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Organisational design, development and change management is about dealing with the effectiveness and efficiency of organisations. Organisational design, development and change management practitioners use systematic strategies and approaches to improve the productivity of organisations and the well-being of individuals. In order to do this, the organisational design, development and change management practitioner must be able to manage customers, competition, change, relationships and processes. There is a need to understand the impacts of successful organisational design, development and change management implementations as they influence the success of an organisation. The aim of this study is to explore practitioners’ knowledge and experiences of organisational design, development and change management implementation. The objectives included explorations of practitioners’ experiences working on organisational design, development and change management implementations. The study is qualitative, exploratory research. Data was collected by means of face-to-face interviews guided by a semi structured interview schedule. Participants’ were practitioners working in the field of organisational design, development and change management. The study used non-probability (non-random) purposive, snowball sampling. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis to identify themes and sub themes in the data. The findings indicate what organisational design, development and change management involves, what the benefits are and the successes and challenges practitioners have encountered during implementation. The macroeconomic environment in which organisations operate is ever changing and in order to keep up, organisations need to call on experienced practitioners to assist in managing the change. The implications of the results will assist the industry as well as organisations to understand the value organisational design, development and change management implementations in enabling business strategies and driving organizations to achieve its business objective thus promoting and growing the discipline and practice.These insights will also contribute to the discipline and the availability of such data will assist future practitioners to be more effective in their roles.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / In January 1997, Robben Island Museum (RIM) opened its doors to the public as a tourist destination. This was done without any formal management structure or strategic planning, to cope not only with its mandate as the first National Museum of the new democratic South Africa, but also to meet the demand of the great interest of visitors to see this prison where the icon of the liberation struggle, Nelson Mandela was incarcerated for 27 years. This operational take-off without formal administrative management structure and strategic planning was understandable given the social and political transitional climate in the country. The effect thereof as the old adage states ‘failure to plan is planning for failure’ seems to hold true for RIM who is struggling to become a well-managed national heritage site. RIM over the years have been beset with governance and management challenges and enjoyed continual bad publicity. The study’s aim was to bring an understanding of what the major governance and managerial challenges were and to make recommendations to address those. The study was guided by a central research question namely What were the administrative and management challenges of RIM and in what ways did it impact on the operational effectiveness of RIM as a national museum and World heritage site. A number of findings emanated from the study. A key one was that clarity of roles and responsibilities of the council and the management is required. Furthermore, the vision and mission of RIM must inform the formulation of strategies to give effect thereto. This in turn must be the base for the development of an appropriate organisational structure to implement the strategies. A number of recommendation stems from the research. An important one was that appointment must be on the basis of ‘fit for purpose’. This means that staff with the right skills and capacity should be appointed as a matter of priority. In conclusion, the findings of the study could be used by other heritage organisations faced with similar organisational challenges. / Robben Island Museum Training and Development Staff Bursary

Shared Services (SS) involves the convergence and streamlining of an organisation’s functions to ensure timely service delivery as effectively and efficiently as possible. As a management structure designed to promote value generation, cost savings and improved service delivery by leveraging on economies of scale, the idea of SS is driven by cost reduction and improvements in quality levels of service and efficiency. Current conventional wisdom is that the potential for SS is increasing due to the increasing costs of changing systems and business requirements for organisations and in implementing and running information systems. In addition, due to commoditisation of large information systems such as enterprise systems, many common, supporting functions across organisations are becoming more similar than not, leading to an increasing overlap in processes and fuelling the notion that it is possible for organisations to derive benefits from collaborating and sharing their common services through an inter-organisational shared services (IOSS) arrangement. While there is some research on traditional SS, very little research has been done on IOSS. In particular, it is unclear what are the potential drivers and inhibitors of IOSS. As the concepts of IOSS and SS are closely related to that of Outsourcing, and their distinction is sometimes blurred, this research has the first objective of seeking a clear conceptual understanding of the differences between SS and Outsourcing (in motivators, arrangements, benefits, disadvantages, etc) and based on this conceptual understanding, the second objective of this research is to develop a decision model (Shared Services Potential model) which would aid organisations in deciding which arrangement would be more appropriate for them to adopt in pursuit of process improvements for their operations. As the context of the study is on universities in higher education sharing administrative services common to or across them and with the assumption that such services were homogenous in nature, this thesis also reports on a case study. The case study involved face to face interviews from representatives of an Australian university to explore the potential for IOSS. Our key findings suggest that it is possible for universities to share services common across them as most of them were currently using the same systems although independently.

