In Nomine Domini is an eighteen-minute composition for two chamber orchestras with two soloists using real-time interactive signal processing techniques. The first chamber orchestra is scored for flute (piccolo), English horn, trumpet in C, trombone, two percussionists (cowbells, wood blocks, tenor drum, suspended cymbal, gongs, tam-tam, temple blocks, tambourine, snare drum, timbales, and bass drum), horn in F (soloist), viola, and string bass. The second chamber orchestra is scored for oboe, clarinet in Bb (bass clarinet in Bb), bassoon, tuba, two percussionists (crotales, two marimbas, vibraphone, chimes, and tom-toms), piano (soloist), violin, and cello. Real-time interactive signal processing techniques are achieved through the use of a stereo multiple-effects signal processor and a personal computer running MIDI interactive software. The work is based upon the four-hundred and seventy-five year old in nomine composition tradition begun by John Taverner in the Benedictus of his Mass Gloria tibi Trinitas (1520) and continued in over one-hundred and fifty Renaissance settings. In Nomine Domini consists of three movements: "Taverner* derived from the Benedictus of the Mass Gloria tibi Trinitas (1520), "Byrd" derived from the Benedictus of William Byrd's Five-voice Mass (1592), and "Tye" derived from Christopher lye's In Nomine XIII "Trust" (1578). In Nomine Domini applies the English art of change ringing and three computer-assisted composition techniques: stochastic processes, fractal applications, and conditional probabilities.

Non-profit organizations play a very important role in all developed societies; however it is not easy to manage these organizations. Because of its non-profit nature, it has to generate external funds to realize its purpose. In the cultural field, there is a variety of non profit organizations which as a result to the increasing competition, had to focus on an appropriate communication. Because of reason, that marketing in non-profit organizations functions a relatively short time in comparison to profit organizations, marketing strategies and strategic planning does not have a clear direction. The aim of this thesis is to clarify the functioning of cultural non-profit organization on the example of the orchestra Prague Philharmonia and show its uneasy position next to its direct competitors which are contributory organizations funded by state or municipal sector, part of public organization or limited companies (Ltd.).

Desde seus primeiros concertos em 1953 até finais dos anos 1990, a Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp) teve uma atuação marcada por grande volatilidade, patinando em contextos de precariedade. A inauguração em 1999 da Sala São Paulo, sede da Osesp, foi o principal marco da chamada reestruturação da orquestra e contribuiu de maneira definitiva para a conquista de estabilidade e excelência artística em padrões ainda não vistos no país. Nos anos seguintes, a atuação da Osesp veio a ter grande impacto no adensamento da atividade sinfônica no Brasil. Esta tese procura identificar os principais conflitos e impasses que se colocaram durante esse processo, analisando o comportamento dos agentes nele envolvidos. Proponho que a principal força discursiva no lançamento da Sala São Paulo tem origem na dissonância entre um projeto de nível internacional no campo da música clássica e a carga simbólica de degradação do bairro da Luz. A instalação da Osesp na Sala São Paulo foi anunciada como um instrumento de transformação urbana, mas a difícil consolidação de seu projeto de estabilidade e excelência implicou o relativo insulamento da orquestra e o enfraquecimento de uma vocação mais democrática. / Since its first concerts in 1953 until the late 1990s, the activities of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (Osesp) have been characterized by a great deal of volatility, precariously skating on thin ice. The inauguration in 1999 of the Sala São Paulo concert hall, the Osesps headquarters, was the landmark moment in the so-called restructuring of the orchestra, and definitively contributed to the cementing of its permanence and artistic excellence at a level hitherto unseen in Brazil. In the years that followed, the Osesp has had a great impact on the consolidation of the symphonic tradition in Brazil. This thesis seeks to identify the principal conflicts and impasses that have arisen during this process, analysing the behaviour of the parties involved. I propose that the main discursive force during the launch of the Sala São Paulo concert hall stemmed from the dissonance between a project of international standing in the field of classical music and the symbolic burden of the degradation of the Luz district of the city of São Paulo. The announcement that the Osesp would be based in the Sala São Paulo was an urban regeneration strategy but the difficulties of consolidating the orchestras permanence and excellence involved the relative isolation of the orchestra and the undermining of a more democratic project.

