Submitted by MARIANE MAFFEI AZUMA null (mariane_azuma@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-17T00:34:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 16-10-17 TESE-Mariane.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-18T19:09:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 azuma_mm_dr_araca.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T19:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 azuma_mm_dr_araca.pdf: 56309410 bytes, checksum: 029a387b6b6982b449c514285f1d5efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 no processo inflamatório local e sistêmico de ratos com periodontite apical (PA). Foram utilizados 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar distribuídos em quatro grupos (n= 10): ratos controle (C); ratos suplementados com ômega-3 (C-O); ratos com PA induzida (PA); ratos com PA induzida suplementados com ômega-3 (PA-O). Para a indução da PA, as polpas dentárias foram expostas ao meio bucal durante 30 dias. O ômega-3 foi administrado pelo método gavage, uma vez ao dia, 15 dias antes da exposição pulpar e 30 dias depois da exposição pulpar. Após este período, o sangue foi coletado, por meio de punção cardíaca, para a realização do hemograma e quantificação sérica das citocinas pró-inflamatórias fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-), Interleucina 6 (IL-6) e Interleucina 17 (IL-17), pelo método ELISA. Após a coleta sanguínea, os ratos foram eutanasiados e as maxilas e mandíbulas foram coletadas e submetidas a processamento para análise histológica, em hematoxilina e eosina, bem como análise imunoistoquímica para os marcadores fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartrato (TRAP), osteocalcina (OCN), TNF-, IL-6, IL-17, Interleucina 1 (IL-1) e Interleucina 10 (IL-10). Os resultados foram analisados por testes estatísticos específicos para cada caso (p<0,05). O grupo PA apresentou infiltrado inflamatório mais intenso, bem como maior área de reabsorção óssea na região periapical quando comparado ao grupo PA-O (p<0,05). Além disso, observou-se maior número de osteoclastos e citocinas pró-inflamatórias, representadas por TNF-, IL-1, IL-6 e IL-17, bem como menor número de osteoblastos e da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 no grupo PA quando comparado ao grupo PA-O (p<0,05). Em relação às alterações sistêmicas, a presença de quatro focos de PA aumentou os níveis séricos de leucócitos, linfócitos, monócitos, TNF- e IL-6 (p<0,05) e a suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 diminuiu os níveis séricos de leucócitos e linfócitos de ratos com PA (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a suplementação alimentar com os ácidos graxos ômega-3 reduz o processo inflamatório e a reabsorção óssea da região periapical, bem como as células inflamatórias do sangue, de ratos com infecção endodôntica. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplement omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the local and systemic inflammatory response of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). Forty male rats were divided into groups: control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with omega 3 alone (C-O), rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP), and rats with pulp exposure-induced AP treated with omega 3 (AP-O). The pulps were exposed to the oral environment during 30 days for the development of AP. Omega 3 was administered by gavage method, once a day, for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, 30 days after pulp exposure. After 30 days, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and subjected to blood count and the serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Interleukin 17 (IL-17) were measured using ELISA method. Subsequently, rats were killed and maxillae and jaws were collected and subjected to histologic analysis, using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed in order to detect TRAP-positive osteoclast cells (TRAP), Osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts cells (OCN), TNF-, IL-6, IL-17, Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10). Results from the different analysis were subjected to statistical analysis, using specific statistical methods according to each analysis (p<0.05). AP group showed more severe inflammatory infiltrate as well as higher area of bone resorption in the periapical region compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of TRAP-positive cells as well as proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 were higher in AP group compared to AP-O group (p <0.05). In addition, the number of OCN-positive cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased in AP group compared to AP-O group (p<0.05). Regarding systemic alterations, the presence of four AP focus increased the serum levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, TNF-, and IL-6 (p<0.05). The dietary supplement with omega 3 decreased the serum levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes of rats with AP (p<0.05). It may be concluded that the dietary supplement with omega 3 fatty acids decrease the inflammatory process and the pathological bone resorption in the periapical region, as well as serum inflammatory cells of rats with apical periodontitis. / FAPESP: 2013/26390-0 / FAPESP: 2015/07107-0