The procedures to establish organisational structure are the focal subject of this study. The review of literature and research components of this dissertation identify that there is lack of procedures, processes, and working guidelines to facilitate this managerial task. The creation of any of these procedures is inherently complex as is the intended organisational structure to create. Organisational theories present several models. They identify and discuss primary organisational elements but fail to propose adequate methods for structuration. The doctoral candidate confronts this void to both practitioners and academicians by means of two approaches. Firstly, it proposes a procedure to institute organisational structure founded on the Object-Oriented paradigm. Secondly, it compares and contrasts this procedure with existing processes deployed by managers, entrepreneurs, and expert-consultants. The presentation of this procedure includes a fundamental analogy for its creation; the paradigm selection and explanation (Object-Oriented); a detailled 'step by step' guide for successful implementation and concrete applications of the procedure. The review in this area is extensive and promotes analyses that are both practical as well as theoretical. This assessment promotes and develops a research based on organisational structuring experiences. It uses quantitative and qualitative tools to collect the data. The data are discrete. Various techniques are employed to illustrate findings. Bar graphs with distributions curves represent the data. The graphical and statistical analyses argue the existence of a general procedure to set up the organisational structure. In addition, the research compares the general and proposed procedures. It uses descriptive and graphical tools for the comparison. The findings corroborate the proposed procedure as a valid method to implement organisational structure. The resulting hypotheses derived from the research problem and formulated research questions are validated. This unlocks the opportunity to formally use the procedure as appropriate guidelines for structuring. It equally demonstrates the use of paradigms borrowed from other disciplines within organisational design. Additionally, the procedural knowledge is formally transferable through university course material and lectures. The benefit of the dissertation is the inclusion of the Object-Oriented paradigm within the discipline of organisational design. In doing so, it eliminates the void in this domain and offers both academicians and managers further areas of research.

For rational theories of organisational change, organisational dysfunctionalities are nothing more than the inadequacy of organisations to maximise on their goals or lack of co-ordination of different types of inputs and processes. Usually, such observations are made in exclusion of the analysis of organisational realities and the experiences that are part of their daily realities. This thesis explores the experiences of organisational change in a single case of the provincial department of education, namely the Eastern Cape Department of Education (ECDE). Using the qualitative and exploratory methods of interviews and document analysis, it asks how and why the department was perceived to be in a state of crisis in terms of service delivery, eight years after its initial transformation. To explore these questions, the thesis looked at the interplay between context, organisational design and internal skills and capacities, as the triad of processes that influenced the patterns for organisational change in this context. Broadly, the findings revealed that issues of organisational efficiency and service delivery cannot be debated and analysed outside of the political processes that influence them. The ECDE revealed that it was caught in endless politics of networks of coalition which influenced the pattern of service delivery. As a result this thesis concluded that organisational change and service delivery debates have to extend beyond the rational inputs and outputs paradigms to look at the complexities of networks that were a coincidence of transitional politics. It therefore proposes a focus on relational and network analysis of organisations to unravel their politics and pattern of influence on service delivery.