Orientador: Marcos Fernandes Pupo Nogueira / Banca: Gildo Magalhães dos Santos Filho / Banca: Oscar Alejandro Fabian D'Ambrosio / Banca: Lutero Rodrigues / Banca: Julia Zanlorenzi Tygel / Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi estruturada a partir da percepção do processo de encolhimento do número de orquestras profissionais subsidiadas por organismos estatais nos últimos anos, desde 2000. O esvaziamento dos ideais civilizatórios que orientaram a criação de sinfônicas em meados do século XX e a perda de identificação de boa parte da sociedade com determinadas práticas culturais vinculadas às elites são as hipóteses levantadas para justificar esse cenário de retração da música de concerto no Brasil e, de modo específico, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, espaço privilegiado que congrega vários dos principais organismos culturais do país. O objetivo específico deste trabalho é comprovar a tendência de retração do quadro de orquestras profissionais ativas na região no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2016, investigando suas possíveis causas e significados. O estudo, elaborado com base no mapeamento das orquestras ativas ou extintas nesses 16 anos e na análise de estatísticas geográficas e socioeconômicas, bem como no histórico de formação das vias culturais na cidade de São Paulo, resultou na confirmação das hipóteses apontadas, relativas à perda da função social desses grupos e ao progressivo abandono, por parte do Estado, de um modelo de educação e civilidade estabelecido ainda na primeira metade do século XX. / Abstract: This research builds upon the observation of the shrinking process of the number of professional orchestras subsidized by state bodies in the last years, since 2000. The decline of the civilizational ideals that led to the creation of symphonies in the middle of the XX century and the loss of appreciation of considerable part of the society in cultural practices turned to the elite are the hypotheses raised to justify this scenario of concert music retraction in Brazil and, specifically, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, a privileged space that concentrates several of the main cultural organizations of the parents. This work's intention is to prove the tendency of retraction of the professional orchestras in São Paulo in the period between 2000 and 2016, analyzing all possible reasons and explanations. This work, based on the picture of active or extinct orchestras in those 16 years and the geographical analysis and socioeconomic statistics, as well as the history of culture in the city of São Paulo, resulted in the confirmation of the hypotheses related to the loss of the social function of these groups and the progressive disbandment by the State of an educational model and civility established in the first half of the twentieth century. / Doutor

Desde seus primeiros concertos em 1953 até finais dos anos 1990, a Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp) teve uma atuação marcada por grande volatilidade, patinando em contextos de precariedade. A inauguração em 1999 da Sala São Paulo, sede da Osesp, foi o principal marco da chamada reestruturação da orquestra e contribuiu de maneira definitiva para a conquista de estabilidade e excelência artística em padrões ainda não vistos no país. Nos anos seguintes, a atuação da Osesp veio a ter grande impacto no adensamento da atividade sinfônica no Brasil. Esta tese procura identificar os principais conflitos e impasses que se colocaram durante esse processo, analisando o comportamento dos agentes nele envolvidos. Proponho que a principal força discursiva no lançamento da Sala São Paulo tem origem na dissonância entre um projeto de nível internacional no campo da música clássica e a carga simbólica de degradação do bairro da Luz. A instalação da Osesp na Sala São Paulo foi anunciada como um instrumento de transformação urbana, mas a difícil consolidação de seu projeto de estabilidade e excelência implicou o relativo insulamento da orquestra e o enfraquecimento de uma vocação mais democrática. / Since its first concerts in 1953 until the late 1990s, the activities of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (Osesp) have been characterized by a great deal of volatility, precariously skating on thin ice. The inauguration in 1999 of the Sala São Paulo concert hall, the Osesps headquarters, was the landmark moment in the so-called restructuring of the orchestra, and definitively contributed to the cementing of its permanence and artistic excellence at a level hitherto unseen in Brazil. In the years that followed, the Osesp has had a great impact on the consolidation of the symphonic tradition in Brazil. This thesis seeks to identify the principal conflicts and impasses that have arisen during this process, analysing the behaviour of the parties involved. I propose that the main discursive force during the launch of the Sala São Paulo concert hall stemmed from the dissonance between a project of international standing in the field of classical music and the symbolic burden of the degradation of the Luz district of the city of São Paulo. The announcement that the Osesp would be based in the Sala São Paulo was an urban regeneration strategy but the difficulties of consolidating the orchestras permanence and excellence involved the relative isolation of the orchestra and the undermining of a more democratic project.

