A água de coco é um isotônico natural, uma bebida pouco calórica e muito nutritiva, representando 1,4 % do mercado de refrigerantes e de isotônicos artificiais. Aliado ao crescente mercado interno e externo, surge os processos de conservação com o intuito de preservação da água de coco fora do fruto, facilitando a comercialização e aumentando o tempo de vida de prateleira. Considerando o pressuposto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência dos processos de conservação, ultrafiltração, congelamento e pasteurização, na concentração de Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se e Zn em água de coco. As determinações foram feitas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica. Investigação no sentido de determinar espécies livres de Se4+ e Se6+, em água de coco, por geração de hidretos e pré-concentração na superfície de um tubo de grafite modificada com Ir também foi objetivo desse trabalho. Os estudos foram realizados por meio das determinações das concentrações totais dos elementos e em diferentes frações (filtrado e resíduo), obtidas após ultrafiltração com membrana de celulose (0,100 e 0,025 µm). Em todos os processos de conservação estudados, exceto na ultrafiltração, as concentrações totais dos elementos de interesse foram preservadas. A ultrafiltração com filtro de 0,025 μm promoveu a retenção de uma quantidade significativa de Fe (30%) e Zn (50 %). A influência dos processos de conservação, com base na distribuição dos elementos de interesse, mostrou uma tendência de variação na distribuição de Cu, Fe e Zn na água de coco pasteurizada e em todos os elementos na congelada, sobretudo para aquelas com tempo de congelamento superior a 30 dias. A especiação de Se6+ e Se4+ foi feita após redução do Se6+ com 2,0 mol L-1 HCl + 1 mol L-1 KBr e aquecimento por microondas focalizadas em microfrascos, apresentando cerca de 95 % de eficiência na redução na ausência da amostra de água de coco. / The coconut water is a natural isotonic, nutritive and low caloric drink, corresponding to 1.4 % of the soft drink and artificial isotonic market store. The conservation processes of the coconut water appear in association to the expansion of the internal and external market, increasing the shelf-life of the product and its comercialization. The objective of this work was evaluate the influence of the conservation processes, such as, ultrafiltration, freezing and pasteurization based on the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in the coconut water. The determinations were done by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The investigation of free-species of Se4+ and Se6+, in coconut water, by hydride generation and pre-concentration on the modified graphite tube surface with Ir was also the aim of this project. The studies were carried out through the determinations of the total concentration of the interest elements and in different fractions (filtrate and residue), obtained after ultrafiltration with cellulose membrane filters (0.100 and 0.025 µm). In all processes of conservation studied, except the ultrafiltration, the total concentrations were preserved. The ultrafiltration with filters of 0.025 µm promoted the retention of significant concentration of Fe (30%) e Zn (50%). Considering the distribuituion of the interest elements, the influence of the conservation processes showed a tendency of the variation in the Cu, Fe and Zn distribuition for the pasteurized coconut water, and for all elements in the frozen, mainly for frozen samples storaged for more than 30 days. The speciation of Se4+ and Se6+ was carried out after reduction of Se6+ with 2 mol L-1 HCl + 1 mol L-1 KBr and using microvials heated in a focused microwave. The reduction efficiency of the Se6+ to Se4+ was 95 %, in absence of coconut water.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The main aim of this study is to investigate theelectrochemical determination of two beneficial (selenium and zinc) and two toxic (chromium and vanadium) metals in the potable water within the City of Cape Town's distribution area. The Water Laboratory of the City's Scientific Services Branch analyses for these metals in their elemental state, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). This is a standard method used for the detection of trace metals. The most sensitive voltammetric method for determining these metals is by adsorptive stripping voltammetry, using a thin mercury film electrode with a glassy carbon support. This voltammetric method is used for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. Because of mercury's toxicity it is not really favoured for trace metals anymore. Many other possibilities are under investigation, e.g. bismuth-film, modified glassy carbon and antimony electrodes. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has distinct advantages when used to determine metal concentrations. Advantages of BDD electrodes include lower detection limit, speciation and wider potential window. In this study cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to determine the copper, cadmium and lead concentrations in potable water by means of square wave voltammetry (SWV) and a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Furthermore, a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was used to investigate the possibilities of determining selenium, chromium and vanadium by SWV. Real samples (potable water samples) were analysed electrochemically to qualify and quantify these metals and determine whether they comply with the SANS 241:2006 drinking water guidelines.The copper, cadmium, lead and selenium peaks appear very close to the theoretical values, which indicate that these metals can be detected by SWV method, but further analysis with more samples is advised. Even though responses were observed for vanadium and chromium, it was not reliable and requires further investigation. Further studies into the analyses of zinc are also advised.

