The title may be a bit misleading. Perhaps, "On the Complete Positivity of Reduced Quantum Dynamics," would be a more fitting title. Determining whether or not completely positive (CP) maps are required to describe open system quantum dynamics is an extremely important issue concerning the fundamental mathematical foundations of QM, as well as many other areas of physics. it had been typically believed that only CP maps actually describe the dynamical evolution of open quantum systems, however there has been speculation as to whether this is a strict constraint on the mathematical and physical structure of stochastic quantum dynamical maps. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that given a particular unitary operator, an initial system state, a final system state, and the dimension of the environment state, there exists no CP map with a composite system-environment, product initial state that is compatible with the given constraints on the reduced quantum dynamics of the system under investigation.

Magíster en Minería. Ingeniero Civil de Minas / Hoy en día, las minas a cielo abierto están siendo cada vez más profundas, lo que hace cada vez más atractivo el recuperar las reservas restantes mediante métodos subterráneos, tanto en las partes más profundas del pit como en sus zonas circundantes. Por lo tanto, estas operaciones han empezado a desarrollar nuevas estrategias para extraer el mineral mediante operaciones subterráneas. Para cuerpos masivos, los métodos más rentables son los que consideran el hundimiento de la roca, en particular, los métodos de block/panel caving, debido a sus bajos costos operacionales y alta productividad con respecto a otros métodos subterráneos de extracción. Las metodologías aplicadas para definir el periodo óptimo de transición desde la mina a cielo abierto a la subterránea son casi siempre limitados o sesgados, debido a que tienden a darle prioridad a la primera, que no necesariamente resulta en el VAN óptimo. En este trabajo, se propone una nueva metodología para maximizar el VAN basado en la secuencia de agendamiento para el caso conjunto cielo abierto a panel caving. Primero, se calculan las envolventes económicas para la mina a cielo abierto y la mina de panel caving, considerando potenciales pilares coronas entre ellos a modo de estabilidad. Después, se realiza el secuenciamiento de bloques y la maximización del VAN, considerando restricciones operacionales y geomecánicas para estudiar su influencia en el agendamiento. Este modelo de optimización ha sido aplicada tanto a modelos de bloques sintéticos y aquellos de escala minera. Los planes de producción, cambios en el periodo óptimo de transición, el secuenciamiento de los bloques, la alimentación a planta y las variaciones del VAN se analizan basados en los diferentes grupos de parámetros y variantes de extracción para suplir el ramp-up de la mina subterránea. Dichas variaciones en el caso de estudio tienen un impacto importante en el periodo óptimo de transición (pasando desde el año 31 hasta el año 50), enfrentando bajas importantes en la alimentación a planta en los planes de carácter secuencial durante la transición. El VAN, por su parte, no difiere de manera importante al analizar el proyecto desde su inicio (variación cercana al 1.2\% entre el peor y el mejor caso). Sin embargo, si se toma el año inicial para el análisis del VAN en un periodo posterior, como lo es el año 30 de la extracción, las diferencias son de mayor importancia (cercano al 93\% entre el peor y el mejor caso). Esta metodología es una herramienta que puede ayudar al planificador a observar diferentes casos durante la transición. Sin embargo, se recomienda incluir más componentes al modelo, como es la incorporación de un modelo geomecánico extenso tanto para la mina a cielo abierto como la subterránea, además de la integración de fases e interacción entre ellas en este primer método, y la integración de sectores o paneles en el segundo. / Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por CSIRO y AMTC