abstract: Since the 1980s, interest in the cognitive and affective influences on teaching has initiated studies on teacher beliefs and practices. Studies of teacher beliefs in academic areas such as reading, math, social studies, and science are prolific. However, studies about the teacher beliefs and practices of music teachers are scarce. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to explore the teacher beliefs of middle school orchestra teachers and to examine how their self-reported and observed teaching practices reflect these beliefs. Based on the work of foreign language education researcher Simon Borg (2003) a conceptual framework was developed that shows the various sources of teacher beliefs and practices, including formative preservice musical experiences, inservice contextual factors, and inservice professional development. Employing a qualitative multiple case study method, six purposely-selected middle school orchestra teachers, representing a variety of experience levels and program characteristics, shared their teacher beliefs and practices. Data generation included observations, interviews, stimulated recall (think aloud teacher commentary of videotaped teaching episodes), and written reflection surveys. During analysis, six core teacher beliefs about middle school string students and how they learn were identified. These beliefs guided the teachers’ observed practices. Findings from this study illustrated that preservice formative musical experiences influenced the middle school orchestra teachers’ beliefs about the value and importance of music teaching as a career. Data from the participants revealed a wide variety of instructional practices emanating from largely similar core pedagogical beliefs. Analysis suggested that experienced teachers held more developed teacher beliefs, and they selected instructional practices carefully, where inexperienced teachers were still formulating their own beliefs and experimenting with instructional practices. Data from the study point out that contextual constraints sometimes prevent teachers from enacting their closely held beliefs. This incongruence influenced three of the six participants to change teaching positions or retire early from the education profession. The study of music teacher beliefs and practices may be of interest to preservice and inservice music teachers and music teacher educators. Future studies may explore the relationship between teacher beliefs and practices and student achievement, and contribute to string music education research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music Education 2019

Between 1947 and 1979 the Utah Symphony Orchestra was transformed from an obscure, part-time, amateur orchestra into one of the major symphony orchestras in America. By 1947 the orchestra, which had begun as a Works Progress Administration organization, was barely hanging on. The symphony struggled to remain financially solvent, performing only a few concerts per year. Thirty-two years later the Utah Symphony Orchestra was one of the most prestigious musical ensembles in the country— receiving rave reviews from critics around the world, touring extensively, and with more than a hundred albums to its credit. The remarkable growth of the Utah Symphony Orchestra during this period is largely attributable to the efforts of one man—Maurice Abravanel. Abravanel's unwaveiing commitment to furthering classical music was responsible for the changes that altered the symphony as an organization. His drive to further cultural education throughout the world, and specifically in the American West provides a remarkable story of dedication and commitment. To place Abravanel's ideologies and organizational successes in the context of American classical music, this thesis examines the history of the symphony, as an institution, in America, before turning to a study of Abravanel's personal efforts and the Utah Symphony Orchestra's consequent growth. This thesis argues that the Utah Symphony Orchestra, specifically while under the direction of Maurice Abravanel, provides an example of positive growth in community education and classical music promotion. The particular programs that Abravanel implemented were generally successful, and ultimately responsible for the symphony's unprecedented growth. Further, by examining the challenges and solutions that Abravanel confronted in his work to build the symphony, it is possible to understand better the ingredients necessary to the development of professional classical music organizations. This study uses Abravanel's work with the Utah Symphony as a model for successful community music programs, with the intent to communicate insight into successful methods for the promotion of classical music. Such an examination provides a new and imminently practical method for the historical study of musical institutions.

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Este trabalho estuda o processo de escolarização da viola caipira. Considerando que se trata de um processo que vem se constituindo nas últimas décadas na região centro-sul do Brasil, analisa suas dimensões e implicações em relação ao instrumento, bem como em relação aos tocadores e às representações identitárias que se formaram ao longo do século XX. A tese a ser desenvolvida é a de que a formalização de práticas musicais e a sistematização de técnicas de execução do instrumento junto a diversas instâncias de consagração têm contribuído para forjar as identidades culturais de ambos, viola caipira e violeiro. Nesse sentido, afirma-se que, no âmbito de instituições provedoras de cultura e instituições escolares, está sendo gerada o que se pode considerar a técnica moderna de viola caipira. Por outro lado, mostra-se que esse processo tem se dado em função das ações socioculturais de novos violeiros, cuja formação teórico-musical é sistematizada na academia ou fora dela, por meio de processos híbridos que envolvem, especialmente, a técnica de viola caipira da tradição oral e de outros instrumentos. / This work studies the scholarization process of the viola caipira. Considering that this is a process, which is being constituted on the centre-south area of Brazil in the last decades; the dimensions and implications of the process regarding the instrument, as well as its relation to the players and the identitarian representations formed throughout the 20th century are analyzed. The theory to be developed claims that the formalization of musical practices and the systematisation of the instruments techniques of execution, along with several consecration instances, have contributed to forge the cultural identities of both, viola caipira and player. In that sense, it is asserted that, in the field of culture-provider institutions and scholar institutions, it is being generated what can be considered the modern technique of the viola caipira. On the other hand, it is shown that the process mentioned has occurred as a result of the socio-cultural actions of the new players, whose theoretical-musical formation is systematized inside or outside the academy, through hybrid processes that involve, especially, the technique of the viola caipira from oral tradition, and techniques of other instruments.