Foram utilizadas 288 galinhas poedeiras Babcock, durante o periodo de 9 semanas, com o objetivo de se verificar o efeito de teores crescentes de linhaça, associados ou não ao óleo de peixe na ração, sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos do ovo. Paralelamente, avaliou-se o desempenho das aves, qualidade externa e interna, características sensoriais e teor de colesterol dos ovos. Foi empregado esquema fatorial 2X6 em blocos casualizados, sendo as aves alimentadas com dieta controle (isenta de produtos de origem animal) contendo linhaça moída (0%, 7%, 14%,21%, 28% e 35%), adicionada ou não de óleo de peixe (2%). O peso dos ovos sofreu redução significativa (p<0,05) a partir do uso de 21% de linhaça na ração, e de 14% quando da associação com o óleo de peixe. A postura das aves foi reduzida com a utilização de 28% e 35% de linhaça na ração, independentemente do uso de óleo de peixe na dieta. A qualidade dos ovos não foi alterada com o uso de ambos ingredientes e o teor de colesterol, expresso em mg/g, foi significativamente aumentado com 35% de linhaça. O teor de ácido linolênico na gema sofreu aumento crescente com a elevação da concentração dietética de linhaça, sendo sua deposição acentuada com a adição concomitante de óleo de peixe. A porcentagem de EPA (ácido eicosapentaenóico) na gema foi significativamente elevada com a utilização de 35% de linhaça na ração, sendo que o uso combinado de óleo de peixe determinou incremento do EPA a partir de 7% de linhaça na dieta. A concentração de DHA (ácido docosahexaenóico) na gema foi significativamente aumentada a partir de 7% de linhaça dietética, sendo este incremento mais marcante com a associação do óleo de peixe. O óleo de peixe e a linhaça na ração determinaram relação ômega-6/ômega-3 (n-6/n-3) estreita na gema, de acordo com recomendações nutricionais vigentes. As equações de regressão permitem estimar os teores de ácido Iinolênico, EPA, DHA, ácido araquidônico, total de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) n-3 e relação n-6/n-3 na gema a partir de concentrações de linhaça e de ácido linolênico na ração. O sabor de peixe foi detectado nos ovos provenientes dos grupos alimentados com óleo de peixe combinado com 28 e 35% de linhaça. Para se maximizar os teores de PUFAs n-3, especialmente os de cadeia longa, sem resultar em prejuízo do desempenho produtivo e do sabor dos ovos, a combinação de 2% de óleo de peixe com 7% de linhaça na ração mostrou ser a mais adequada. / To investigate the effect of increasing levels of dietary flaxseed, combined or not with fish oil, upon fatty acid composition of eggs, 288 Babcock laying hens were used for a 9 week experimental period. Reproductive performance of hens, internal and external egg quality, egg flavor, and yolk cholesterol levels were evaluated. The experiment had a 2X6 factorial design, hens were fed a basal diet (without animal products) supplemented with ground flaxseed (0%, 7%, 14%,21%,28% and 35%), combined or not with fish oil (2%). Egg weight was significantly decreased (p<0,05) frem 21% dietary flaxseed, and from 14% when fish oil was added to the diet. In birds fed either 28% or 35% flaxseed, egg production was depressed, regardless of the addition of fish oil. Feeding diets containing both fat sources did not affect egg quality, and yolk cholesterol content (mg/g) was significantly increased in eggs laid by hens fed 35% flaxseed. Yolk concentrations of linolenic acid were enhanced as a result of feeding hens increasing levels of dietary flaxseed, and its deposition was markedly increased when fish oil was included in the diet. Yolk contents of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) were significantly increased when diets included 35% flaxseed, and the combination with fish oil produced enhanced levels of EPA from 7% dietary flaxseed. Egg contents of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) were significantly increased from 7% dietary flaxseed, and the deposition of such n-3 fatty acid was greater when in combination with fish oil. Dietary fish oil and flaxseed caused a narrow ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, meeting the current dietary allowances. Regression equations allow to predict contents of linolenic acid, EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid, total of n-3 fatty acids and ratio of n-6 to n-3 in the yolk from levels of dietary flaxseed or linolenic acid. Fishy flavor was detected in eggs from hens fed 2% fish oil combined with flaxseed at 28 or 35%. In order to maximize the content of n-3, mainly the longer chain n-3 fatty acids, without impairing performance parameters and egg flavor, the combination of 2% fish oil and 7% flaxseed in the hen\'s diet is the most appropriate.