A água de coco é um isotônico natural, uma bebida pouco calórica e muito nutritiva, representando 1,4 % do mercado de refrigerantes e de isotônicos artificiais. Aliado ao crescente mercado interno e externo, surge os processos de conservação com o intuito de preservação da água de coco fora do fruto, facilitando a comercialização e aumentando o tempo de vida de prateleira. Considerando o pressuposto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência dos processos de conservação, ultrafiltração, congelamento e pasteurização, na concentração de Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se e Zn em água de coco. As determinações foram feitas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado e espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica. Investigação no sentido de determinar espécies livres de Se4+ e Se6+, em água de coco, por geração de hidretos e pré-concentração na superfície de um tubo de grafite modificada com Ir também foi objetivo desse trabalho. Os estudos foram realizados por meio das determinações das concentrações totais dos elementos e em diferentes frações (filtrado e resíduo), obtidas após ultrafiltração com membrana de celulose (0,100 e 0,025 µm). Em todos os processos de conservação estudados, exceto na ultrafiltração, as concentrações totais dos elementos de interesse foram preservadas. A ultrafiltração com filtro de 0,025 μm promoveu a retenção de uma quantidade significativa de Fe (30%) e Zn (50 %). A influência dos processos de conservação, com base na distribuição dos elementos de interesse, mostrou uma tendência de variação na distribuição de Cu, Fe e Zn na água de coco pasteurizada e em todos os elementos na congelada, sobretudo para aquelas com tempo de congelamento superior a 30 dias. A especiação de Se6+ e Se4+ foi feita após redução do Se6+ com 2,0 mol L-1 HCl + 1 mol L-1 KBr e aquecimento por microondas focalizadas em microfrascos, apresentando cerca de 95 % de eficiência na redução na ausência da amostra de água de coco. / The coconut water is a natural isotonic, nutritive and low caloric drink, corresponding to 1.4 % of the soft drink and artificial isotonic market store. The conservation processes of the coconut water appear in association to the expansion of the internal and external market, increasing the shelf-life of the product and its comercialization. The objective of this work was evaluate the influence of the conservation processes, such as, ultrafiltration, freezing and pasteurization based on the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in the coconut water. The determinations were done by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The investigation of free-species of Se4+ and Se6+, in coconut water, by hydride generation and pre-concentration on the modified graphite tube surface with Ir was also the aim of this project. The studies were carried out through the determinations of the total concentration of the interest elements and in different fractions (filtrate and residue), obtained after ultrafiltration with cellulose membrane filters (0.100 and 0.025 µm). In all processes of conservation studied, except the ultrafiltration, the total concentrations were preserved. The ultrafiltration with filters of 0.025 µm promoted the retention of significant concentration of Fe (30%) e Zn (50%). Considering the distribuituion of the interest elements, the influence of the conservation processes showed a tendency of the variation in the Cu, Fe and Zn distribuition for the pasteurized coconut water, and for all elements in the frozen, mainly for frozen samples storaged for more than 30 days. The speciation of Se4+ and Se6+ was carried out after reduction of Se6+ with 2 mol L-1 HCl + 1 mol L-1 KBr and using microvials heated in a focused microwave. The reduction efficiency of the Se6+ to Se4+ was 95 %, in absence of coconut water.

