Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_f_dr_jabo.pdf: 2288242 bytes, checksum: 5343c7ab9eb841e9161d3145390632b0 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade do modelo de crescimento exponencial no estudo da eficiência da suplementação alimentar com mananoligossacarídeo e 'beta'-glucano para tilápias do Nilo criadas em tanques-rede. O experimento foi realizado em piscicultura de criação de tilápias em tanques-rede, no município de Zacarias, SP. Foram utilizadas tilápias jovens, com peso inicial de 25,4 ± 2,04 g, distribuídas em 12 tanques-rede de 2 x 2 x 1,5 m, com volume útil de 6 m3 e densidade de 2500 peixes por tanque. Para estudo das curvas de crescimento, realizou-se a biometria individual de uma amostra aleatória de 5 % dos peixes de cada unidade experimental. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que a adição de 2000 mg de suplemento/kg de ração incrementa a taxa de crescimento de tilápias do Nilo criadas em sistema de tanques-rede e que o modelo de curvas exponenciais pode ser usado para comparar a eficiência de diferentes dietas em estudos de nutrição de peixes. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the exponential growth model applicability to study feed supplementation efficiency with mannan oligosaccharide and 'beta'-glucan in Nile tilapia raised in net cage. The trial was carried out in a cage fish farm, at Zacarias city, SP. Juveniles tilapia (initial weigh 25,4 ± 2,04 g) were distributed in 12 cages (2 x 2 x 1,5 m), with 6 m3 volume and stock density of 2500 fish per cage. To evaluate the exponential growth model, a randomized sample of 5 % fish was collected for individual biometry in each experimental unit. The results show that 2000 mg of supplement/kg diet increase the growth ratio of Nile tilapias raised in net cage and the exponential growth model can be used to compare efficiency of different diets in nutrition studies.

Submitted by FRANCIANE CRISTINA DE FIGUEIREDO null (francf_4@hotmail.com) on 2016-05-09T18:39:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Efeito prebiótico de xilo-oligossacarídeos produzidos a partir da hemicelulose do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar utilizando extração alcalina e hidrólise de xilanases fúngicas.pdf: 1560444 bytes, checksum: 8ceefe052a8a84e57864dcbc36d1e6d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-12T19:20:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_fc_me_rcla.pdf: 1560444 bytes, checksum: 8ceefe052a8a84e57864dcbc36d1e6d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T19:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_fc_me_rcla.pdf: 1560444 bytes, checksum: 8ceefe052a8a84e57864dcbc36d1e6d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os xilo-oligossacarídeos (XOs) e fruto-oligossacarídeos (FOs) apresentam atividades prebióticas, favorecendo a melhora nas funções intestinais, ação imunológica, antimicrobiana e outros benefícios à saúde. A produção dos XOs pode ser realizada pela utilização de materiais lignocelulósicos (MLCs). O objetivo deste trabalho foi aperfeiçoar a extração de hemicelulose a partir do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, além de comparar a produção de XOs com xilanases de Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 e Aspergilus fumigatus M51. Foram feitos testes de digestibilidade “in vitro” e também de fermentação “in vitro” com bactérias probióticas e patogênicas para avaliar o potencial prebiótico de XOs produzidos por tratamento alcalino e compará-los com XOs e FOs comerciais. Os pré-tratamentos alcalinos desenvolvidos com 10% de KOH a 70ºC (tratamento 1) e com 5% de KOH a 121ºC (tratamento 3) se mostraram similares ao método que utiliza 24% de KOH a 35ºC (método ZD) para extração de hemicelulose, porém são mais simplificados e econômicos. O tratamento 1 apresentou redução de 54,1% de KOH e 1,98% de etanol e o tratamento 3 reduziu em 76,2% o KOH e 40,9% o etanol. Estes três experimentos de extração de hemicelulose foram selecionados para os testes de hidrólise enzimática com xilanases dos fungos T. reesei e A. fumigatus para produção de XOs. A hidrólise com enzimas de T. reesei se mostrou mais vantajosa apenas para produção de xilose (54,9%) em 24 horas, utilizando-se hemicelulose produzida pelo tratamento número 3. Testes com enzimas de A. fumigatus apresentaram melhor rendimento de XOs (27,1%) em 24 horas e menor rendimento de xilose (19,6%), com hemicelulose do tratamento 1 (XOs LABI). Experimentos de fermentação “in vitro” demonstraram a capacidade de Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium fermentarem XOs e FOs comerciais, destacando-se a preferência de B. breve e L. brevis por XOs comercial, enquanto B. lactis e L. acidophilus demonstraram preferência por FOs comercial. B. longum cresceu tanto nos XOs e FOs comerciais e B. animalis não cresceu em nenhum oligossacarídeo comercial. Salmonella enterica em 4 horas não cresceu quando os oligossacarídeos estavam presentes, diferentes dos meios com outras fontes de carboidratos, comprovando-se a seletividade destes prebióticos por linhagens probióticas. Os XOs LABI não foram capazes de estimular o crescimento da maioria das bactérias probióticas, embora tenham inibido o crescimento de S. enterica e resistido à