Doctorat en Sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador : Admar Costa de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T14:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_FlaviaQueirogaAranhade_D.pdf: 8110954 bytes, checksum: f73d7dc068fcb0d734553e9c7d6917da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: O objetivo, deste trabalho, foi estudar o possível efeito protetor da vitamina E sobre a oxidação lipídica no sangue e no fígado de ratos Wistar, alimentados conforme dietas AIN93-G e suplementados por gavagem com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3. Para o primeiro ensaio biológico, foram utilizados 60 ratos machos albinos, recém-desmamados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos experimentais, no qual foram divididos, de acordo com a quantidade de suplemento e marca, com e sem vitamina E: GRUPO 1 - Controle -Suplementação com 2 g/dia de óleo de soja; GRUPO 2 - Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca A com vitamina E (120 mg/dia); GRUPO 3 - Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca B, sem vitamina E; GRUPO 4 - Suplementação com 1 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca A, com vitamina E (60 mg/dia); GRUPO 5 - Suplementação com 1 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca B, sem vitamina E; GRUPO 6 - -Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca B, sem vitamina E, por um período de 30 dias e, posteriormente, durante 15 dias, suplementação com vitamina E (marca C - 400 mg de acetato de DL-?--tocoferol). Nesse grupo, não houve sacrificio de animais no Tempo 1. Foram realizadas análises em três tempos: T0 - valor de referência após 3 dias em adaptação com dieta basal (sacrificados 12 animais, n=12); T1, com 30 dias de suplementação (sacrificados 4 animais por grupo, n=8), e T2, aos 45 dias de suplementação (sacrificados 4 animais por grupo, n=4). Para o segundo ensaio biológico, foram utilizados 80 ratos machos albinos, da linhagem Wistar, recém--desmamados. Inicialmente os 80 animais foram pesados e submetidos a um período de aclimatação ao ambiente, em gaiolas de crescimento individuais, durante 8 dias, em dieta não purificada de fórmula fechada Nuvital® para ganho de peso; em seguida, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais, com 16 animais por grupo; os mesmos permaneceram por 4 dias em adaptação recebendo dieta basal e, ao final desse período, era feito o alinhamento do peso, retirando 4 animais por grupo, que foram sacrificados para análise lipídica do sangue e fígado; essa análise foi considerada "valor de referência" e denominada "Tempo 0". Permaneceram 64 animais (16 animais por grupo) dos quais, após 30 dias de experimento foram retirados 8 animais por grupo, para análise de sangue e fígado, denominado "Tempo 1", e, após 15 dias, foi feita mais uma análise, denominada "Tempo 2", nos animais restantes por grupo, para as avaliações dos perfis lipídicos sérico e hepático, dos lípides totais, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 e dosagem de vitamina E, como também a ação antioxidante da vitamina E. Os animais foram suplementados por gavagem, durante 45 dias consecutivos, por via oral. Os grupos experimentais, em estudo, foram divididos de acordo com a quantidade de suplemento com e sem vitamina E: GRUPO 1 - Controle - suplementação com 2 g/dia de óleo de soja; GRUPO 2 - Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca A, com vitamina E (120 mg/dia); GRUPO 3 - Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca B, sem vitamina E; GRUPO 4 - -Suplementação com 2 g/dia de ácidos graxos ômega-3 da marca B, sem vitamina E, por um período de 30 dias e posteriormente durante 15 dias, suplementação com vitamina E (marca C - 400 mg de acetato de DL-?- tocoferol). Nesse grupo, não houve sacrifício de animais no Tempo 1. No que diz respeito ao efeito antioxidante da vitamina E, nos teores de índice de peróxido (IP) e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), observou- se que, nos grupos experimentais que receberam suplementação de AGPI ?-3 sem vitamina E, os teores de índice de peróxido e também os teores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico apresentaram valores muito superiores do que nos grupos experimentais que receberam suplementos de AGPI (?-3 com vitamina E. Assim, verificou-se que a vitamina E mostrou uma proteção efetiva contra a oxidação lipídica, em ratos Wistar, suplementados com produtos à base de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI) ômega-3 (? - 3). Observou-se que não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05), nas médias no consumo de dieta (g) e do ganho de peso (g), entre os grupos em estudo, mostrando que as suplementações à base de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ?-3, com e sem vitamina E, não interferiram nessas variáveis; que o tempo de suplementação com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 não foi capaz de melhorar o perfil lipídico sérico dos ratos, observando-se apenas uma redução dos teores de LDL-colesterol sérico dos ratos. A suplementação com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 não reduziu os teores hepáticos do colesterol total e triacilgliceróis dos ratos. Com relação à variação dos teores no sangue e no figado dos ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados, observou-se que, ao longo da suplementação de 45 dias com AGPI ?-3, houve um aumento nos teores de ácidos graxos saturados palmítico, esteárico e dos insaturados, ácido oléico, ?