In this study, I will speak about the present migration wave and how the European Un-ion is managing the situation. Firstly, I will explain different arguments pro- and contra migration and detail the European Agenda on Migration. Then, I will concentrate on the issue of EU-Turkey Statement from 2016. The aim of the thesis is to show the topic of management of the "migration crisis" that we are now experiencing and help the reader to form his or her opinion on the subject. This goal will be achieved by analysis of online media.

In this dissertation, I explore the implications of the advances in information and communication technology on democracy. In particular, I examine the roles of online institutions—search engines, news aggregators, and social media—in information readership and political outcomes. In Chapter 1, I show that information consumption pattern is more concentrated and polarized in online news traffic than in offline newspaper circulation. I then show that this pattern occurs not because online traffic better reflects people’s demand, but because online institutions generate a cascade. Using this evidence, I argue that online institutions produce a trade-off between the benefits involved when people access information and the costs of the cascade. In Chapter 3, I compare information consumption pattern on various online institutions. In Chapter 2, I explain why the cascade may become increasingly significant over time. An increase in Internet users suggests not only a reduced digital divide but also an even more concentrated and polarized online information consumption pattern as, ceteris paribus, the magnitude of the cascade will increase with an increase in the number of Internet users. I then empirically show a positive association between the traffic to an online institution and the estimated magnitude of the cascade observed on that site. In Chapter 4, I show that the observed concentrated and polarized online information consumption may affect political outcomes. For instance, if such an information consumption pattern affects political behaviors, we can expect the same pattern in measurable political outcomes. I test this prediction by investigating the association between U.S. Representatives using Twitter and their fundraising. Evidence suggests that, after politicians started using Twitter, their individual collected contributions became more concentrated, ideologically polarized, and geographically diverse. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for political equality, polarization, and democracy. In sum, online institutions may result in political outcomes becoming more concentrated and polarized. Given that a significant part of the observed concentration and polarization can be attributed to the cascade effect, this paper challenges the notion that Internet-mediated political actions or communications will necessarily promote democracy.

The media and crisis communication of a company operate according to different logics. The media are known to be more entertainment driven, while the company tries to remain trustworthy and publishes information only once it is confirmed. Does this difference in logic and in framing a crisis persist when the crisis occurs without any warning signs?Different crisis life-cycle models exist of which two of them are presented and discussed within this study. Additionally, media framing, media logic theory and crisis communication theory are further going to be clarified in order to identify if the difference in framing an extraordinary crisis persist.One of the addressed research questions aims to determine if there was a difference in covering the event between Germanwings and two German media, Bild and FOCUS online. The objective of the second research question is to discern if there was a frame-alignment between the two different types of media, Bild and FOCUS online.The results show that Bild and FOCUS online applied different frames while covering the event. While Bild merely focused on emotional stories and speculations over the cause of the accident, FOCUS online based their coverage on facts and statements. Furthermore, FOCUS online aligned their frames with Germanwings crisis reportage, whereas Bild merely covered according to the media logic theory.

Czech football players František Rajtoral, David Bystroň, Pavel Pergl and hockey player Adam Svoboda have all lost their lives in time period between years 2017 a 2019. All of the mentioned deaths were caused by suicide. Death and suicide discourses are both very sensitive topics in media, although they are quite common. There are not even much handbooks or manuals how to cover these incidents properly. Ethical and moral codex plays a much bigger role here because of sensitive perception of death and suicide in society. Media still try to be more popular than their rivals, thus they turn to tabloidization even in reports about deaths of athletes. These incidents meet usual news values as negativity, surprise and relationship to elite people, so they are usually very popular. Responsible journalism and cautiousness are necessary in these cases, otherwise there is a risk of misinterpretation of reality between media consumers and also have negative impact on people suffering from suicidal tendencies. Research of this essay focuses on analyzing the articles about mentioned sportsmen, which should reveal problematic aspects of professional news reporting about these kinds of events.