ação de enzimas digestivas. Estes dados indicam a provável ação prebiótica dos XOs LABI e a necessidade de purificação do produto para eliminar possíveis resíduos da extração, os quais inibem fortemente o crescimento dos micro-organismos estudados. / The xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOs) have prebiotic activities, improving bowel function, immunological and antimicrobial activity and other health benefits. XOs production can be accomplished by the use of lignocellulosic materials (LCMs). The goal of this work was to improve the hemicellulose extraction from sugarcane bagasse and to compare the XOs production using xylanases from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and Aspergillus fumigatus M51. We performed "in vitro" digestibility tests and also "in vitro" fermentation with probiotic and pathogenic bacteria to evaluate the prebiotic potential of XOs produced by alkali treatment and compared it with commercial XOs and FOs. Alkaline pretreatments developed with 10% KOH at 70° C (treatment 1) and 5% KOH at 121° C (treatment 3) were similar to the method using 24% KOH at 35° C (ZD method) for hemicellulose extraction, but they were more simplified and economical. Treatment 1 presented a reduction of 54.1% KOH and 1.98% ethanol and treatment 3 reduced KOH in 76.2% and ethanol in 40.9%. These three hemicellulose extraction experiments were selected for XOs production in the enzymatic hydrolysis tests with fungal xylanases of T. reesei and A. fumigatus. Hydrolysis with T. reesei enzymes proved advantageous only for xylose production (54.9%) at 24 hours, using hemicellulose produced by treatment number 3. Testing with A. fumigatus enzymes showed better XOs production (27.1%) at 24 hours and lower release of xylose (19.6%), using hemicellulose obtained by treatment 1 (XOs LABI). Fermentation experiments "in vitro" showed the ability of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to ferment commercial XOs and FOs, emphasizing the preference of L. brevis and B. breve for commercial XOs while B. lactis and L. acidophilus demonstrated preference for commercial FOs. B. longum grew in both XOs and commercial FOs and B. animalis did not grow in any commercial oligosaccharide. Regarding the cultivation of Salmonella enterica, in four hours there was no growth where oligosaccharides were present, opposed to medium with other sources of carbohydrate, confirming the selectivity of this prebiotic by probiotic bacteria. XOs LABI were not able to stimulate the growth of most probiotic bacteria, although they inhibited the growth of S. enterica and resisted the digestives enzymes. These results indicate the probable prebiotic action of XOs LABI and the need of purification to eliminate possible residues from the extraction, which strongly inhibit the growth of the microorganisms studied.

Le cancer est une cause majeure de mortalité dans le monde. Bien que les taux de décès aient fortement diminués grâce aux diagnostiques précoces et la mise au point de traitements multiples, les récidives sont fréquentes. Parmi les principaux traitements, la chimiothérapie présente une toxicité extrêmement élevée et la radiothérapie conduit souvent à la destruction de tissus sains, alors que des tumeurs errantes peuvent échapper à la chirurgie. L'immunothérapie offre une l'alternative particulièrement intéressante pour combattre le cancer. En particulier, le développement de vaccins thérapeutiques et/ou prophylactiques capables de traiter, et idéalement, protéger efficacement contre de tumeurs représente un objectif ambitieux. Notre équipe a décrit récemment une nouvelle génération de vaccins synthétiques qui incorporent dans la même molécule un cluster d'oligosaccharides (épitopes des cellules B), un peptide chimère (épitopes des cellules T) et un acide palmitique (adjuvant) lié à son extrémité N-terminale. Les études immunologiques ont révélé une régression tumorale et une augmentation spectaculaire du taux de survie chez la souris, sans administration d'adjuvants externes.Sur la base de ces travaux, notre objectif a été de développer une approche chimique qui permette d'accéder à des structures plus sophistiquées et plus immunogènes. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point des méthodologies de synthèse chimiosélectives telles que la ligation oxime (OL), la cycloaddition alcyne-azoture catalysée par le Cu(I) (CuAAc), le couplage thiol-chloroacétyle (TCC) et/ou le couplage thiol-ène (TEC) pour préparer des homoglycoclusters (4-, 16- ou 64-valent) ou d'hétéroglycocluster de combinaison variable (2+2, 3+1, 4+2, 8+8, 4x1 et 4x4) via différents types de liens chimiques (oxime, triazole, thioéther). Ces méthodes ont été appliquées à la synthèse de candidats vaccins portant les marqueurs osidiques Tn et/ou TF et un peptide immunostimulant. Des études biologiques avec des lectines bactériennes (LecB) ou végétale (UEA-I) ont été réalisées pour valoriser les composés glycosylés modèles (Fuc, Man, Gal) synthétisés au cours de cette thèse et ont permis de découvrir de ligands nanomolaires. Les études immunologiques actuellement en cours avec nos candidats vaccins permettront quant à elles de déterminer l'influence du linker, de la valence et de la composition en antigène sur la réponse immunitaire