Cláudio Santoro (1919-1989) compôs, ao todo, quatorze sinfonias ao longo de toda a sua vida. A Primeira Sinfonia para duas orquestras de cordas (1940), além de possuir uma formação instrumental curiosa, também representa uma das obras inaugurais de sua primeira etapa como compositor, procurando ao lado de Koellreutter, novos paradigmas para a composição musical de seu tempo, tendo influenciado uma geração de compositores brasileiros. Este trabalho pretendeu desenvolver uma atenta e inédita análise da Primeira Sinfonia de Cláudio Santoro, procurando demonstrar sobre qual estética atonal, sendo ela dodecafônica ou livre, a obra foi escrita. Além da identificação sugerida, propõe-se também a averiguação de possíveis hibridismos estéticos que podem ter ocorrido na Primeira Sinfonia de Santoro. A análise atenta dos movimentos que constituem essa obra, utilizando métodos como a Teoria dos Conjuntos desenvolvido por Allen Forte, a Teoria dos Contornos Musicais de Robert Morris e a relação parcimoniosa entre diferentes coleções tal como proposto por Dmitri Tymoczko, nos permitiu identificar alguns processos pós-tonais, que indicam influencias de autores como Claude Debussy, Paul Hindemith e Heitor Villa-Lobos no primeiro movimento Allegro Majestoso da Primeira Sinfonia de Santoro. A manutenção de algumas sonoridades como a coleção pentatônica, a escala de tons inteiros e a coleção acústica, são alguns dos indícios que nos permite identificar tais influencias na obra de Santoro. No segundo movimento Andante quasi adagio, podemos observar um processo serial tradicional, que se desenvolveu a partir de duas séries que se relacionam. Tal apontamento foi possível a partir do método da identificação e contagem serial, tal como proposto por autores como Kostka e Francolí. No terceiro movimento, observamos uma estrutura que é engendrada a partir de coleções simétricas como a coleção eneatônica e a escala octatônica paradigmática, além de outras formatações simétricas que ocorrem a partir de sobreposições entre camadas, procedimento que também é encontrado na obra de Villa-Lobos. Nesse sentido, a Primeira Sinfonia para duas orquestras de cordas de Cláudio Santoro, foi engendrada através de procedimentos pós tonais considerados livres e sistêmicos, sendo possível observar hibridismos estilísticos nesta obra. / Cláudio Santoro (1919-1989) composed, in all, fourteen symphonies throughout his life. The First Symphony for two stringed orchestras (1940), in addition to possessing a curious instrumental formation, also represents one of the inaugural works of his first stage as composer, looking alongside Koellreutter, new paradigms for the musical composition of his time, having influenced a generation of Brazilian composers. This work developed a complete, attentive and unpublished analysis of the First Symphony of Claudio Santoro, trying to demonstrate on which atonal aesthetic, being it dodecaphonic or free, had written the work in question. Besides the suggested identification, it is also proposed the investigation of possible aesthetic hybridity that may have occurred in the First Symphony of Santoro. The careful analysis of the movements that constitute this work, using methods such as the Theory of Sets developed by Allen Forte, Robert Morris\'s Theory of Musical Constraints and the parsimonious relation between different collections as proposed by Dmitri Tymoczko allowed us to identify some post Which indicate influences by authors like Claude Debussy, Paul Hindemith and Heitor Villa-Lobos in the first Allegro Majestic movement of the First Symphony of Santoro. The maintenance of some sonorities such as the pentatonic collection, the whole-tone scale and the acoustic collection are some of the indications that allowed us to identify such influences in Santoro\'s work. In the second Andante quasi adagio movement, we can observe a traditional serial process, which developed from two series that relate, such an approach was possible from the method of serial identification and counting, as proposed by authors such as Kostka and Francolí. In the third movement, we observe a structure that is generated from symmetrical collections such as the eneatonic collection and the paradigmatic octatonic scale, as well as other symmetrical formations that occur from overlaps between layers, a procedure that is also found in the work of Villa-Lobos. In this sense, the First Symphony for two chord orchestras by Claudio Santoro was conceived through postural procedures considered free and systemic, being possible to observe stylistic hybrids in this work.