<p>  </p> <p>Cattle derived food, like beef and dairy, have long been a staple of our human diets and continue to be prominent in our days. This prominence and their relevance naturally extend to our economies. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (2022), cattle production is the most important agricultural industry in the US representing about 17% of the $391 billion total cash receipts for agricultural commodities in 2021.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Economists have looked into cattle derived products from a wide array of perspectives focusing on the product itself, for example beef, but also in the forces of supply and demand that at times are external to product attributes. The effect of supply and demand shocks on agricultural markets have been heavily considered in the literature (Thomsen and McKenzie, 2001; McKenzie and Thomsen, 2001; Lusk and Schroeder, 2002, Piggott and Marsh, 2004). Yet another important aspect of agricultural markets is price determination and the body of literature in this area is ample (Tomek & Robinson, 2003). Recent phenomena in the world, like the availability of information, good or bad, in the most current, voluminous and accessible way that we have ever seen, could be a new force in price determination of agricultural products. My research contributes to such strains of literature by investigating perceptions and willingness to pay for beef attributes, market shocks in beef markets, and the role of online media in dairy prices.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Beef attributes, and their relative valuation by consumers, have been studied to assist in understanding consumer demand for beef. Given the relevance of such attributes in consumer’s mind, researchers have sought to study how to profitably provide those beef attributes demanded by consumers. Addressing consumer demands for tenderness, an important attribute (Schroeder and Mark, 2000), aging beef has been proved to be a technology that improves flavor, tenderness and juiciness (Kim, Kemp & Samuelson, 2016). By using aging processes, the same cattle carcass can generate more highly valued beef products. I study the willingness to pay for aging and USDA grade in beef, to understand valuation of attributes by consumers with various demographics. </p> <p><br></p> <p>In beef markets, the heterogeneity of beef cuts in their usage, pricing and distribution channels is crucial. Supply and demand shocks can affect individual cuts in different ways (Ortez et al, 2022). With some beef cuts relying heavily on restaurant sales more than others, this offers a good opportunity to introduce a new concept in beef market analysis, namely the price relationship amongst beef cuts and its response to different market shocks. The traditional discussion around spreads in meat focus on differences in price at separate steps in the supply chain, namely farm, wholesale and retail. However, little attention has been given to the relative differences in prices of specific cuts of beef.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The potential influence of online media chatter in its sentiment and volume has largely been under appreciated in the Agricultural Economics literature. A predecessor in this area is Tonsor and Olynk (2011) who first established a connection between news activity and economic fundamentals in agriculture. The advent of the internet may have the ability to decrease information asymmetry and bridge the information gap between consumers, producers and market products. Online media listening allows for data collection efficiently and in real time (Widmar, 2019) and it may be a relevant aspect in the decision making of agricultural and food industries. Moved by this endeavor, I seek to understand if potential relationships between online media chatter sentiment and volume with futures prices in dairy products exist.</p> <p>  </p>

Software development is an endless problem-solving activity and programmers regularly use online media channels to ask each other for advice. In particular, socially enabled media channels like the question & answer website Stack Overflow changed how programmers communicate and coordinate, and how they produce and consume content on the Web. Nowadays, a vast body of software development knowledge is documented in form of code examples. But acquiring the knowledge by reading code and logically reason about how they work makes non-trivial examples hard to understand. The aim of this work is to develop visual enhancements that support programmers in the knowledge exchange with code examples. Through a design science research approach using interaction design methods visualizations were developed and evaluated that allow programmers to see the execution and simultaneously inspect the state in order to gain a better understanding of how the underlying system of the code example works. Professional programmers participated in a workshop and found the visualizations to be helpful in the comprehension process.

The thesis deals with the etiquette within social media and social network sites as a part of network media. First section focuses on the phenomenon of etiquette in historical context and deals with associated terms such as courtesy and politeness. Second part deals with documents concerning so called netiquette - network etiquette. Finally the third part focuses on the etiquette within social network sites (SNS). The paper analyses three SNS - Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn and their official rules concerning appropriate user behaviour. Furthermore there are also unofficial rules created by users, enthusiasts, bloggers and journalists defined in the paper. Last part focuses on some phenomena that are significantly related to the topic of social media etiquette. The finding of the thesis shows that there are certain SNS etiquette rules and suggestions that are repetitive. It was also discovered that there is lack of uniform official etiquette rules within the SNS whereas the membership of users plays an important role in shaping those rules, advice and suggestions.

