This thesis deals with design of optical system for road lighting luminaire. In the beginning the basic photometric quantities and assessment methodology for requirements of lighting class M are described. The next step is the programming of algorithm which evaluates the road lighting requirements using few boundary conditions. The input of the algorithm is also luminous intensity (power emitted in a particular direction). By the turning the algorithm over, it is possible to evaluate the luminous intensity from the road lighting requirements. Those luminous intensities are used in the process of modification of optical lens. The ray tracing of modified models of lenses was performed to obtain the tables of luminous intensity. The values of luminous intensity are verified in the same algorithm. Finally, the comparison of results was made including several luminaires out there.

Predložená dizertačná práca sa zaoberá analýzou opotrebenia totálnych bedrových endoprotéz za použitia optických metód. V práci bol predstavený nový prístup hodnotenia objemového úbytku materiálu pomocou 3D optického skeneru. Tento nový prístup je časovo efektívny, poskytuje veľké množstvo snímaných bodov na povrchu implantátu. Množstvo bodov umožňuje presnejšiu rekonštrukciu pôvodnej geometrie a prípadné rekonštrukcie nežiaducich poškodení polyetylénovej vložky pri extrakcii. Predstavené metóda bola validovaná za pomoci štandardizovanej gravimetrickej metódy v súlade s ISO 14242. Následne bol optická skenovacia metóda použitá v troch štúdiách zameraných na analýzu opotrebenia, mechanické zmeny artikulujúceho povrchu a mikroštruktúrne zmeny v dôsledku zlyhania implantátu. Analýza 23 extrahovaných polyetylénových vložiek typ Bicon - plus s rozšíreným použitím v Českej republike poukázala na niektoré problémy spojené so zlyhaním implantátu. Adhezívno - abrazívne opotrebenie bolo identifikované v oblasti penetrácie femurálnej hlavice a následné poškodenia ako delaminácia materiálu , plastické deformácie a pitting boli pozorované v okolí tejto oblasti. Analýza materiálových vlastností poukázala na degradáciu mechanických a chemických vlastností, čo bolo prevažne závislé od rozsahu opotrebenia implantátu. U implantátov boli pozorované výrazné plastické deformácie , nárast oxidačného indexu a nižší pomer tvrdosti voči modulu elasticity, v porovnaní s novými vzorkami. Tečenie materiálu a plastické deformácie, ktoré vykazovali všetky extrahované vzorky boli analyzované v závere predloženej dizertačnej práce, na základe testov na nových implantátoch v zábehovom cykle. Cieľom práce je uviesť nový prístup analýzy opotrebenia polyetylénových vložiek za pomoci optických skenovacích metód a preukázať jeho použiteľnosť na analýze súboru extrahovaných implantátov. Výsledky získané pomocou tejto metódy sa ukázali ako vhodné a môžu viesť k lepšiemu pochopeniu procesov opotrebenia a zlyhávania implantátov.

Measurement of absorption spectra of plasma during reactive ion etching enables characterization of etched species and control over the etching process. Aim of this diploma thesis is to design spectroscope with Czerny-Turner configuration for reactive ion etching system. Developed spectroscope achieves 1 nm resolution in 350-800 nm range. Device was tested during reactive ion etching of silicon.

The following work deals with basics of fiber optics, history of fiber optics, and methods of measuring physical quantities with the use of fiber optic sensors. The work includes facts about physics, chemistry and biology - these elements are necessary for a full understanding of the issue. In order to create an optical fiber temperature sensor based on Fabry Perot resonator principle, several methods of manufacturing the optical cavity are investigated. A practical part of paper consist in the manufacturing of the miniature fiber thermometer, its coating and testing.

The thesis deal with applying low-pressure low-temperature plasma to corrosion products layers on bronze. Layers of corrosion products on samples were artificially prepared. As a result, they had the same composition and could be irreversibly destroyed during experiments, which would not be possible with real archeological artifacts. Bronze, copper and tin alloy, samples were cut with respect to the size of the plasma-chemical device. XRF was used to determine the bronze composition. Before being corroded by the active medium, each sample was washed with ethanol and dried with a hot air stream. Until now, the procedure was the same for all samples. During formation of corrosion products layers, two factors have to be taken into account: the time consumption and the corrosiveness of the active environment. By focusing on one or the other factor, several groups of samples with differently degraded surfaces were created. The fastest way was to place samples in a corrosion chamber where sodium chloride solution was applied at the elevated temperature. The samples were corroded within a few days there. Longer, but in terms of corrosion products layers compactness better way proved procedure where the samples were sealed in the desiccator. At the desiccator bottom the Petri dish with an inorganic acid was placed, in our case, with hydrochloric acid inside. This method corroded the samples within one month. The longest but the most closed to the real live method was the burial of samples into soil or compost. However, this method corroded the samples within two years. Final step after the samples were removed from any corrosive environment, were dried under low pressure and were placed in a barrier film made bag together with moisture and oxygen absorbers. So prepared samples with layers of corrosion products have been treated in a low-pressure low-temperature plasma. Treatment was carried out in the apparatus which is based on the reactor: cylinder of quartz glass having a diameter of 100 mm and a length of 900 mm. The reactor was supplied with a working gas or a mixture of working gases with a total flow rate of 50 sccm. In our case, one is pure hydrogen or a combination with argon. A rotary oil pump was used to provide vacuum. The reactor base pressure was 10 Pa before treatment, while during the treatment it was 150 Pa. High-frequency generator (13.54 MHz) was used for supply the system with energy through two copper electrodes located outside the reactor. According to the energy delivery method, the treatment was carried out in a continuous or pulse mode. The sample temperature was monitored during the experiment and were evaluated the emission spectra from OES. The sample temperature was one of the key factors. The measurement was first done with a thermocouple, later switched to a thermocouple with optical data transmission. A safe temperature was set and then the whole process was controlled through it. In addition, the effect of the energy delivery method, value of the delivered power, sample size, presence of incrusted layers and composition of working gas were studied. After application of plasma, samples were analyzed by SEM – EDX and XRD. After the evaluation of the acquired knowledge and experience, a real artifact - a bronze chisel from the site of Boskovice - was treated. This documentation lacked the artifact, so it could be used to verify the lessons learned about plasma chemical reduction.

The aim of this master thesis is the preparation and characterization of plasma activated water (PAW) prepared by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in air for the future applications in agriculture and medicine. The theoretical part is focused on plasma activated water and its effects on seeds and plants. The work also deals with the preparation and application of PAW in the world. Various types of plasma discharge configurations suitable for its preparation are described here. In the experimental part of the master thesis, distilled and tap water were chosen for activation. The concentrations of active particles in PAW generated by DBD such as nitrites, nitrates and hydrogen peroxide were determined. The value of the concentration of active particles changes probably due to mutual interactions when nitrites are oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to nitrates. Physical properties of PAW such as conductivity and pH were also characterized. After the preparation of PAW, the conductivity increases due to the increase in the concentration of active particles formed by dissociation and ionization of water molecules by plasma. The particles presented in the air, which are dissociated and ionized by plasma, also diffuse into the liquid, and contribute to this increase. The decrease in pH also corresponds to an increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions and the formation of nitric acids. Another aspect of this work was to study plasma activated water during the first eight hours after its preparation and to determine its properties. We have found that PAW prepared from tap water retains its characteristic properties for at least 8 hours and distilled water for 6 hours. In the master thesis, the analysis of plasma discharge was performed using optical emission spectroscopy. OES measurements were performed in the wavelength range 300 to 800 nm. The second positive nitrogen system (N2 (C 3u) N2 (B 3g)) and the first positive nitrogen system (N2 (B 3g) N2 (A 3+u)) were identified in the overview spectrum. Molecular nitrogen ions, OH· radicals, atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen can be observed in the spectrum, too. The dielectric barrier discharge was also captured using a high-speed camera, and the recording shows the occurrence of multiple discharges that are spatially as well as temporary unstable.

This diploma thesis describes the design of the illumination system for a Coherence--Controlled Holographic Microscope (CCHM). The theoretical part mentions the history of microscopy, the principle of holography and individual types of interference microscopy. To get closer to the topic, individual light sources and an overview of current illumination systems are mentioned. The diploma thesis also describes the procedure of designing a fiber-optic illumination module for microscopy from optical design through design of construction to the last step, which is assembly and testing of the module.

This diploma thesis is about creating a program to model turbulent cells of different sizes on the chosen transmission path. The initial part of the work is devoted to the formation of atmospheric turbulence and the mathematical description of the extent of turbulence and its effect on optical waves. The methods of the turbulence generation and their physical description of formation are described below. The practical part is devoted to the created program in the MATLAB.

Advanced nanomaterials show a significant improvement in certain physical or functional properties compared to conventional materials. Such advanced materials are, for example, lead halide perovskites (LHP). It is a group of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with a direct bandgap exhibiting unique optical properties. The high quantum efficiency of photoluminescence makes nanocrystals or thin films of LHP suitable candidates for the production of light-emitting diodes, solar cells and LCD displays. Their inexpensive and simple fabrication together with their unique optical properties makes LHP one of the most developed materials of the last decade. This diploma thesis aims to study the optical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals using high lateral resolution methods. CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals show intense anti-Stokes photoluminescence. These nanocrystals can emit light with a lower wavelength than that of the light that causes their photoluminescence. The nanocrystals are prepared in two different ways: by evaporation or by crystallization of the precursor in a solution of dimethylformamide. The morphology, photoluminescence properties and chemical composition of individual nanocrystals are studied. Each nanocrystal is studied individually and its size, shape, photoluminescence properties and chemical compounds are determined, which leads to a deeper understanding of the anti-Stokes photoluminescence of perovskite nanocrystals.

The aim of the diploma thesis was the diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating conditions on Mars. This diploma thesis is focused on the simulation of Mars’ atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Due to the similar conditions of Mars' atmosphere with Earth, this planet has been explored in the past as well as up to now. Mars' atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which makes up more than 90 % of Mars' atmosphere. A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure at a flow of pure CO2 was used to simulate the atmosphere of Mars. Part of the measurement was performed only in pure CO2 with changing current of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mA. Part of the measurements was focused on the study of the effect of the addition of various gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, at changes in their flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 sccm. The products formed in the special reactor were analysed using a mass spectrometer with proton ionization and with a flight time analyser. Optical emission spectrometry was used for plasma diagnostics and composition. Mainly simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were detected. With increasing flow rates of the individual gases, more complex aromatic compounds with higher molecular weights were formed. Corresponding mass and optical emission spectra were measured simultaneously.