-linolênico e DHA. A adição da vitamina E não interferiu nos teores encontrados. Tendo em vista os resultados encontrados, fica a recomendação de que, ao fazer uso de suplementação com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3, sob forma concentrada em cápsulas gelatinosas, a mesma deve estar associada com vitamina E, para evitar os riscos de oxidação ao nível celular e, com isso, causar efeitos danosos a saúde / Abstract: The objective of this research was to study a possible protective effect of vitamin E against lipid oxidation in the blood and liver of Wistar rats fed on a AIN93-G diet supplemented by gavagem with polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. For the first biological assay, 60 albino recent1y weaned male Wistar rats were used, distributed at random into 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups under study were divided according to the amount and brand of supplement, with and without vitamin E: GROUP 1 - Control - supplementation with 2 g/day soybean oil; GROUP 2 - supplementation with 2 g/day brand A omega-3 fatty acids with vitamin E (120 mg/day); GROUP 3 - supplementation with 2 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E; GROUP 4 -supplementation with 1 g/day brand A omega-3 fatty acids with vitamin E (60 mg/day); GROUP 5 - supplementation with 1 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E; GROUP 6 ¿ supplementation with 2 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E for a period of 30 days and subsequent1y for 15 days with vitamin E (brand C - 400 mg DL-?-tocopherol). In this group no animals were sacrificed at Time 1. In the second biological assay, 80 albino recently weaned male Wistar rats were used. Analyses were carried out at 3 points in time: TO - reference value after 3 days of adaptation on the basal diet (12 animals sacrificed, n=12); T1 after 30 days of supplementation (4 animals sacrificed per group, n=8) and T2 after 45 days of supplementation (4 animals sacrificed per group, n=4). The 80 animals were first weighed and submitted to an eight day period of acclimatization to the environment in individual growth cages, fed on a non-purified closed formula Nuvital® diet in order to gain weight. They were then distributed at random into four experimental groups, 16 animals per group, and fed for a further 4 days of adaptation on the basal diet before carrying out a weight alignment, when 4 animals per group were removed and sacrificed for a lipid analysis of their blood and liver. This analysis was considered as the "reference value" and denominated "Time O". Sixty-four animals thus remained (16 animals per group) of which, after 30 days of the experiment, 8 animals per group were removed for blood and liver analyses, denominated "Time 1", and after a further 15 days, another analysis, denominated "Time 2" was carried out on the remaining animals to evaluate the serum and hepatic lipid profiles, total lipids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the vitamin E content, as well as the anti-oxidant activity of the vitamin E. The animals were supplemented by gavagem for 45 consecutive days, via oral. The experimental groups under study were divided according to the amount and brand of supplement, with and without vitamin E: GROUP 1 - Control - supplementation with 2 g/day soybean oil; GROUP 2 - supplementation with 2 g/day brand A omega-3 fatty acids with vitamin E (120 mg/day); GROUP 3 -supplementation with 2 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E; GROUP 4 - supplementation with 2 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E; GROUP 5 - supplementation with 2 g/day brand B omega-3 fatty acids without vitamin E for a period of 30 days and subsequent1y for 15 days with vitamin E (brand C - 400 mg DL-?-tocopherol). In this group no animals were sacrificed at Time 1. With respect to the anti-oxidant effect of vitamin E on the peroxide index (PI) values and on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), it was observed that in the experimental groups receiving ?-3 PUFA without vitamin E, the values for PI and for TBARS were much higher than for the experimental groups supplemented with ? -3 PUFA with vitamin E. Thus it was shown that vitamin E had a protective effect against lipid oxidation at the cellular level in Wistar rates supplemented with products based on ?-3 PUFA. No significant difference (p>0,05) was observed between the means for diet consumption (g) and weight gain (g), showing that supplementation with ?-3 PUFA, with and without vitamin E, did not interfere with these variables, and that the time of supplementation with ?-3 PUFA was not capable of improving the serum lipid profile of the rats, just a reduction in the levels of serum LDL-cholesterol being observed. Supplementation with ?-3 PUF A did not reduce the levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides in the rat livers. With respect to the variation of the levels of saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the blood and liver, it was observed that during the 45 days of supplementation with ?-3 PUF A, there was an increase in the levels of the saturated fatty acids palmitic and stearic acids, oleic acid, ?-linolenic acid and DHA. The addition of vitamin E did not interfere with the values found. Considering the results obtained it can be recommended that, if using supplementation with ?-3 PUFA in a concentrated form in soft gels, it should be associated with vitamin E to avoid risks of oxidation at the cellular level, thus causing damage to the health / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

No description available.

