razão ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos e hipercolesterolêmicos) aumentou linearmente. A composição físico-química de ambos derivados e o rendimento da muçarela não apresentaram efeito significativo com a inclusão do óleo de canola, exceto a proteína bruta da muçarela que apresentou aumento linear e a gordura do creme de leite que apresentou efeito quadrático. As análises microbiológicas mostram contagens muito elevadas de microrganismos, sugerindo que os produtos não apresentam qualidade microbiológica, decorrente da ausência do processo de pasteurização do creme e da baixa eficiência do tratamento térmico aplicado ao leite destinado a produção da muçarela. Conclui-se que a adição de óleo de canola na dieta de vacas lactantes proporciona muçarela e creme de leite mais saudáveis para o consumo humano, pois apresentaram perfil lipídico mais rico em ácidos graxos insaturados, além da série ômega-3 e ácido oleico, entretanto, devido a problemas de processamento, estes produtos obtidos, não estão aptos ao consumo devido à ausência de qualidade microbiológica. / Society is increasingly demanding with regard to the quality of the products consumed and worries about the health benefits. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of canola oil levels in cows diet on amanteiga and mozzarella, seeking healthier products for human consumption. 18 Holstein cows were used in middle stage of lactation, with average production of 22 (± 4) kg of milk / day, which were distributed in two 3x3 squares contemporary Latin and received the experimental diets: T1- control (0% of inclusion oil); T2 3% inclusion of canola oil and T3 6% canola oil inclusion. The lipid profile was determined by gas chromatography, in addition to evaluation of nutritional quality, performed using equations using fatty acids obtained in the lipid profile, physical and chemical analysis determined by the methodology of the Institute Adolfo Lutz and microbiological analysis. There were problems during processing of milk, generating fabrication technology changes butter product to give another product, the cream instead of butter, as well as losses in the microbiological quality of milk cream and mozzarella. The canola oil inclusion in the diet of lactating quadratically reduced the short-chain fatty acids and yielded quadratic increase in long-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in the mozzarella. The ratio saturated fatty acid / unsaturated fatty acids (SFA / UFA) and the ratio omega-6 / omega-3 as well as the contents of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity in mozzarella, linearly decreased 25.68%, 31.35%; 32.12% and 21.78%, respectively, when comparing T1 and T3. In cream, there was a linear reduction of the fatty acids of short and medium chain, as well as saturated fatty acids and the ratio saturated fatty acid / unsaturated fatty acids (SFA / UFA) in 41.07%; 23.82%; 15.91% and 35.59% respectively, while long chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids 41.40% increased linearly; 28.24% and 32.07%, in that order, when comparing T1 to T3. The index atherogenicity and thrombogenicity reduced linearly, while the ratio h / H (ratio hypocholesterolemic hypercholesterolemic fatty acids) increased linearly. The physical and chemical composition of both derivatives and the income of mozzarella no significant effect with the inclusion of canola oil, except the crude protein of mozzarella that showed a linear increase and fat cream which showed a quadratic effect. Microbiological analyzes show very high scores of microorganisms, suggesting that the products do not present microbiological quality, due to the absence of the cream pasteurization process and low efficiency of the thermal treatment of the milk for the production of mozzarella. We conclude that the addition of canola oil in the diet of lactating cows provides mozzarella and healthier cream for human consumption, as presented richer lipid profile in unsaturated fatty acids, as well as omega-3 series and oleic acid, however because of processing problems, the products obtained are not apt for consumption due to the lack of microbiological quality.

Hábitos de vida saudáveis e uma dieta balanceada aliados ao alto consumo de frutas e vegetais, estão associados a redução do risco de doenças e à manutenção da saúde. O óleo de abacate possui em sua composição substâncias bioativas capazes de prevenir e controlar as dislipidemias. Como existem poucas pesquisas científicas avaliando o potencial deste óleo para consumo humano, o presente trabalho estudou os processos de extração e refino do óleo de abacate, bem como suas propriedades funcionais. Os resultados mostraram que os processos de extração e refino do óleo a partir da variedade Margarida são tecnicamente viáveis, o que o torna excelente matéria-prima para a indústria alimentícia. Além disso, possui um perfil de ácidos graxos muito semelhantes ao azeite de oliva, predominando em ambos o ácido oléico, que em conjunto com os esteróis vegetais e a vitamina E presentes, é capaz de influenciar positivamente o controle metabólico do colesterol, prevenindo ou retardando as doenças cardiovasculares. / Healthy life habits and an equilibrate diet, associated with a high fruit and vegetable intake, are joined with the prevention of diseases and health maintenance. The avocado oil has in these composition bioactives substances that can help in the prevention and control of hyperlipidemia. As there are a few scientific researches evaluating the oil potential for human consumption, the present proposal studied the extraction and refining process of avocado oil and its functional properties. The results have been showed that extraction and refining process of Margarida's variety are technically possible, became it an excellent raw material for food industry. Besides, the fatty acid composition of avocado oil are similar to olive oil, predominating in both, the oleic acid, that together of sterols and vitamin E presents, can to influence to metabolic control of cholesterol, preventing or delaying the cardiovascular disease.