In the present work, the abnormal glow discharge at atmospheric pressure was generated in the nitrogen-methane (1 to 5 %) gaseous mixtures related to the atmosphere of Titan. The discharge itself was monitored by optical emission spectrometry that confirmed presence of active nitrogen species and various radicals formed from methane. Besides them, the CN spectral bands were observed. Intensities of all light emitting species were studied in the dependence on applied power and composition of nitrogen-methane mixture. The rotational temperature of about 2000 K was calculated from the second positive nitrogen system. The vibrational temperature also obtained from neutral nitrogen molecule increased nearly directly with methane from 3000 K (1 % CH4) to 3600 K (5 % CH4). In the contrary, vibrational temperature obtained from nitrogen molecular ion decreased with methane in the gaseous mixture and increased with applied discharge power from 3700 K to 4200 K. The same trend showed the vibrational temperature calculated from violet system of CN with value from 4600 K to 5800 K. The stable discharge products were analysed by proton transfer time of flight mass spectrometry of the exhausting gas. Presence of many aliphatic and some aromatic hydrocarbons was confirmed as well as quite a lot of amino and cyano compounds. Increasing concentrations of methane have produced more substances with higher molecular weight and less simple substances that were likely to be consumed on more complex substances. Their relative intensities were determined under the same conditions as optical emission spectra were collected.

L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer et de valider une méthode d’analyse quantitative du silicium liquide par la technique LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy). Pour cela, le dispositif utilisé consiste en une mesure intrusive sur la surface de bulles gazeuses, générées au cœur du métal fondu par soufflage d’un gaz inerte au travers d’un tube. Dans un premier temps, les conditions d’acquisition du signal ont été optimisées pour permettre la répétabilité et la reproductibilité du signal LIBS en dépit des fluctuations paramétriques induites par le bullage. Dans un second temps, les paramètres expérimentaux affectant les propriétés physiques des plasmas produits ont été évalués pour maximiser la sensibilité de la mesure et réduire les limites de détection. Les deux paramètres clefs qui ont été identifiés sont la densité de puissance apportées par l’impulsion laser et la nature du gaz de bullage : l’intensité du signal et donc le nombre d’émetteurs dans les plasmas sont favorisés par les hautes énergies laser et par une atmosphère d’argon plutôt que d’hélium. Le diagnostic spectroscopique des plasmas générés en fonction de ces paramètres a permis de montrer qu’ils n’ont pas d’effet significatif sur la température des électrons, des ions et des espèces neutres. L’augmentation de masse ablatée par le laser et la modification des conditions de relaxation du plasma par le milieu ambiant sont les mécanismes majoritaires à considérer. Finalement un modèle d’analyse quantitatif a été construit dans les conditions optimisées pour les impuretés B, Al, Fe, Cu et Ti du silicium. Il permet d’atteindre des limites de détection qui vont de quelques ppmw pour les éléments B, Fe et Al jusqu’à moins de 0,5 ppmw pour le Cu et le Ti. Les concentrations prédites par LIBS présentent un très bon accord avec celles déterminées par une méthode ex-situ conventionnelle, l’ICP-OES, avec des écarts relatifs inférieurs en moyenne à 10 %. Ceci démontre l’intérêt de la technique LIBS pour contrôler in-situ et en temps réel un procédé d’élaboration du silicium photovoltaïque. / The aim of this PhD research work was to develop and to validate a quantitative method to measure the composition of molten silicon by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The device used consists in an intrusive measurement on the surface of gas bubbles which are produced by blowing an inert gas through a pipe inserted into the melt. First, the signal acquisition conditions were optimized to ensure LIBS signal repeatability and reproducibility to overcome experimental fluctuations due to the bubbling. Second, the experimental parameters affecting plasma physics were evaluated to maximize the measurement sensitivity and to lower the limits of detection. The two key parameters identified are the laser power density and the ambient gas: the signal intensity and then the number of emitters inside the plasma are promoted by higher laser energy and an Ar atmosphere rather than a He one. The plasma spectroscopic diagnosis as a function of these parameters showed that they don’t have significant effect on the temperature of electrons, ions and neutral species. The only mechanisms to be considered are then the increase of the mass ablated by the laser and the modification of the plasma relaxation conditions by the ambient atmosphere. Third, calibration curves were established for B, Al, Fe, Cu and Ti impurities under the optimized conditions. Limits of detections from few ppmw for B, Fe and Al to less than 0,5 ppmw for Ti and Cu have been achieved. The predicted concentrations by LIBS are in very good agreement with the ones measured by the conventional ex-situ method, ICP-OES. The mean relative discrepancy is lower than 10 %. These results demonstrate the LIBS benefits for in-situ and in-line monitoring of photovoltaic silicon production processes.

Multielement analysis of flue gas residues from secondary lead smelting was tested using seven decomposition methods on four different flue gas residues and certified reference materials (CRM) CPB-2 (Pb concentrate, CCRMP). The studied samples contained both silicates and also high contents of phases with Pb, primarily Pb chlorides and sulphates. Solutions prepared by various decomposition methods were analysed using ICP OES (Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn). Greater yields were found for most of the elements by combined decomposition (with fusion) and decomposition by sintering. Nonetheless, both methods exhibited major losses of volatile elements (As, Bi, Sb, Tl). Thus, one of these methods must always be combined with a method of decomposition in a closed system. The work also demonstrates that, for investigation of untraditional waste geological materials (e.g. flue residues from high- temperature industrial processes), it will be necessary in the future to produce new certified reference materials with anomalous chemical and mineralogical compositions, which are not currently available on the market. Laboratory extraction tests were performed on two different types of flue residues - kinetic (30 days) with ratio L/S...

Study of plasma in the mixtures with molecular gas at wide pressure range Matěj Jan Morávek Abstract: The positive column of DC glow discharge sustained in oxygen and oxygen-nitrogen mixtures has been studied in two discharge tubes of the same shape made from different materials (Silica and Pyrex glass) for total pressures 650 - 2000 Pa and discharge currents up to 40 mA. Various parameters of the discharge - axial electric field strength, concentration of electrons and emission spectra - were studied with emphasis placed on transition region between low- and high-gradient form of the positive column. We have focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the differences in emission spectra for both particular forms and the transitional region between them. The impact of 1 % admixture of nitrogen was also studied.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica versátil e rápida para a determinação de Cr, Mn e Ni em aços martensíticos e austeníticos, através do processo de dissolução química parcial em sistema de injeção em fluxo acoplado ao Espectrômetro de Emissão Ótica acoplado indutivamente (ICP-OES). O procedimento, também priorizou menor manipulação de amostra e consumo de reagentes. A solução extratora, HNO3 e HCI 7,0 mol L-1 e 6,0 mol L-1 respectivamente 1:1 v/v foi utilizada para a dissolução química parcial dos aços inoxidáveis. A quantificação dos metais dissolvidos foi feita utilizando-se o método da somatória, que relaciona a concentração de um elemento individual com a somatória dos elementos determinados, segundo a fórmula: i% = Ci /Ct x 100, onde Ci é a concentração do elemento i e Ct é a soma das concentrações de todos elementos determinados. Os resultados não apresentaram diferença significativa em um nível de confiança de 95% com os valores certificados das amostras de referência e com os valores da dissolução total assistida por microondas. O procedimento apresentou freqüência analítica de 20 determinações por hora. / The objective of this work was the development of a versatile and fast analytical methodology for the determination of Cr, Mn, and Ni in martensitic and austenitic steels, through on-line partial chemical dissolution using a flow injection system coupled to an ICP-OES. The procedure also aimed the smallest sample manipulation and reagents consumption. The extractor solution, 7.0 mol L-1 HNO3 and 6.0 mol L-1 HCI 1:1 v/v, was used to the on-line partial chemical dissolution of the stainless steels. The quantification of the dissolved metals was made using a method, that relate the concentration of an individual element with the sum of all elements concentrations, applying the formula: i% = Ci /Ct x 100, where Ci is the concentration of the element i and Ct is the sum of the concentration of all elements determined. No significant difference has been present by the results, at a confidence level of 95%, with the certified values of the reference materials and with the total dissolution values obtained by microwave - assisted sample pretreatment. The procedure presented analytic frequency of 20 determinations per hour.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de métodos visando à determinação elementar em alumina, cimento e quartzo por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) com amostragem de suspensão. Alguns elementos foram investigados como possíveis candidatos a padrões internos (PIs) Be, Dy, Gd, In, La, Sc, Y, Yb eTl. Amostras de material de referência certificado (CRM) de alumina (Alumina Reduction Grade 699), de cimento Portland (1889a Blended with Limestone e 1886a White Portland cement with low iron) do National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), e amostras de quartzo, cedidos pelo Departamento de Física da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), denominados T-4FI, T-2FI e T-4GR, foram utilizadas na otimização instrumental, no desenvolvimento e na avaliação da exatidão do método. Nanopartículas de sílica de alta pureza (Wacker HDK® T40), Wacker Chemie AG foram utilizadas no estudo de adsorção dos elementos e padrões internos como proposta de produção de material calibrante para a análise direta de sólidos. Para a escolha dos PIs foram construídos gráficos de correlação usando valores de potenciais de excitação, energias de ionização e temperaturas de fusão dos analitos e dos candidatos a PIs. Análise exploratória por agrupamentos hierárquicos (HCA) e análise dos componentes principais (PCA), também foram realizadas. A avaliação de desempenho do ICP OES foi feita em meio das suspensões das amostras a partir do estabelecimento de figuras de mérito como sensibilidade, robustez, seletividade e repetibilidade. Na otimização do foram considerados os parâmetros potência, vazão de nebulização e vazão de gás auxiliar. A determinação de Ca, Fe, Ga, Na, Si e Zn em alumina foi feita após dissolução em forno de micro-ondas com posterior precipitação do Al(III) com NH3. O uso de padrão interno foi essencial para a exatidão do método, com recuperações do CRM que variaram de 83 a 117%. Para a matriz cimento foram avaliados o efeito da concentração de ácido nítrico na extração dos analitos ( Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti e Zn) e na adsorção dos elementos candidatos a PIs (Be, Sc, In, Dy). As determinações por suspensão e uso de padrão interno (exceto para Cr, S e Zn), com 0,5% v v-1 de HNO3, nebulizador Burgener e condições robustas do ICP geraram resultados com recuperações entre 68 e 119%. As determinações de Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr e Ti em quartzo foram executadas com introdução de suspensão e ausência de padrão interno, usando condições do ICP similares àquelas adotadas na determinação elementar para matriz de cimento. Nesse caso as recuperações variaram de 90 a 107%. A adsorção dos analitos e padrões internos sobre as nanopartículas de sílica pode ser uma alternativa para a preparação de padrões de calibração quando se deseja realizar a introdução direta do material sólido em suspensão. / The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for the development of methods for elements determination in alumina, cement and quartz by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with slurry sampling. Some elements were investigated as candidates for internal standards (ISs) Be, Dy, Gd, In, La, Sc, Y, Yb and Tl. Samples of certified reference material (CRM) of alumina (Alumina Reduction Grade - 699), Portland cement (blended with the 1889a and 1886a Limestone White Portland cement with low iron) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and quartz samples, suplied by the Department of Physics from Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), named T-4FI, T-2FI and T4GR were used to optimize instrumental, method development and accuracy evaluation of the method. Nanoparticles of high purity silica (Wacker HDK T40 ®), Wacker Chemie AG were used in the study adsorption of the analytes and internal standards as calibrating material for direct analysis of solids. Correlation graphs using excitation potentials, ionization energies and melting point temperatures were used for chosing the best ISs. Exploratory analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. Optimization of ICP OES was performed in aqueous and slurry samples to establishment figures of merit, such as sensitivity, robustness, selectivity and repeatability. In the optimization of ICP, power supply, nebulizer flow rate and auxiliary gas flow rate were considered. The determination of Ca, Fe, Ga, In, Si and Zn in alumina was made after decomposition in a microwave oven with subsequent precipitation of Al(III) with NH3 gas. The internal standard was essential to obtain the accuracy of the method, with recoveries of CRM analysis ranging from 83 to 117%. For the cement analysis was evaluated the effect of nitric acid concentration over analytes extraction (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti and Zn) and ISs candidate adsorption (Be, Sc, In and Dy). Determinations of the elements in cement slurry with the internal standard (except for Cr and Zn), with 0.5% v v-1 HNO3, nebulizer Burgener and robust conditions of ICP produced results with recoveries between 68 and 119%. The determinations of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr and Ti in quartz were performed with the slurry introduction and without of internal standard, using similar conditions of those adopted for cement matrix. In this case the recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% with addition and recovery test. The adsorption of the analytes and internal standards on silica nanoparticles could be an alternative for the preparation of calibration standards when considering performing the direct introduction of solid material.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de métodos visando à determinação elementar em alumina, cimento e quartzo por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) com amostragem de suspensão. Alguns elementos foram investigados como possíveis candidatos a padrões internos (PIs) Be, Dy, Gd, In, La, Sc, Y, Yb eTl. Amostras de material de referência certificado (CRM) de alumina (Alumina Reduction Grade 699), de cimento Portland (1889a Blended with Limestone e 1886a White Portland cement with low iron) do National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST), e amostras de quartzo, cedidos pelo Departamento de Física da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), denominados T-4FI, T-2FI e T-4GR, foram utilizadas na otimização instrumental, no desenvolvimento e na avaliação da exatidão do método. Nanopartículas de sílica de alta pureza (Wacker HDK® T40), Wacker Chemie AG foram utilizadas no estudo de adsorção dos elementos e padrões internos como proposta de produção de material calibrante para a análise direta de sólidos. Para a escolha dos PIs foram construídos gráficos de correlação usando valores de potenciais de excitação, energias de ionização e temperaturas de fusão dos analitos e dos candidatos a PIs. Análise exploratória por agrupamentos hierárquicos (HCA) e análise dos componentes principais (PCA), também foram realizadas. A avaliação de desempenho do ICP OES foi feita em meio das suspensões das amostras a partir do estabelecimento de figuras de mérito como sensibilidade, robustez, seletividade e repetibilidade. Na otimização do foram considerados os parâmetros potência, vazão de nebulização e vazão de gás auxiliar. A determinação de Ca, Fe, Ga, Na, Si e Zn em alumina foi feita após dissolução em forno de micro-ondas com posterior precipitação do Al(III) com NH3. O uso de padrão interno foi essencial para a exatidão do método, com recuperações do CRM que variaram de 83 a 117%. Para a matriz cimento foram avaliados o efeito da concentração de ácido nítrico na extração dos analitos ( Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti e Zn) e na adsorção dos elementos candidatos a PIs (Be, Sc, In, Dy). As determinações por suspensão e uso de padrão interno (exceto para Cr, S e Zn), com 0,5% v v-1 de HNO3, nebulizador Burgener e condições robustas do ICP geraram resultados com recuperações entre 68 e 119%. As determinações de Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr e Ti em quartzo foram executadas com introdução de suspensão e ausência de padrão interno, usando condições do ICP similares àquelas adotadas na determinação elementar para matriz de cimento. Nesse caso as recuperações variaram de 90 a 107%. A adsorção dos analitos e padrões internos sobre as nanopartículas de sílica pode ser uma alternativa para a preparação de padrões de calibração quando se deseja realizar a introdução direta do material sólido em suspensão. / The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for the development of methods for elements determination in alumina, cement and quartz by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with slurry sampling. Some elements were investigated as candidates for internal standards (ISs) Be, Dy, Gd, In, La, Sc, Y, Yb and Tl. Samples of certified reference material (CRM) of alumina (Alumina Reduction Grade - 699), Portland cement (blended with the 1889a and 1886a Limestone White Portland cement with low iron) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and quartz samples, suplied by the Department of Physics from Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), named T-4FI, T-2FI and T4GR were used to optimize instrumental, method development and accuracy evaluation of the method. Nanoparticles of high purity silica (Wacker HDK T40 ®), Wacker Chemie AG were used in the study adsorption of the analytes and internal standards as calibrating material for direct analysis of solids. Correlation graphs using excitation potentials, ionization energies and melting point temperatures were used for chosing the best ISs. Exploratory analysis using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were also performed. Optimization of ICP OES was performed in aqueous and slurry samples to establishment figures of merit, such as sensitivity, robustness, selectivity and repeatability. In the optimization of ICP, power supply, nebulizer flow rate and auxiliary gas flow rate were considered. The determination of Ca, Fe, Ga, In, Si and Zn in alumina was made after decomposition in a microwave oven with subsequent precipitation of Al(III) with NH3 gas. The internal standard was essential to obtain the accuracy of the method, with recoveries of CRM analysis ranging from 83 to 117%. For the cement analysis was evaluated the effect of nitric acid concentration over analytes extraction (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, Ti and Zn) and ISs candidate adsorption (Be, Sc, In and Dy). Determinations of the elements in cement slurry with the internal standard (except for Cr and Zn), with 0.5% v v-1 HNO3, nebulizer Burgener and robust conditions of ICP produced results with recoveries between 68 and 119%. The determinations of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr and Ti in quartz were performed with the slurry introduction and without of internal standard, using similar conditions of those adopted for cement matrix. In this case the recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% with addition and recovery test. The adsorption of the analytes and internal standards on silica nanoparticles could be an alternative for the preparation of calibration standards when considering performing the direct introduction of solid material.