Intrauterine infection with the oral commensal anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We have previously established a mouse model to study the mechanism of hematogenous F. nucleatum leading to fetal and neonatal death. Here, we report that Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) from the maternal rather than paternal, and endothelial rather than hematopoietic cells mediate placental inflammation, especially the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta. Downstream of TLR4, a spatiotemporal pattern of the transcription factor NF-kB activation was observed spreading from the decidual endothelium to the surrounding spongiotrophoblasts within the first six hours of infection. Maternal TRIF, an adaptor protein downstream of TLR4 pathway, but not NLRP3, a cytosolic signaling receptor that constitutes inflammasome complex, mediated the fetal and neonatal death. In an effort to find a prophylactic preventive method against the detrimental birth outcome induced by F. nucleatum placental infection, omega-3 fatty acids were tested for their anti-inflammatory properties. Omega-3 oil supplementation in pregnant mice inhibited the transcription and release of inflammatory cytokines, prevented fetal and neonatal death, and also suppressed the proliferation of F. nucleatum in the placenta. Moreover, omega-3 supplementation was shown to enhance neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. However, omega-3 supplementation did not protect the pregnancy from Listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo, despite the in vitro results where inflammation induced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were suppressed by omega-3 fatty acids. This study presents the first direct evidence of maternal, rather than fetal, signal leading to adverse pregnancy outcome, and suggests an exciting therapeutic potential of dietary omega-3 fatty acids.

No description available.

Cardiovascular disease and cardiac events are common and serious health conditions in the United States. Nutrition therapy can play a significant role in the management and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which includes cardiac events. This study examined the dietary supplement knowledge and recommendations made by registered dietitians (RDs), cardiologists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners to treat patients after experiencing a cardiac event. Over 75 cardiologists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners in the Tricities area of Tennessee and 3,000 RDs nationwide were asked to complete a 15-question web-based survey. Over 280 RDs and only one cardiologist responded. Findings suggest RDs are aware of evidence supporting dietary supplementation in the treatment of general heart health and cardiac events. Additionally, RDs make dietary supplement recommendations as treatment for patients who have experienced a cardiac event, specifically omega-3 fatty acids or fish oil, coenzyme Q10, and plant sterols.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ingestion on muscle damage and inflammation during the first two weeks of a novice resistance training (RT) program. Methods: This study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Forty-one healthy untrained males between the ages of 18 and 28 years consumed 2,000 mg/d of either DHA or corn oil (PCB) for 44 days including a 28 day loading period. Serum fatty acids were analyzed to determine treatment efficacy. During the 17 day training period, an acute eccentric exercise bout was implemented followed by a full-body RT regimen thrice weekly. Six fasted blood draws (days 1, 2, 4, 7, 12, and 17) during this exercise period were analyzed for creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Maximum isometric strength (ISO) of the elbow flexors, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and range of motion (ROM) were measured on day 1 prior to exercise and also on days 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, and 17. Results: The CK response and the area under the curve (AUC) analysis for DOMS trended to decrease in the DHA group in comparison to placebo (p=0.0925 and p=0.0536, respectively). Treatment showed no effect on CRP levels. DHA supplementation significantly increased serum DHA by 380% as a proportion of total fatty acids (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study does not demonstrate convincing benefits of DHA ingestion to recovery from a new resistance exercise program but does suggest a need for further investigation. / Master of Science

Inflammatory diseases such as PCOS, autoimmune diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. are all highly uncomfortable diseases with several negative side effects. By adding antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids to patients with inflammatory diseases diets, studies show that symptoms of these diseases will lessen. The objective of this study is to create a banana bread with increased omega-3 fatty acids and increased antioxidants to be served on trays of patients with inflammatory diseases and for patients to make at home to decrease symptoms related to inflammation. The experimental food should be an equal substitute for the control flavor, aroma, and texture wise. The control banana bread was substituted for an anti-inflammatory banana bread with the addition of cinnamon, dark chocolate, extra eggs, and pecans. The banana bread was made without dairy and grain for celiac patients and lactose intolerant patients. Both variations were equally accepted according to the hedonic scale, completed by 9 participants. Research was continued to confirm the of increased omega-3 fatty acids within the anti-inflammatory bread. Furthermore, walnuts were switched for pecans to test the antioxidant and fatty acid composition of both variations. Overall, we found that the walnut variation had more fatty acids, but pecans had more antioxidants. Our research suggests that both variations can be used to accommodate patients with inflammatory diseases. Further research can be done for long-term research for inflammatory disease patients that swapped the control for the variations.