A obesidade é atualmente um dos problemas públicos de saúde mais visível e negligenciado. Ainda, essa condição pode causar sérios problemas de saúde como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, hipertensão arterial e diversos problemas fisiológicos. Dietas alimentares e/ou o uso de fármacos tem demonstrado pouca eficiência (e grandes efeitos colaterais) em reduzir a incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade no mundo. Dessa forma outras estratégias são requeridas para auxiliar no controle desta epidemia global. Nesse contexto, alguns ácidos graxos específicos podem desempenhar um importante papel na regulação da expressão de genes que possuem a habilidade de modular metabolismo. O ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA, 18:2) e o ácido oléico (18:1) tem sido descritos com propriedades anti-obesidade: a respeito de CLA, são bem conhecidos os seus efeitos adipotróficos; quanto ao oléico, são bem conhecidos os seus efeitos anti-diabetes; outros efeitos desses ácidos graxos sobre o metabolismo corporal são desconhecidos ou controversos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação da dieta de camundongos (C57bl6) com esses dois ácidos graxos, individualmente ou em conjunto, na modulação do metabolismo corporal e mitocondrial como uma possível estratégia de combate à obesidade. Foram analisados parâmetros bioquímicos, moleculares, fisiológicos, morfológicos e funcionais. Nossos resultados demonstram que o ácido graxo indutor de aumento do gasto energético corporal e mitocondrial hepático é o CLA e não o oléico; quando suplementados em conjunto, os efeitos metabólicos do CLA se sobrepõem aos do oléico, mantendo esses metabolismos elevados. O aumento de metabolismo mitocondrial está relacionado ao aumento de expressão/atividade de proteínas desacopladoras, as quais parecem ser controladas por espécies reativas de O2 mitocondriais. Demonstramos também que no tecido adiposo branco o ácido oléico não exerce efeitos atróficos como o CLA, os quais estão relacionados a inibição da expressão de PPAR1. Por outro lado, verificamos que a suplementação conjunta com ácido oléico previne efeitos adversos da suplementação da dieta com CLA, como a hipertrofia hepática e resistência a insulina. Concluímos dessa forma que a suplementação da dieta com CLA aumenta o metabolismo corporal e mitocondrial; a suplementação com ácido oléico em conjunto não potencializa os efeitos do CLA, porém previne seus efeitos adversos como a hipertrofia hepática e resistência a insulina. Em conjunto esses ácidos graxos constituem uma boa estratégia alimentar contra o ganho de peso corporal. / Obesity is one of the major public health problems. This condition can leads to the development of other complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension. Diet and/or drug treatments have shown low efficiency (and major side effects) in reducing the incidence of overweight and obesity in worldwide. On the other hand, some specific fatty acids may play an important role regulating the expression of genes that modulate the metabolism. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 18:2) and oleic acid (18:1) have been known for their anti-obesity properties: CLA is well described inducer of atrophy in adipose tissue, while oleic acid is known by its anti-diabetic effects; other effects of these fatty acids on body metabolism are unknown or controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a murine diet supplemented with CLA and oleic acid, individually or together, in the modulation of body and mitochondrial metabolism. Biochemical, molecular, physiological, morphological and functional parameters were analyzed in mice. Our results show that CLA, and not oleic acid, is the fatty acid inductor of increase in body metabolism and liver mitochondrial energy expenditure; when supplemented together, the metabolic effects of CLA overlap the oleic effects, maintaining the high metabolism. Increased mitochondrial metabolism is associated with an increased expression/activity of uncoupling proteins, which appear to be controlled by mitochondrial oxygen reactive species. It was also demonstrated that, in white adipose tissue, oleic acid exerts no atrophic effects as compared to CLA, which are related to inhibition of PPAR1 expression. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the supplementation with oleic acid prevents adverse effects of dietary supplementation with CLA, such as liver hypertrophy and insulin resistance in mice. In conclusion, supplementing the murine diet with CLA increases body and mitochondrial metabolism and reduces the adiposity; in addition, supplementation with oleic acid does not potentialize the metabolic effects of CLA, but prevents its adverse effects. Together CLA and oleic in conjunction appears as a good dietary strategy against the excessive weight gain.

A aterosclerose é classificada como enfermidade crônica não transmissível e é considerada uma das principais causas de morte e morbidade em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. Entre as possíveis causas de sua gênese está o hábito alimentar, especificamente o consumo de ácidos graxos, principalmente saturados e trans. Ácidos graxos saturados possuem características biológicas e fisico-químicas diferentes dos insaturados. Os mais abundantes na dieta humana são o palmítico e esteárico. Sua associação com acometimentos cardiovasculares vem sendo cada vez mais investigada, principalmente os que possuem mais de dez carbonos em sua cadeia interferindo no metabolismo de lipoproteínas podendo desencadear todo o processo aterosclerótico. A indústria de alimentos vem desenvolvendo algumas tecnologias opcionais para reduzir ou eliminar ácidos graxos trans, em especial, o elaídico, dentre elas a modificação no processo de hidrogenação que aumenta a quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados. Alguns alimentos industrializados necessitam de uma grande quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados promovendo um aumento no teor de ácido palmítico e esteárico, sendo este último considerado um ácido graxo saturado neutro, mas dependendo da concentração utilizada, pode contribuir no decréscimo da HDL-c (High Density Lipoprotein), dentre outras alterações deletérias. Desta forma, investigar as alterações de determinados parâmetros biológicos diante da mudança da proporção de ácidos graxos saturados, respeitando o teor total de lipídios de uma dieta é a base deste estudo. Foram realizados ensaios em material biológico para a determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: 1) Atividade de enzimas antioxidantes; 2) Peroxidação lipídica em tecidos; 3) Lipidograma; 4) Determinação do perfil de ácidos graxos de tecidos e rações e 5) Expressão de genes relacionados com o processo aterosclerótico (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD36 e MCP-1). A determinação da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes foi realizada considerando somente as enzimas Catalase (CAT) e Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), por se tratarem de enzimas com alteração expressiva no processo aterogênico, na ocorrência de disfunção endotelial. Neste trabalho, foi analisada a atividade das referidas enzimas no tecido hepático e cardíaco, onde não foram constatadas alterações. O mesmo processo biológico que estimula a produção excessiva de espécies reativas pode levar ao aumento da peroxidação lipídica, principalmente de ácidos graxos polinsaturados das membranas celulares, em tecidos como fígado, cérebro e coração. A peroxidação lipídica apresentou diferenças significativas no tecido hepático. O grupo alimentado com ração enriquecida com tripalmitato apresentou peroxidação lipídica aumentada em relação ao grupo controle. Correlacionando com o perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido hepático, notamos que houve maior incorporação de ácido palmítico nesse tecido, que por apresentar configuração linear, quando incorporado à membrana celular, pode levar à disfunção e possível suscetibilidade a danos, como a peroxidação. No tecido cardíaco e no tecido cerebral não foram observadas alterações e diferenças entre os tratamentos. O lipidograma consiste na quantificação de lipoproteínas e frações lipídicas, compondo o perfil lipídico no plasma sanguíneo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o colesterol total foi significativamente menor no grupo controle, assim como triacilglicerol e LDL colesterol (LDL-c). Já HDL colesterol (HDL-c) está reduzida no grupo que recebeu ração suplementada com ácido palmítico, assim como este grupo apresentou parâmetros aumentados nas dosagens de triacilglicerol e colesterol total. Os grupos alimentados com ração suplementada com triestearato e trioleato apresentaram resultados intermediários para a dosagem de HDL-c, com valores tendendo ao grupo suplementado com tripalmitato. Em relação à dosagem de LDL-c, foi constatada diferença entre os grupos suplementados e o grupo controle. Destaca-se que não houve diferença entre a dosagem entre os grupos suplementados. Portanto, o grupo alimentado com dieta enriquecida com ácido oleico (monoinsaturado) equipara-se aos grupos alimentados com dietas enriquecidas com ácido esteárico e palmítico (saturados). O perfil de ácidos graxos do tecido hepático mostrou uma porcentagem elevada de ácido palmítico no grupo alimentado com ração enriquecida com o mesmo ácido graxo, com diferença estatística em relação aos demais grupos. Já em relação ao ácido esteárico, não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Em compensação, o teor de ácido oleico no grupo suplementado com este mesmo ácido graxo e com ácido palmítico foi significativamente diferente em relação aos demais, com valores superiores. Este resultado demonstra que não houve dessaturação do ácido esteárico a oleico, ao menos neste modelo. No tecido cardíaco, foi observado o mesmo comportamento. No tecido cardíaco não houve diferença estatística significativa da concentração de ácidos graxos, indicando que não houve incorporação ou dessaturação. Ressalta-se que de acordo com determinação realizada utilizando a técnica de cromatografia gasosa, as rações apresentavam em sua composição o teor de lipídios adequado ao modelo animal e as proporções de ácidos graxos alteradas como proposto no objetivo deste trabalho. Em relação às moléculas de adesão e quimiocinas (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CD-36 e MCP-1) relacionadas com o processo aterosclerótico, houve somente alteração na molécula CD-36 