Den tidigare stabila finansbranschen har snabbt blivit hotad av den digitala transformationen. Ett strategiskt verktyg som används av etablerade banker som står inför denna nya och föränderliga miljö är strategiska riskkapitalinvesteringar i det närliggande området av finansiella teknologier (FinTech). Denna studie undersöker strategiskt riskkapital i termer av organisatorisk design; närmare bestämt graden av autonomi i riskkapitalverksamhetens investeringsprocess. Studien undersöker konceptet riskkapitalautonomi och analyserar kvalitativt konsekvenserna av den valda nivån av autonomi.  En abduktiv metodologi används, där insamling av empiriska data från fyra fallföretag sammanflätas med en omfattande litteraturstudie inom området organisationsdesign. Studien genererar en förlängning av den aktuella litteraturen då få tidigare studier undersökt riskkapitalorganisationers grad av autonomi och dess konsekvenser i kvalitativa termer.  Studien finner att graden av autonomi hos strategiska riskkapitalverksamheter i finansindustrin bör mätas på en kontinuerlig skala, och föreslår en sådan skala baserad på två dimensioner: autonomin i sökandet efter möjliga investeringar och autonomin i beslutsprocessen. Studien finner också skillnader i de valda nivåerna av autonomi hos det studerade urvalet och diskuterar två möjliga förklaringar till dessa skillnader; målet med riskkapitalaktiviteten samt miljön organisationen verkar i.  Vidare visar studien att olika grader av självständighet ger olika kvalitativa möjligheter och begränsningar för riskkapitalorganisationer vars syfte är att uppnå strategiska fördelar för ett kapitalgivande bolag. Det visar sig att en lägre grad av autonomi underlättar för riskkapitalenheten att leverera strategiskt värde till kapitalgivaren, men att det även kan begränsa vilka investeringar enheten kan göra. Högre autonomi kan istället möjliggöra fler typer av investeringar men begränsar vilken kunskap, och därmed strategisk nytta, riskkapitalenheten kan leverera till kapitalgivaren.  Studien konkluderar att flera aspekter är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid beslut av en riskkapitalenhets grad av autonomi och bidrar med en fördjupad förståelse av den strategiska ledningen av riskkapitalaktiviteter. / The previously stable financial industry has rapidly been threatened by the digital transformation. One strategic tool used by incumbent banks facing this new and changing environment is strategic venture capital investments in the closely related field of financial technologies (FinTech). This research studies strategic venture capital in terms of the organisational design of VC activities; more specifically, the degree of autonomy of the VC’s investment process. The study investigates the concept of VC autonomy and qualitatively analyses the implications of the chosen level of autonomy. An abductive approach is used, performing empirical data collection on four case companies  and intertwining the results with an extensive literature study within the field of organisational design and performance. The study generates an extension of the current literature as few previous studies have investigated a VC’s level of autonomy and its implications in qualitative terms. The study finds that the degree of autonomy of strategic VCs should be measured on a continuous scale, and proposes such a scale based on two dimensions: the autonomy of the sourcing of possible investments, and the autonomy of investment decision-making. Furthermore, the study reveals a variance in the chosen levels of autonomy of the studied sample, and discusses two possible explanations for this variance; the objectives of the VC activity and the environment the VC operates in. Furthermore, the study shows that different degrees of autonomy induce different qualitative opportunities and limitations for VCs aiming to achieve strategic benefit for a capital providing company. A lower degree of autonomy is shown to facilitate for the VC to deliver strategic value, but may limit which investments it can make. Higher autonomy can on the contrary enable more types of investments but limit which knowledge, and thus strategic benefit, the VC can deliver. The study concludes that several aspects are of high importance to consider when choosing a VC’s degree of autonomy and contributes with a deeper understanding of the strategic management of VC activities.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’étudier les tensions que traversent les activités de services professionnels (audit, conseil...) depuis une trentaine d’années, à travers le prisme des enjeux d’équilibre de vie. Alors que ces entreprises sont mises en cause dans les medias pour leurs pratiques managériales encourageant leurs salariés à se dépasser sans cesse, elles n’ont jamais été aussi actives dans leur communication sur les enjeux de qualité de vie au travail. A travers l’analyse des travaux existants, nous montrons que le système incitatif en up- or-out des organisations professionnelles repose sur le présupposé que les professionnels aspirent principalement à être récompensés de leurs efforts par des bonus et des promotions. A travers l’analyse de 58 récits de carrière de consultants, nous identifions deux autres dimensions clés de leur expérience au travail : la nature des projets qui leurs sont assignés et l’équilibre de vie. Nous explicitons les techniques qu’ils mettent en œuvre pour tenter de répondre à ces aspirations. Dans un deuxième temps, après avoir analysé le discours managérial en vigueur dans 9 cabinets sur ces questions, nous décrivons - à travers l’étude comparative de deux cabinets de conseil – les ajustements qu’ils mettent en place pour mieux les soutenir. Nous discutons l’ampleur de la remise en cause du modèle d’organisation traditionnel de ces entreprises par ces évolutions, dans un contexte où elles sont de plus en plus menacées, que ce soit par une faible croissance de leurs activités, une pression sur les coûts, la sophistication de la demande des clients ou par un phénomène d’uberisation qui touche de façon croissante les services professionnels. / This thesis aims at studying the tensions that professional service firms (audit firms, consultancies...) have been facing for the past thirty years, through the lens of work-life balance. While these firms are increasingly questioned in the media for their managerial practices that encourage their salaries to excel themselves; they have never been so active in communicating on quality of work-life. Through a review of the literature, I show that the up- or-out incentive system of professional organisations lies on the assumption that professionals all mostly aspire to see their commitment rewarded by bonuses and promotions. Through the analysis of 58 consultants’ career stories, I identify two additional dimensions of their experience at work: the nature of the projects they are assigned and work-life balance. Then, the techniques they use to fulfil these aspirations are described. Second, after studying the managerial discourse on work-life balance in 9 consultancies, through the comparative case study of two firms I analyse the adjustments they have implemented to accommodate individual needs. I discuss the extent to which these evolutions challenge the traditional organisation of professional service firms, at a time when they are increasingly threatened by low levels of growth in the industry; pressure on cost; the sophistication of clients’ demands and the uberisation of the economy, which has also reached professional services.

