Abstract This article brings together some themes in organizational behavior: (1) the application of ¡§Q-sorts¡¨ approaches to assessing person-organization culture fit. (2) Analysis of interaction in no-turnover intention with person-organization culture fit. (3) Analyses of interaction in no-turnover intention with organization commitment and job satisfaction. Using data from employees of Chinese Petroleum Corporation in Taiwan. We used an instrument for assessing person-organization culture fit. The instrument is Organizational Culture Profile (OCP). Results indicated that no-turnover intention was predicted by person-organization culture fit, Organization commitment and job satisfaction, And also by their demographic similarity of age, curriculum, job position, family etc. But have negative relationship with educational level. Finally, results suggested the top management of CPC. They can create some good culture for competition in business, than manage most employees of CPC keeping in low turnover intention by good level of person-organization culture fit.

Abstract After operate The National Health Insurance policy, every hospital focused in decreased cost to improve profit. The nursing staffs become the main target to lower staffing cost¡Aso recruited the flexibility in nursing manpower followed. This study focuses to investigate a hospital how to utilize different working status nursing staffs and analysis they in organization commitment¡Bjob satisfaction and performance. The results are as follows¡G The nursing staff's age mostly range between 21-25, mean working years is 6.45. In functional flexibility, the formal staff is the first member to transfer place. In number flexibility, the hospital recruited contingent workers to resolve the manpower shortage. In time flexibility, part-timers could fit the vacancy in manpower of numbers and some intervals times. Estimate the cost¡Gthe part-timers part could save about NT$ 2 million dollars per year, but the temporary-contract part paid more around NT$1 million dollars in recruitment. The part-timers in moral commitment, calculative commitment, working condition and performance are below than the formal staffs. In educational level, the occupational staffs are higher than the university level staffs, but no different about job satisfaction. In married status, unmarried workers are lower than the married employees. Over 40 years old workers in many parts are higher than the 25-29 years old. More than 20 working years staffs compare with 3-5 years shows different results. The regression model exhibits formal staffs, higher supervisor ability and lower working condition then the working performance is high. Calculative commitment is different from many other parts. Total accident events and working status shows significant difference. The fall event and working status, age also have significant difference. According to the above results, this study suggests the consideration about cost, when the hospital hire the contingent workers, it still need to provide enough on-job training opportunity and other relative procedures then could maximum the efficiency of the flexibility utilization in manpower.

Under the everchanging circumstances, financial industry find it¡¦s hard without being affected by the international financial and economic situations. In face of globalization and liberlization, enterprize purchasing and merging are in surging. Taiwan as an island country, with so many financial organizations in this tiny land including basic level farmer¡¦s and fisher¡¦s credit departments, credit cooperative agencies, postal offices, local banks, foreign banks, large financial holding Co.¡Mand even super stores are fighting the finite share of market.In the rule of ¡§big becomes bigger¡¨merging turns out to be the best way of increasing one¡¦s market share rate. At the guiding policy of the overnment,Bank of Taiwan and Central Trust of China combined at July 1st, 2007 and becomes the biggest official financial holding group in Taiwan. It also sets the historic record for the biggest state-run financial holding group in scheme. This research takes the employees of Bank of Taiwan in the Kaohsiung City, Kaohsiung County and Pintung area as the object of the case, and investigating the influence of job satisfaction, organization commitment on the intentions of job rotation and resign. Four hundred and fifteen questionaires are given out, with three hundred and five copies are effectively returned, the effective return rate is beyond seventy percent. Main results of this study are as follows : 1.job feeling and job independece of the job satisfaction have been positive influence significantly on the intention of rotation. 2.Job feeling of job satisfaction shows obvious negative influence significantly on the resign intention. 3.Emotional commitment and persisting commitment of the organization commitment play strong positive influence significantly on the rotation intention. 4.Emotional commitment of the organization commitment play negative influence significantly on the resign intention.

In high- risk industries, such as aviation, safety is a key for organization survivor. Most accidents involve human losses and bring substantial cost to organizations. Accidents can devastate the reputation and profitability of any organization. In aviation, more than 80% of aircraft accidents are related to human errors. Safety culture has substantial impact on the success of any organization. Employees' performance and behaviors are influenced by their perception of safety culture within their organization. In the aviation industry, pilots are considered the last resort to prevent accidents or mishaps in the air or ground. The focus on pilots' perception of safety culture is vital to understand how the airline can influence pilots' behaviors in the flight deck, and provide opportunities to minimize risk or unsafe behavior in the future. The present study examined the effect of safety culture on safety performance among pilots of Saudi Airlines. Safety performance was measured by pilot attitude toward violations and pilot error behavior. The study further analyzed the mediating role of pilot commitment to the airline between safety culture and measures of safety performance. The study used a quantitative approach using survey questionnaire to collect the data. A total of 247 commercial airline pilots, captain and first officer, flying at Saudi Airlines voluntarily participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate each latent construct. The study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationship between all variables in the study using AMOS 22 software. The study results revealed that safety culture had a direct effect on pilot attitude toward violations and indirect effect on pilot error behavior. Moreover, safety culture had strong effect on enhancing pilot commitment to the airline. The mediating role of pilot commitment to the airline was not significant, and could not mediate the relationship between safety culture and measures of safety performance. The present research contributed to the current state of knowledge about the significant role of safety culture as a main predictor of safety performance in civil aviation. The present study contributes to aviation psychology by analyzing the effect of safety culture as a predictor for improving pilot commitment to the airline. In addition, this research analyzed the effect of safety culture on pilot attitude toward violations and pilot error behavior. Study findings can be used by airline management to better identify causes of unsafe behavior inside the cockpit. The outcomes of this research emphasize the role of management in shaping and affecting employees' behaviors and attitudes.