no grupo alimentado com ração enriquecida com trioleato, com redução em relação aos demais. Mas, as moléculas de adesão relacionadas com o processo inicial da aterogênese, a expressão gênica realizada através da técnica de q-RT-PCR não foi relevante, não apresentando diferença entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se, portanto, que os tratamentos aplicados ao modelo animal selecionado possui o potencial de alterar lipoproteínas plasmáticas, mas não de manter a continuidade e desencadear o processo inflamatório relacionado à aterogênese. / Atherosclerosis is chronic a non-communicable disease considered one of a major cause of morbidity and mortality in several countries, including Brazil. Among all the possible causes of their genesis the dietary habit of high fatty acid intake, especially saturated and trans fatty acids is the most important. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids possess different biological and physicochemical characteristics. The most abundant fatty acid in the human diet are palmitic and stearic and they association with cardiovascular events has been increasingly investigated, especially those one with more than ten carbons in its chain which interfers in the lipoproteins metabolism and can initiate the atherosclerotic process. The food industry has developed some optional technologies to reduce or eliminate the presence of trans fatty acids in foods, in particular elaidic, which after the hydrogenation process increases the saturated fatty acids content. Some industrialized foods requires a large amount of saturated fatty acids that promote an increase of palmitic and stearic content, the last fatty acid mentioned is considered a neutral saturated fatty acid that can contribute to the decrease in HDL-c (High Density lipoprotein), depending on the concentration used, among other deleterious changes. Thus, investigate changes of specifics biological parameters in response to consumption of different saturated fatty acids, respecting the total content of lipids in a normolipidic diet is the aim of this study. Assays were conducted to determine the following parameters in the tissues: 1) Activity of antioxidant enzymes, 2) Lipid peroxidation, 3) Lipidogram; 4) Fatty acid composition 5) Expression of genes related the atherosclerotic process (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD36 and MCP- 1). The determination of the activity of antioxidant enzymes was carried out considering only the enzymes Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), because they are enzymes more sensitive and readily available in changes resulted of an atherosclerotic process with endothelial dysfunction. In the study, no changes were observed in activity of these enzymes in the liver and heart. The same biological process that stimulates the overproduction of reactive species can lead to increased lipid peroxidation, especially of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in cell membranes of tissues such as liver, brain and heart. The group fed with diet enriched with tripalmitate showed increased lipid peroxidation compared to control group. Correlating this information with the fatty acid profile in liver tissue, we noted that there was a greater incorporation of palmitic acid, which exhibit linear configuration when incorporated into the cell membrane and can lead to dysfunction and higher susceptibility to damages such as oxidation. No differences were observed in the others tissues analyzed. The lipidogram is the quantification of lipoprotein and lipid fractions, composing the lipid profile in blood plasma. The results showed that total cholesterol was significantly lower in the control group, as well triglyceride and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is reduced and triacylglycerol and cholesterol increased n the group fed with diet supplemented with palmitic. The groups fed with diets supplemented with tristearate and trioleate presented intermediate results for the measurement of HDL-c, with values tending to the group supplemented with tripalmitate. Regarding LDL-c levels, significant differences were observed between the supplemented groups and the control group. Emphasis that there was no difference between the dosage between the supplemented groups. Therefore, the group fed with oleic acid (monounsaturated) supplemented diet equates to the groups fed with diets enriched with stearic and palmitic acid (saturated). The fatty acid profile of liver tissue showed a high percentage of palmitic acid in the group fed with diet enriched with the same fatty acid, with a statistical difference compared to the other groups. In relation to stearic acid, there were no significant differences between groups. As compensation, the oleic acid content in the group supplemented with the same fatty acid and palmitic acid was significantly higher when compared to the others. This result demonstrates that no desaturation of stearic acid to oleic happened in this experimental model. In cardiac tissue there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of fatty acids, indicating no incorporation or desaturation. Regarding adhesion molecules and chemokines (VCAM-1, ICAM- 1, CD-36 and MCP-1) related to the atherosclerotic process, there was only change in the gene expression of CD-36 molecule in the group fed diet enriched with trioleate, with reduction in relation to others. No other alterations were observed. In conclusion, we verified that the consumption of the different fatty acids in this experimental model has potential to alter lipoproteins levels but not to iniciate or maintain the inflammatory process associated with atherogenesis.