This study examines how Borlänge municipality can initiate their work with open data. To open data means that the organisation has in the past kept their datasets closed from public, the point with the project is to publicize datasets to encourage opportunities and innovation in society.Since 2016 Riksarkivet has had a mission to make sure that Swedish governmental bodies have opened a dataset of some type, this mission will finish at the end of 2018. The mission itself has originated from an EU directive and been fitted to Swedish law.This study has collected data and experiences from other municipalities but also from stakeholders and an expert in open data. The study has also collected information online, such as guides, frameworks and processes. All of the collected data served as a foundation for the startplan we composed for Borlänge municipality. / Denna studie undersöker hur Borlänge kommun kan inleda sitt arbete med öppna data. Att öppna sina data betyder att verksamheten tidigare har hållit sina datamängder stängda från allmänheten, syftet med arbetet är då att offentliggöra datamängder för att främja möjligheter och innovation i samhället.Sedan 2016 har Riksarkivet haft i uppdrag att se till att samtliga svenska myndigheter har öppnat någon mängd och typ av data, detta ska vara klart till slutet av 2018. Uppdraget i sig har härstammat från ett EU direktiv och anpassats till svensk lag.Denna studie har samlat in data och erfarenheter från andra kommuner men också från intressenter och en expert inom öppna data. Studien har även samlat in information som finns online, såsom guider, ramverk och processer. Dessa insamlade data låg till grund för den startplan vi sammanställde för Borlänge kommun.

Orientador: Victor Orlando Gamarra Rosado / Banca: Mauro Pedro Peres / Banca: Sebastião Cícero Pinheiro Gomes / Resumo: Biomodelagem é um termo genérico que designa a habilidade de replicar a morfologia de uma estrutura biológica em um modelo físico. Por ser uma técnica relativamente nova, sua disseminação é limitada pelo alto custo de aquisição de softwares proprietários e hardware de alto desempenho, impedindo sua utilização em hospitais públicos, centros de saúde e consultórios médicos. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de biomodelagem virtual através do uso de softwares livres instalados em equipamentos convencionais de informática e contribuir de forma efetiva para redução dos custos da técnica. Para atingir o objetivo, foi necessário identificar softwares livres dedicados e CAD que pudessem ser aplicados em conjunto para desenvolvimento de projetos em biomodelagem. Dentre a diversidade de programas disponíveis, observou-se que os softwares Invesalius 3.0 e FreeCAD 0.11 possuíam as características necessárias para aplicação da técnica. Baseado nos conceitos de biomodelagem, três estudos de caso foram abordados para elaboração do diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico, auxiliando o médico na tomada de decisões. Os resultados demonstraram que a biomodelagem virtual por meio do uso dos softwares livres Invesalius 3.0 e FreeCAD 0.11, instalados em equipamentos convencionais de informática, é viável para uso na rotina médica em diversas situações de diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. As principais vantagens apresentadas são a redução dos custos em biomodelagem e a possibilidade de disseminação da técnica, permitindo a inclusão de um maior número de pacientes submetidos às tecnologias 3D / Abstract: Biomodeling is a generic term for the ability to replicate the morphology of biological structure in a physical model. As it is a relatively new technique, its dissemination is limited by the high cost of purchase of proprietary software and high performance hardware, impeding their use in public hospitals, health centers and physician offices. The main objectives of this work are to propose a virtual biomodeling through the use of open source software installed in a conventional computer equipment and to effectively contribute in reducing the technique costs. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, it was necessary to identify dedicated open source software and CAD open source software that could be applied together to develop biomodeling projects. Among the variety of programs available, it was noted that the software InVesalius 3.0 and the FreeCAD 0.11 had the necessary characteristics for the application of the technique. Based on the concepts of biomodeling, three case studies were discussed for making the diagnosis and the surgical planning, assisting the physician in making decisions. The results showed that the virtual biomodeling through the use of the open source software called InVesalius 3.0 and FreeCAD 0.11, installed in conventional computer equipment, is feasible for the routine use in many situations of medical diagnostic and surgical planning. The main advantages are the cost reduction in biomodeling and the possibility of spreading the technique, allowing the inclusion of a greater number of patients subjected to 3D technologies / Mestre