induite. / Cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Even if the rate of deaths has decreased thanks to early diagnostics and the creation of a variety of treatments, reccurence happen frequently. Among the main treatments, chimiotherapy shows a very high toxicity and radiotherapy often leads to the destruction of healthy cells, while released tumors can be left around by surgery. Immunotherapy offers a very interesting alternative to fight cancer. The development of therapeutical and/or prophylactical vaccines, able to treat and protect against tumors, seems to be an ambitious goal. Our team has recently described a new generation of synthetical vaccines which involve in the same molecule an oligosaccharide cluster (B cells epitopes), a chimer peptide (T cells epitopes) and a palmitic acid (adjuvant), bound on its N-terminal end. Immunological studies have revealed a reduction of the tumor size and a spectacular increase of the survival rate on mice, without having to administrate any extern adjuvant. On the basis of these studies, our goal has been to develop a chemical approach which would give access to more sophisticated and more immunogenic structures. To do this, we have developed methodologies of chemoselective synthesis, such as oxime ligation, Cu(I) catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, (CuAAc), the thiol-chloroacétyle (TCC) and/or the thiol-ène coupling (TEC), to prepare homoglycoclusters (4-, 16- or 64- valent) or heteroglycoclusters of variable combination (2+2, 3+1, 4+2, 4x1, 8+8, 4x4) via different kind of chemical links (oxime, triazole, thioéther). These methods have been applied to the synthesis of vaccine candidates having the same carbohydrate Tn and/or TF and an immunostimulating peptide. Some biological studies with bacterial (LecB) or vegetal (UEA-I) lectines have been realised to highlight the glycosylated compounds's templates (Fuc, Man, Gal) synthesized during this PhD and have revealed nanomolar ligands. The immunological studies currently in progress on our vaccine candidates will help to understand the influence of the linker, the valence and the antigen composition on the immune response created.

Orientador: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio / Banca: Antonio Ferriani Branco / Resumo: O objetivo foi o de estudar a introdução de grãos e sub-produtos (farelo ou torta) da canola em dietas para ovinos. Para a avaliação da digestibilidade foram utilizados 6 ovinos da raça Santa Inês machos não-castrados com idade entre 210 e 240 dias, peso corporal médio de 44,8 + 4,2 kg, adotando-se o método de coleta total de fezes. O delineamento foi em 2 Quadrados Latinos 3x3 e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para a avaliação do desempenho e características quantitativas da carcaça, foram confinados 24 borregos machos não-castrados, desmamados com aproximadamente 70 dias de idade, peso corporal médio de 15 + 3 kg, utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram compostas por 40% de feno de capim Tifton e 60% de concentrado composto por milho em grão, farelo de soja, canola em grão integral, farelo de canola, torta de canola e mistura mineral. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE), proteína bruta (PB), energia bruta (EB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos totais (CT) entre os tratamentos experimentais, no ensaio de digestibilidade. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos CG, FC e TC para a digestibiidade da MS, MO, EE, PB, EB, FDN e CT. Durante o experimento de desempenho, observou-se que os tratamentos contendo canola em grão integral apresentaram maiores ganhos de peso (0,24 kg/animal/dia). A conversão alimentar (4,87 kg MS/kg ganho) foi similar entre os tratamentos. A utilização de grãos e subprodutos da canola na dieta de borregos terminados em confinamento não influenciou (P>0,05) as características quantitativas da carcaça. Em relação aos rendimentos dos cortes, não houve efeito dos tratamentos para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim oh this work was to evaluate introduction of grains and by-products (meal or cake) of canola in sheep diets. For digestive evaluate, 6 Santa Inês sheep with initial age and weight of 210 and 240 days and 44.8 + 4.2 kg, adapted to the use of bag, for collect feces. Animals were distributed in a replicated 3x3 Latin Square and means were compared by Tukeyþs test with 5% significance level. For performance evaluating and carcass quantitative characteristics, 24 Santa Ines hogget with initial age and weight of 70 days and 15 + 3kg, according to a completely randomized design. Diets were composed for 40% of Tifton hay and 60% of concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, whole grain canola, canola meal, canola cake and mineral mixture. There were no differences for the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude energy (CE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total carbohydrates (TC) among treatments, in digestibility trial. There were no differences for digestibilities of DM, OM, EE, CP, CE, NDF and TC among treatments. By the performance trial, it was found that diets with whole grain canola showed higher weight gains (0.24 kg/animal/day). Fed conversion (4.87 kg DM/kg gain) was similar among treatments. The use of whole grains and by-products of canola in the diet of lambs finished did not influence in the carcass quantitative characteristics. For the cuts dressing in relation to the CCW, no effect was observed for the analyzed variables among treatments. The evaluate of the non carcass components emphasized the representability of the skin weights (7.13%) in the percent determination. It was concluded that introduction of grains and by-products of canola allow satisfactory results, could be recommended in ration diet sheep formulations. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vc_me_jabo.pdf: 393940 bytes, checksum: 7cb09363e20e95c88d62f6601ea94c50 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo foi o de estudar a introdução de grãos e sub-produtos (farelo ou torta) da canola em dietas para ovinos. Para a avaliação da digestibilidade foram utilizados 6 ovinos da raça Santa Inês machos não-castrados com idade entre 210 e 240 dias, peso corporal médio de 44,8 + 4,2 kg, adotando-se o método de coleta total de fezes. O delineamento foi em 2 Quadrados Latinos 3x3 e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Para a avaliação do desempenho e características quantitativas da carcaça, foram confinados 24 borregos machos não-castrados, desmamados com aproximadamente 70 dias de idade, peso corporal médio de 15 + 3 kg, utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram compostas por 40% de feno de capim Tifton e 60% de concentrado composto por milho em grão, farelo de soja, canola em grão integral, farelo de canola, torta de canola e mistura mineral. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE), proteína bruta (PB), energia bruta (EB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos totais (CT) entre os tratamentos experimentais, no ensaio de digestibilidade. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos CG, FC e TC para a digestibiidade da MS, MO, EE, PB, EB, FDN e CT. Durante o experimento de desempenho, observou-se que os tratamentos contendo canola em grão integral apresentaram maiores ganhos de peso (0,24 kg/animal/dia). A conversão alimentar (4,87 kg MS/kg ganho) foi similar entre os tratamentos. A utilização de grãos e subprodutos da canola na dieta de borregos terminados em confinamento não influenciou (P>0,05) as características quantitativas da carcaça. Em relação aos rendimentos dos cortes, não houve efeito dos tratamentos para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas... / The aim oh this work was to evaluate introduction of grains and by-products (meal or cake) of canola in sheep diets. For digestive evaluate, 6 Santa Inês sheep with initial age and weight of 210 and 240 days and 44.8 + 4.2 kg, adapted to the use of bag, for collect feces. Animals were distributed in a replicated 3x3 Latin Square and means were compared by Tukeyþs test with 5% significance level. For performance evaluating and carcass quantitative characteristics, 24 Santa Ines hogget with initial age and weight of 70 days and 15 + 3kg, according to a completely randomized design. Diets were composed for 40% of Tifton hay and 60% of concentrate based on corn grain, soybean meal, whole grain canola, canola meal, canola cake and mineral mixture. There were no differences for the intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude energy (CE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total carbohydrates (TC) among treatments, in digestibility trial. There were no differences for digestibilities of DM, OM, EE, CP, CE, NDF and TC among treatments. By the performance trial, it was found that diets with whole grain canola showed higher weight gains (0.24 kg/animal/day). Fed conversion (4.87 kg DM/kg gain) was similar among treatments. The use of whole grains and by-products of canola in the diet of lambs finished did not influence in the carcass quantitative characteristics. For the cuts dressing in relation to the CCW, no effect was observed for the analyzed variables among treatments. The evaluate of the non carcass components emphasized the representability of the skin weights (7.13%) in the percent determination. It was concluded that introduction of grains and by-products of canola allow satisfactory results, could be recommended in ration diet sheep formulations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vm_me_jabo.pdf: 497655 bytes, checksum: e6979d309d7d37c73705c1fc6a701945 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram conduzidos três experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes níveis de prebiótico na alimentação de leitões, sobre o desempenho, desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, parâmetros fisiológicos, digestibilidade e metabolismo de suínos. O prebiótico utilizado foi o mananoligossacarídeo MOS. No 1º experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho e a incidência de diarréia em 30 leitões fêmeas, dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 6,28 l 1,40 kg. A utilização de MOS nas rações de leitões recém - desmamados piorou o ganho de peso dos animais dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, porém não teve efeito sobre a incidência de diarréia. No 2º experimento foram avaliadas a morfometria do intestino delgado e mensurados os pesos do fígado e do pâncreas, assim como, o pH dos conteúdos do estômago, intestino delgado e ceco. Foram utilizados 15 leitões fêmeas dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 5,74 l 0,93 kg. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram: Controle positivo CP (Dieta basal + antibiótico); Controle negativo - CN (Dieta basal); CN + 0,25% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,50% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,75% de Prebiótico, e utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso para controlar diferenças inicias de peso. Não foram observadas diferenças em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. No 3º experimento foram determinadas as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia e o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia e a energia metabolizável, das rações controle e com 0,5% de prebiótico. Utilizou-se 16 suínos machos castrados, com peso médio de 24,8 l 2,79 kg, e os blocos controlaram a repetição no tempo... / Three experiments were set to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of mannanoligossacharides (MOS, prebiotic) to the diet of piglets on their performance, development of intestinal mucosa, physiological parameters, digestibility and metabolism.. Corn and soybean meal were the major feed components. The first experiment evaluated the development and occurrence of diarrhea in 30 female piglets at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 6.28 l 1.40 kg. Prebiotic additions to the diets worsen the growth performance of animals in Phase 3, but did not influence on the diarrhea incidence. The second experiment evaluated the morphometry of the small bowel, liver and pancreas weight, and the pH of stomach, small bowel and cecum contents. Fifteen female piglets were used at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 5.74 l 0.93 kg. Both experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design to control initial weight difference, with the following treatments: positive control PC (base diet + antibiotic); negative control - NC (base diet); NC + 0.25% of prebiotic; NC + 0.50% of prebiotic; NC + 0.75% of prebiotic. No significant difference was observed in any of the studied parameters. In the third experiment, nutrient and energy digestibility were determined in feeds containing prebiotic (0.5%) or not (control). Sixteen castrated male pigs weighing 24.8 l 2.79 kg were used, and randomized blocks design was used so blocks controlled replications during time. Nutrient digestibility and feed energy were determined through the total feces collection method, using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficient of the mineral matter and the digestible mineral matter were higher (P<0.05) in the control feed than in the feed containing prebiotic...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Heparin glycosaminoglycans mediate a range of biological events, including anticoagulation as well as a diversity of cell proliferation and differentiation processes. Heparin saccharides have been shown to act as inhibitors against angiogenesis and metastasis of tumour cells. This thesis describes work developing chemistry towards varying length oligosaccharide sequences with potential to offer variable sulfation patterns. The main synthetic components to this work were contribution to developing scalable syntheses of an orthogonally protected L-Iduronic acid unit and a differentially protected D-glucosamine unit. The synthetic work also evaluated a recently reported diazo transfer reagent, which allowed for earlier placement of azide protection over that of previously developed routes within the group. This provided a cheaper, more atom efficient route towards protected D-glucosamine building blocks. Glycosylation of the developed D-GlcN donor units with the L-Ido acceptor allowed the production of key disaccharides which facilitated an efficient iterative glycosylation strategy towards longer oligosaccharides, ultimately providing a differentially protected pentasaccharide. The project evaluated methods towards generating various dimeric heparin type systems through forming new O4 ether linkages between GlcN residues across various short linker fragments. The most successful of these dimerisations used a methallyl dichloride core which allowed for further derivatisation towards dihydroxylated species, the analysis of which highlighted some interesting proton NMR data. The final aspect of this project began development of chemistry towards non-reducing end-labelled oligosaccharide sequences by implementation of a masked aldehyde unit on the C4 hydroxyl of GlcN synthesised from the allylated GlcN precursor via dihydroxylation chemistry. Incorporation of this moiety (protected as a 1,2-dibenzyl glycol) within both a trisaccharide and a pentasaccharide was achieved. Further development of this chemistry should allow for late step oxidative cleavage to reveal the reactive aldehyde, potentially allowing for attachment of various amine functionalised fluorophores via reductive amination. Radiolabelling of such a species should also be possible through sodium borotritide reduction for example.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal