Previous studies have shown that screens may be utilized efficiently for dissipating the energy of water. For the present study, a series of experimental works are executed to investigate the tailwater and multiple screen effects on the energy dissipation through screens. Water flowing beneath a sliding gate is used to simulate the flow downstream of a hydraulic structure. In the present study, one double screen and two double screen arrangements with porosity of 40% and inclination angle of 90 degree is used. A tailwater gate structure is used to adjust the tailwater depth. The major parameters for the present study are upstream flow depth, tailwater gate height, location of the screen together with the supercritical upstream flow Froude number for a range covering from 5.0 to 22.5. The gate opening simulating a hydraulic structure is adjusted at heights of 2 cm and 3 cm during the study. The results of the experiments show that the tailwater depth has no significant additional contribution on the energy dissipation, whereas multiple screen arrangement dissipates more energy as compared to one double screen arrangement.

<p>This report present a working model for simulation of what happens to colors displayed on screens when they are observed through optical filters. The results of the model can be used to visually, on one screen, simulate another screen with an applied optical filter. The model can also produce CIE color difference values for the simulated screen colors. The model is data driven and requires spectral measurements for at least the screen to be simulated and the physical filters that will be used. The model is divided into three separate modules or steps where each of the modules can be easily replaced by alternative implementations or solutions. Results from tests performed show that the model can be used for prototyping of optical filters even though the tests of the specific algorithms chosen show there is room for improvements in quality. There is nothing that indicates that future work with this model would not produce better quality in its results.</p> / <p>Denna rapport presenterar en fungerande modell för att optiskt simulera vad som händer med färger på bildskärmar då skärmarna betraktas genom optiska filter. Resultat från modellen består av information som kan användas för visuell simulering av en skärm med applicerat filter på en annan visande skärm. Förutom ren bilddata kan modellen även producera färgskillnadsvärden som kan härledas från CIE 1931 XYZ-koordinater. Modellen är datadriven och kräver initiala mätningar på minst den skärm som ska simuleras samt filter. Hela modellen är uppdelad i tre separata moduler eller steg där de olika delarna lätt kan bytas ut för alternativa algoritmer och lösningar. Resultat från undersökningar visar på att modellen går att använda för prototypning även om de, för arbetet specifikt, valda algoritmerna för de olika stegen i undersökningen visar på brister i kvalité. Det finns inget som visar att framtida arbete där andra algoritmer valts inte skulle kunna prestera ännu bättre resultat.</p>

The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about preschool-children´s behavior as consumers and producers of image through digital tools. The study is about the older preschool-children based on three different observations that are investigated with the help of video-observation. The various parts of the observations are children as consumers, children as producers and at the end a feedback is made together with the children. In the first observation the preschooler’s knowledge and understanding of manipulated images are examined. The second observation is about the children´s actions as producers by creating their own manipulated films with the help of Green Screen. The third observation is a reflection that is done with the children. The result shows that the children lacks knowledge and understanding of manipulated image. The children often choose to commute between fantasy and reality. It also turns out that children do not review images and films in the same way that adults do. The study shows that the children choose to act as producers instead of consumers in cooperation with the digital tools. The study also makes visible that the digital tool is seen as familiar to the children and they show digital competence during the time they produce using the tablet. The study is based on the sociocultural perspective where language is seen as an important component of all the study´s observations. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om förskolebarns agerande som konsumenter och producenter av bild genom digitala verktyg. Studien handlar om de äldre förskolebarnen och bygger på tre olika observationstillfällen som undersöks med hjälp av videoobservation. De olika observationstillfällena handlar om barn som konsumenter, barn som producenter och till sist görs en återkoppling tillsammans med barnen. I observationstillfälle 1 undersöks förskolebarns kunskap och förståelse för manipulerade bilder. Observationstillfälle 2 handlar om barnens agerande som producenter genom att skapa egna manipulerade filmer med hjälp av Green Screen. Observationstillfälle 3 är en reflektion som görs tillsammans med barnen. Resultatet visar på att barnen saknar kunskap och förståelse gällande manipulerade bilder. Barnen väljer ofta att pendla mellan fantasi och verklighet. Det visar sig även att barnen inte granskar bilder och filmer på samma sätt som vuxna gör. I studien synliggörs att barnen ofta väljer att agera som producenter istället för konsumenter i samverkan med lärplattan. Resultatet lyfter även att lärplattan är ett bekant verktyg för barnen, och det visar sig att de besitter digital kompetens. Studien utgår ifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet där språket ses vara en viktig komponent för studiens samtliga observationstillfällen.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a phenomenon whereby electrochemical reactions generate a product that is capable of emitting light. ECL’s high sensitivity, selectivity, extremely low background, and relatively simple instrumentation make it particularly well-suited for chemical sensing and biosensing strategies. Here we report a simple ECL imaging system based on a camera interfaced with a zoom lens to compare pencil graphite electrode (PGE) and screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) arrays as ECL platforms. With this system, ECL signals generated from tris(2,2′- bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) using co-reactant tri-n-propylamine (TPA) were linear with respect to [Ru(bpy)3]2+ concentrations from 9 to 450 μM. Detection limits for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ were found to be 1.8 μM with PGEs and 0.9 μM with SPCEs. Immobilization of a thin polyvinylpyridine (PVP) film ECL reporter [Ru(bpy)2(PVP)10]2+ on SPCEs was also investigated. Overall, the combination of PGEs or SPCEs with the simple ECL imaging system offers a cost-effective approach to ECL-based sensing and biosensing.

No description available.

Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (2016) recommendation to limit screen exposure in the early years, toddlers’ screen use exceeds these guidelines (Rideout & Robb, 2020). Given the significant role of parental media use in children’s exposure to screens (Domoff et al., 2020; Lauricella et al., 2015), it is important to understand the factors that contribute to parental screen use. Digital technologies have been posited as tools for emotion regulation (Wadley et al., 2020), suggesting that parental emotion regulation may serve as a significant determinant of parental media use. Prior studies have shown the association between emotion regulation strategies and different types of screen use, including non-interactive and interactive media (Extremera et al., 2019; Rozgonjuk & Elhai, 2021). It has also been suggested that the role of emotion regulations strategies may differ by personality traits (Gross & John, 2003). However, limited research to date examined these associations with the focus on parents of toddlers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the association between parents’ emotion regulation strategies on their screen use and the moderating role of personality traits in this association. This study used secondary data collected from an online survey of 296 mothers of children between 18 to 36 months in the United States. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between emotion regulation strategies and parental screen use, with a focus on two specific regulation strategies and interactive and non-interactive screen use. They were founded that cognitive reappraisal was not related either non-interactive and interactive screen uses and that expressive suppression was only associated with non-interactive screen use. Cognitive reappraisal was related to agreeableness and expressive suppression was related to extraversion. No moderator roles of agreeableness on the association between cognitive reappraisal and both types of screen use and extraversion on the association between expressive suppression and both types of screen use were found. Future research is needed to test the possible biases resulting from the self-report technique, understand the causation between emotion regulation strategies and screen use, and include the context of screen media for deeper understanding. / Toddlers use screens, like smartphones and tablets, more than recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics (2016), and understanding why may help to support children’s healthy developmental outcomes. How much parents use screens is related to how much children use screens (Lauricella et al., 2015), making it valuable to examine parents' screen use. Screens may help individuals learn to control or regulate their emotions (Wadley et al., 2020), suggesting that parental emotion regulation may be one reason that parents use screens. Prior studies have shown that emotion regulation is related to different types of screen use, including non-interactive (e.g., video viewing) and interactive media (e.g., playing video games; Extremera et al., 2019; Rozgonjuk & Elhai, 2021). I examined two strategies of emotion regulation: cognitive reappraisal, which is reinterpreting the situation that cause emotions, and expressive suppression, which is hiding and inhibiting emotions. It has also been suggested that the role of emotion regulations strategies may differ by personality traits (Gross & John, 2003). However, limited research to date examined these associations with the focus on parents of toddlers. The current study examined how maternal cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression related to both non-interactive and interactive screen use and moderating role of personality traits on these relations. Mothers of toddlers (N = 296; M_age = 31.8 years) completed surveys for this study. Findings showed that cognitive reappraisal was not related to either non-interactive or interactive screen use, although it was related to agreeableness and that expressive suppression was related to non-interactive screen use and extraversion. Associations between these two emotion regulation strategies and both types of screen use were not moderated by personality characteristics. Further explanation is needed to examine the context of screen media and the causal links between emotion regulation strategies and screen use.

The adoption of technology in our daily activities increased the time that we spend in front of the screen and changed the way we communicate and work. In recent years, many big companies started to develop and implement screen time management tools in their products to educate the user on how to improve their digital health. Those tools are an important step in the process, they bring awareness and help the users to change their habits. Several studies have focused on screen time tracking apps but not from the design perspective. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the design of screen time management apps by developing two prototypes, which were used to evaluate different design elements and features. The results of this thesis present a guideline on how to improve the design of the existing screen time tracking tools and what additional features could be added to fulfil their aim and encourage users to change their behaviour.

No description available.

A first-of-its-kind, proof-of-concept drug screen with implications for two unmet medical needs. / The actin-bundling protein fascin is a key mediator of tumor invasion and metastasis and its activity drives filopodia formation, cell-shape changes and cell migration. Small-molecule inhibitors of fascin block tumor metastasis in animal models. Conversely, fascin deficiency might underlie the pathogenesis of some developmental brain disorders. To identify fascin-pathway modulators we devised a cell-based assay for fascin function and used it in a bidirectional drug screen. The screen utilized cultured fascin-deficient mutant Drosophila neurons, whose neurite arbors manifest the 'filagree' phenotype. Taking a repurposing approach, we screened a library of 1040 known compounds, many of them FDA-approved drugs, for filagree modifiers. Based on scaffold distribution, molecular-fingerprint similarities, and chemical-space distribution, this library has high structural diversity, supporting its utility as a screening tool. We identified 34 fascin-pathway blockers (with potential anti-metastasis activity) and 48 fascin-pathway enhancers (with potential cognitive-enhancer activity). The structural diversity of the active compounds suggests multiple molecular targets. Comparisons of active and inactive compounds provided preliminary structure-activity relationship information. The screen also revealed diverse neurotoxic effects of other drugs, notably the 'beads-on-a-string' defect, which is induced solely by statins. Statin-induced neurotoxicity is enhanced by fascin deficiency. In summary, we provide evidence that primary neuron culture using a genetic model organism can be valuable for early-stage drug discovery and developmental neurotoxicity testing. Furthermore, we propose that, given an appropriate assay for target-pathway function, bidirectional screening for brain-development disorders and invasive cancers represents an efficient, multipurpose strategy for drug discovery.

This thesis addresses the question of whether or not online interactional practices are systematically different from interaction in other contexts, particularly spoken interaction. I will establish how the organization of online interaction demonstrates participants orientations to the technological affordances of the online medium. The dataset for the study comprises one-to-one interaction between friends, conducted using the chat application of the social networking site, Facebook. Chat logs and screen capture data were used to analyze how participants engaged in, and managed, their unfolding interaction. The data were analyzed using conversation analysis (CA). CA was developed originally for the analysis of spoken talk, but in this dissertation it provides an empirical basis for comparing Facebook chat and spoken interaction. The thesis demonstrates how CA can be used for analyzing online interaction. The first analytic chapter provides an overview of how participants organize the generic orders of interaction. The findings suggest that participants draw on their knowledge of both spoken and written interaction when managing the particular interactional constraints and affordances of Facebook chat. The second analytic chapter focuses on chat openings, comparing them to openings in spoken interaction. The findings reveal some similarities, but also systematic differences which orient to the design of the chat software. The third analytic chapter examines topic management, including topic-initiation, topic change and the management of simultaneous topics. The findings suggest that the CA categorization of topic-initiating turns could potentially be extended by also analyzing action-orientation and also the epistemic stance displayed. The analysis also reveals remarkable similarities between topic change in spoken interaction and in Facebook chat. Finally in this chapter I show how organizational components of spoken interaction, such as adjacency pairs and tying techniques, are used to manage simultaneous topics. The final analytic chapter focuses on self-repair in Facebook chat. The analysis reveals that self-repairs completed during message construction orient to the same interactional contingencies as self-repairs in spoken interaction. However, the affordances of Facebook chat enable these repairs to be hidden from the recipient. Visible repairs tend to be corrections, with the affordances impacting the sequential placement of such repairs. Finally, I show how participants self-repair in response to the actions of their co-participant. Overall, the findings reveal a number of similarities between the organization of Facebook chat and spoken interaction. The analysis also reveals that participants attend to the technological affordances of Facebook in a variety of ways. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that, while there are differences between the interactional practices of spoken and online written interaction, CA can be used to analyze, and subsequently explain, such differences.