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Technology: Mechanical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / Open channels, flumes or launders are used in the mining industry to transport slurries during processing and to disposal sites. Water plays a major part in the makeup of these slurries, its usage and availability is critical in countries where there are strict water usage management programs. The optimisation of flume design involves the maximisation of solids transport efficiency whilst, at the same time reduces water usage. The design of open channels is complex as it is dependent on both the slurry rheology and the channel shape. Very little has been reported in the literature for predicting non-Newtonian laminar flow in open channels of arbitrary cross-section. The only method available was that proposed by Kozicki and Tiu (1967, 1986). The shape factors they used were those evaluated from analytical solutions for flow of Newtonian fluids in open channels of the same cross-section. However, they carried out no experimental work to validate their model. Few experimental studies have been made on the effect of shape on non-Newtonian flow in open channels. Naik (1983) tested kaolin in water suspensions in a rectangular channel. Coussot (1994) provided some data for the flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in rectangular and trapezoidal channels. Fitton (2007; 2008) obtained data for flow of three different non-Newtonian fluids (carboxymethylcellulose, carbopol and thickened tailings) in a semi-circular channel. A large experimental database for non-Newtonian flow in rectangular open channels was published by Haldenwang (2003) at the Flow Process Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Guang et al. (2011) performed Direct Numerical Simulations of turbulent flow of a yield- pseudoplastic fluid in a semi-circular channel. They compared their simulations with actual field measurements and found them to over-predict the flow velocity by approximately 40%. The source for this discrepancy was difficult to ascertain. A comprehensive database was compiled during this research of the flow of three non–Newtonian fluids in rectangular, trapezoidal, semi-circular and triangular channels. The flow of carboxymethylcellulose solutions and aqueous kaolin and bentonite suspensions was investigated in a 10 meter long flume at angles ranging from 1° to 5° from the horizontal plane. The effect of channel shape on the friction factor-Reynolds number relationship for laminar and turbulent open channel flow of these three fluids was investigated. New models for the prediction of laminar and turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids in open channels of different cross-sectional shapes are proposed. The new laminar and turbulent velocity models are compared with three previously-published velocity models for laminar flow and five previously-published velocity models for turbulent flow using average velocity as comparison criteria. For each channel shape, the laminar flow data can be described by a general relationship, f = K/Re where f is the Fanning friction factor and Re is the appropriate Haldenwang et al. (2002) Reynolds number. The K values were found to be 14.6 for triangular channels with a vertex angle of 90°, 16.2 for semi-circular channels, 16.4 for rectangular channels and 17.6 for trapezoidal channels with 60 degree sides. These K values were found to be in line with those reported by Straub et al. (1958) and Chow (1969) for open channel laminar flow of Newtonian fluids as opposed to the assumption made by Haldenwang et al. (2002; 2004) of using a constant value of 16 based on the pipe flow paradigm for all channel shapes. This new laminar model gave a closer fit to the laminar flow data than those from the three previously-published models. However, the presence of the yield stress still presents a problem, which makes the flow prediction in laminar flow for such fluids not very accurate. The investigation on non-Newtonian turbulent flow of the three fluids in the four different shaped open channels revealed that the data was described by the modified Blasius equation f = a Re b where a and b are constant values determined for each channel shape and Re is the Haldenwang et al. (2002) Reynolds number. Values of a and b for a rectangular channel were found to be 0.12 and -0.330, for a semi- circular channel 0.048 and -0.205, for a trapezoidal channel with 60° sides, 0.085 and -0.266 and for a triangular channel with vertex angle of 90°, 0.042 and -0.202. New laminar and turbulent velocity models were derived from using the new laminar f = K/Re and turbulent f = a Re b, friction factor-Reynolds number relationship. The laminar velocity model did not always give the best result, but the majority of the time it did, compared to the three previously published models. The new turbulent velocity model yielded the best results when compared to the five previously published models using average velocity as comparison criteria. The composite power law modelling procedure of Garcia et al. (2003) used for pipe flow predictions was extended to the present work on non-Newtonian flow in open channels of various cross-sections. The results show that the modelling technique used by Garcia et al. (2003) for pipe flow can be used to adequately predict flow in an open channel of a given cross-sectional shape provided that an appropriate Reynolds number is used to take into account the non-Newtonian behaviour of the test fluid. It was found that the results using the Haldenwang et al. (2002) Reynolds number yielded better results than those based on the adapted Metzner-Reed Reynolds number. The correlations and models developed and experimentally validated during this research can be used to further improve the design of rectangular, semi-circular, trapezoidal and triangular open channels to transport non-Newtonian fluids.

This thesis focuses on individually specific differences in behavioural strategies, personalities, with two microtine rodents (Microtus arvalis and M. oeconomus) as study species. The work evaluates methodology necessary to reveal and measure consistent individual differences in behaviour, identifies possible proximate and ultimate mechanisms behind the existence of individual behavioural variability, and describes some ecological, evolutionary and behavioural consequences of personalities.

A new class of functions, called somewhat e-continuous functions, has been defined and studied by making use of e-open sets. Characterizations and properties of somewhat e-continuous functions are presented.

Under hösten 2017 och våren 2018 har jag jobbat med att spela tekniken open handed på trumset. Som en vänsterhänt trummis som spelar högerhänt ville jag utforska denna teknik för att sedan kunna applicera den i mitt vardagliga trumspel. Jag övat på allt från de mest enkla grunderna till tekniskt utmanande komp och skrivit rudiment för att öva på specifika moment. Jag har sedan applicerat denna teknik med ensemble där jag har repat och spelat in fyra låtar. Vardera låt har spelats in två gånger, en version där jag spelar open handed och en version där jag spelar standard. Jag har sedan analyserat skillnader i mitt spel, hållning etc. Arbetet har resulterat i en ökad säkerhet och kontroll i mitt open handed, övningsmetoder som jag kommer fortsätta att använda mig av och en allmän nyfikenhet till fortsatt övande.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:03:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9216_JADERSON NUNES PRETTI.pdf: 4692062 bytes, checksum: 7088a108ff1b2538b7a95be7acd6c458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 / Com o constante aumento da demanda energética é necessário o estudo de fontes alternativas de energia bem como técnicas para sua conversão em trabalho útil em diferentes escalas de consumo. Outro fator importante é que a humanidade esta produzindo cada vez mais resíduos sólidos, e neste, existe um potencial energético que não pode ser negligenciado. Neste contexto, a combustão se mostra uma boa alternativa para o reaproveitamento energético desses resíduos, no entanto, é indispensável um entendimento do processo, bem como das variáveis de operação. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma modelagem para as equações de energia que governam a transferência de calor em um meio poroso reativo das fases sólida e gasosa e, ao mesmo tempo, simular o processo de combustão smouldering em meio poroso utilizando um software de simulação gratuito, o OpenFOAM, principal ferramenta utilizada neste trabalho. É apresentado para o leitor uma concisa descrição do pacote de simulação utilizado juntamente com suas principais características. Os resultados simulados são comparados com resultados experimentais obtidos pela célula de combustão instrumentada desenvolvida no Laboratório de Combustíveis e Combustão da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo para estudos da combustão em meio poroso. Por último, apresenta-se a influência de parâmetros físicos, como espessura da frente, fração volumétrica de sólido e velocidade de resfriamento, na evolução da temperatura simulada no interior do leito.

This study is conducted within the domains of technology convergence and Open Innovation environment. Two frameworks have been adopted in the study, namely; Nexus of Forces and Capability-Based Framework for Open Innovation. The first purpose of the investigation was to identify to what extent and in what ways does Nexus of Forces affects the knowledge capabilities within the Open Innovation environment. The second purpose of the investigation was to identify what practical implications does Nexus of Forces brings to the Open Innovation practices. The investigation was conducted on a single company – Swisscom – by following a case study strategy. The methodological approach for collecting the data was a mixed method approach with concurrent embedded strategy. The study has focused mainly on qualitative data and the quantitative data was nested with the focus to strengthen the findings. For the primary data collection, 6 respondents were selected, Expert A and Expert B for interviews and 4 managers for survey.   In regard to the first purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have strategical implications on the process of managing knowledge capabilities. The extents of the NoF implications are through a direct and indirect level for the departments, which work with Open Innovation projects and at meta-level for the higher organizational structures within the company. In regard to the second purpose, our findings have shown that practices of Nexus of Forces have tactical implications on the Open Innovation practices. The final outcome of the study is a theoretical model that displays the strategical and tactical implications of Nexus of Forces on the knowledge capabilities and Open Innovation practices within the Open Innovation environment.