The diploma thesis Online and Offline Effective Internal Communication Tools of the KKCG Investment Group provides a comprehensive view of internal communication, using Online and Offline tools. The thesis is divided into three parts. The theoretical part defines the concept of internal communication and its inclusion in the marketing and media environment, including related terminology. It also maps Online and Offline media including specific communication tools. Based on literature research is also defined the effectiveness of internal communication including innovative trends. The practical part is focused on the KKCG Group and on its own internal communication settings with real examples of used media. In the methodological part, the author describes and analyses the results of the qualitative (structured interviews with the experts of the internal communication of the companies in the KKCG Group) and the quantitative research (questionnaire survey applied on employees of the individual KKCG Group companies). In conclusion, the comparison occurs research results as well as the use frequency of Online and Offline tools. Furthermore, the level of an individual company's economic efficiency is defined and finally, the research provides answers to the main research questions, hypotheses and...

Submitted by Luciana Magalhães (luciana.magalhaes@live.com) on 2018-04-05T00:40:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_V04Abr2018_Pos-RevisaoABNT_VFinal.pdf: 1415189 bytes, checksum: 7089d229eea56ea34e8c26c405219fba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-06T16:45:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_V04Abr2018_Pos-RevisaoABNT_VFinal.pdf: 1415189 bytes, checksum: 7089d229eea56ea34e8c26c405219fba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-06T17:12:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_V04Abr2018_Pos-RevisaoABNT_VFinal.pdf: 1415189 bytes, checksum: 7089d229eea56ea34e8c26c405219fba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T17:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_V04Abr2018_Pos-RevisaoABNT_VFinal.pdf: 1415189 bytes, checksum: 7089d229eea56ea34e8c26c405219fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Modelos de alocação de mídia têm sido amplamente desenvolvidos no sentido de guiar anunciantes e agências de publicidade na alocação do orçamento de mídia entre meios – gerando o que é conhecido como modelos de mix de mídia. Contudo, pouco tem sido feito no sentido de se compreender a distribuição entre meios dos orçamentos de mídia já realizados. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar fatores que explicam a participação do investimento em mídia online em relação ao investimento em mídia total e a participação de mídia televisiva. Investiga-se também se a participação de investimento de mídia online no Brasil é inferior à do resto do mundo, e se a participação do investimento em televisão é maior. Foi usada uma base de dados longitudinais de 72 países, com os anos de 2010 a 2017, para a análise de equações de estimação generalizadas (Generalized Estimated Equations). As variáveis independentes foram investimento publicitário per capita, participação do investimento publicitário no PIB, penetração da internet na população, tempo gasto diariamente nas principais mídias, nível educacional, níveis de pagamento de bônus por volume e a evolução do tempo (anos). Os resultados indicam que as variáveis com relevância estatística para explicar a alocação de mídia entre meios em um país são nos níveis de bônus sobre volume e o passar do tempo (ou ano em análise). / Media allocation models have been extensively developed to guide advertisers and advertising agencies in allocating media budget among media classes - generating what is known as media mix modeling. However, little has been done in order to understand the distribution among media budgets already executed. This research aims to identify factors that explain the participation of the investment in online media and the participation of television media as a ratio of the total media investment. We also investigated whether the share of online media investment in Brazil is lower than the rest of the world, and whether the share of investment in television is greater. A longitudinal database of 72 countries, from 2010 to 2017, was used for the analysis of Generalized Estimated Equations. The independent variables were advertising investment per capita, advertising investment share in GDP, internet penetration in the population, daily time spent in mainstream media, educational level, agency volume bonus levels of payment and time evolution (years). The results indicate that the variables with statistical relevance to explain the media allocation among media classes in a country are agency volume bonus levels and the year of the analysis.

This thesis will examine interlingual subtitles for online media. The research takes place within the descriptive translation studies paradigm. The source material consists of subtitles for a selection of webcasts found on the video sharing platform YouTube. The analysis will examine how the original dialogue has been translated as well as the form that the subtitles are presented in. An analysis of norm governed subtitles for television programs that follow established subtitling norms will also be made for comparison. Online media and broadcast media are divided into a dynamic and static category respectively in order to treat webcasts as an individual form of media. Dynamic media is defined as digital media created for the Internet, and static media is defined as media created for televised broadcasts. The results do not include qualitative assessments but have shown that subtitles for webcasts do not follow subtitling norms and display a wide range of unconventional approaches. The determining factor that illustrates the nature of webcast subtitles is attributed the diverse group of people writing them.