Communication has been identified as an essential part of a successfully perpetuating system. In conjunction with systemic feedback processes, communication, by its very nature, plays an integral role in the way that the system operates and continues to survive. General systems theory sees communication and feedback as being understood within the context in which they appear as well as in the context of the larger system. This dissertation provides an examination of communication process within the system of a marketing research organisation. Particular attention was given to the departments within the organisation that oversee the research process as a whole. Since the organisation relies heavily on processes, systems and communication to effectively and successfully manage a research project, these aspects were examined from a systems theory perspective in order to identify areas of concern and to provide appropriate recommendations for improvement. The research design was qualitative, and data were collected by means of fourteen in-depth interviews conducted with relevant role players representing management and team members from three areas of expertise. Additional depth to the data was provided through triangulation, using conferences and observation of meetings as additional information sources. Through concept mapping and thematic analysis of the transcripts and other data, four main, interrelated themes relating to communication within the organisation emerged. These are (1) lack of vision, referring to a general and specific lack of a sense of a common goal; (2) inefficient communication processes that cause a gap between top management and other employees regarding decision making, and a lack of feedback and follow-through on expectations; (3) lack of team cohesion, creating a sense of isolation between teams, uncertainty about expectations, and a vagueness regarding roles and responsibilities; and lastly (4) skills and resource limitation, indicating a lack of training and supervision, and a lack of adherence to procedures. In order to improve communication and feedback processes, it is recommended that the organisation clearly communicates goals and objectives to employees; formalises project planning procedures; instates regular meetings that include all staff; implements sufficient and effective supervision and training; and applies a multirater evaluation and appraisal programme. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University. Macquarie Graduate School of Management. / Bibliography: p. 286-324. / The contribution of this thesis is to present a framework to analyse firms controlled by more than one board. The literature survey of Chapter 2 revealed that there is little recognition of this phenomenon and no accepted way to investigate firms governed by multiple control centres described as a "compound board". The framework is developed in Chapter 3. The historical emergence of compound boards is outlined in Chapter 4 with examples of their architecture described in Chapters 5 and 6. Chapter 7 shows how the framework provides insights not available from other theories of the firm and how selfyes governance can be furthered by utilising contrary human attributes of competition/co-operation, trust/suspicion and self-interest/altruism. / The framework is described as transaction byte analysis (TBA) as it is based on the limited and inconsistent ability of humans to transact units of information described as "bytes". TBA identifies cybernetic principles and strategies that can mitigate human limitations in processing bytes. These provide organisational design criteria for firms to obtain operating advantages. As information is a common element in varies theories of the firm, TBA relates and subsumes them while allowing any type of organisation to be analysed. / Propositions are presented in Chapter 7 for illustrating how TBA provides insights into explaining: (i) why non-trivial employee owned industrial firms have more than one board; (ii) why self-regulation and self-governance of non-trivial firms cannot be assured without a compound board; (iii) how compound boards can simplify the role, knowledge, duties and liabilities of directors; (iv) the competitive advantages of appropriate compound boards in relation to unitary control systems; (v) how to compare and evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of firms with different ownership and control structures; (vi) how to compare the relative efficacy of hierarchical and non-hierarchical firms be they in the private or public sector. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 324 p. ill