教育是國家百年大計，是一項無比艱鉅的築基工作，世界各國莫不藉由教育的力量以提高國民的素質。國民中學教育在我國而言，是一種基本教育（或基礎教有），也是一種強制性的義務教育，其宗旨乃在培養德智兼備、身心健全發展的青少年。為了使社會能在自由民主的環境下和諧運作，政府有必要讓社會上每個成員皆兵備基本的溝通能力與素養，是以此種基本教有具有明顯的「社會外部效果」。政府多年來對國中教育的努力，雖已獲致相當的成就，但同時也產生了一些負面效應為人所詬病，而教育主管機關也正思以試辦「自願就學方案」及「十年國民教育」等措施推動教育革新，力促教育品質能不所提升。這些教育革新工作，首賴國中成員--教職員全力配合推動。因此，在診視及推動國中教育改革政策之際，有關教職員對學校組織的工作態度，實有必要進行深入的探討。 　　本研究透過文獻探討法整合有關「工作滿足」與「組織承諾」的相關文獻及理論；以實地觀察法觀察國中教職員的個人背景、工作屬性及其工作的態度與行為；以問卷調查法針對高雄市地區市立國中的教職員進行抽樣調查及統計分析；另以深度訪談法禰補問卷調查及實地觀察所獲資料的不足，同時用來作為調查資料統計分析後的輔助性解釋。根據研究結果有以下的主要發現： 　　一、問卷所用的分量表，其適用性受到文化因素及樣本特性的影響。 　　二、教職員在工作特性構面上的反應以「自主性與重要性」最高；在工作滿足構面上以對「工作環境」的滿足感為最高；至於在組織承諾構面上則以「工作投入」的程度較高。 　　三、已婚、男性、具有較高的學歷、擔任主管職務，且年齡較長的教職員，對目前的工作較感滿足。 　　四、已婚、男性、具較高的學歷、年齡較長，且年資較深的市區學校教職員，其對組織的態度性承諾較高。 　　五、資淺的專任教師在「工作環境」及「意見溝通」上感到不滿足。 　　六、兼任行政工作教師工作特性的良窳會影響其工作的投入。 　　七、專任職員對於工作的成就發展較感不滿足。 　　八、工作特性及工作滿足感變項對組織承諾的「工作投入」構面，其預測解釋力不盡理想。 　　本研究的預期價值在於瞭解國民中學的組織成員在工作滿足與組織承諾間的關聯性，藉以研擬更妥善的管理措施，提供更佳的工作情境，以提高教學成效。依據研究結果發現，對於教育主管機關及國民中學的管理人員，提出幾項管理實務之建議︰ 　　一、充實及改善學校的工作設備。 　　二、建立教職員服務奉獻的敬業信念。 　　三、加強新進教師人際關係能力的培養。 　　四、注重對新進教師的輔導。 　　五、貫徹行政工作分層負責制度。 　　六、增加行政工作的回饋制度。 　　七、提高專任職員自我肯定的工作精神。 　　八、鼓勵全校教職員的交流互動。 　　九、增進對郊區學校專任教師的工作誘因。

The nursing staffs play an extraordinary important role of looking after the patients in the medical service. However, short of nursing staffs in the last couple of years in Taiwan, is a very serious problem, which leads both of the medical service environment and the clinical nursing into a difficult position. The outflow of nursing personnel is an international issue. Therefore, how to keep their nursing staff is the primary job for each hospital. If we can know the factors of the fluctuation before layoff, we can improve and change them to reduce, or even prevent the layoff. The main purpose of this study is to find the decisive factors of the nursing staffs turnover intention , why they want to quit their job. This research picks the questionnaire survey. And the survey object is the non-manager nursing staffs in a medical center in Kaohsiung city. To reduce the influences of the common method variation (CMV), we collect the samples with the method of two-wave bands. We have selected 545 persons altogether to fill the questionnaire, and 358 persons have completed effectively the two questionnaires. The final effective returns-ration is 65,7%. We have analyzed the returned questionnaires by the SPSS17 edition of statistics software, and have confirmed the supposition by the mean value, the standard deviation, the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, the Pierson correlation analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis. In view of the influence factors of the turnover intention for the nursing staffs: self-efficacy, organizational commitment, job stress, job satisfaction and burnout ...ect. We have confirmed the results by the statistical analysis as follows: 1. Self-efficacy natively affects on turnover intention. 2. There is relationship between organization commitment and turnover intention (Affective commitment and continuance commitment natively affects on turnover intention¡FNormative commitment positively affects on turnover intention). 3. There is relationship between job stress and turnover intention (Job demand positively affects on turnover intention). 4. Job satisfaction natively affects on turnover intention. 5. There is relationship between burnout and turnover intention (Emotional exhaustion positively affects on turnover intention). 6. There is remarkable difference between the nursing staffs¡¦ age and turnover intention. There is remarkable difference between the nursing staffs¡¦ work change and turnover intention. 7. The organization commitment is the determinants of the nursing staffs¡¦ turnover intention. 8. Self-efficacy, organization commitment, job stress, job satisfaction and burnout are related to one another.

The objectives of this research are, first to develop a greater understanding of open book management, secondly to survey the current national status of open book management, and thirdly to conduct a preliminary examination on how employee attitudes are directly influenced by the open book management intervention. In this study, a questionnaire survey is conducted on 307 middle-level managers. The data is used to analyze the influence of the open book management over organization commitment and job satisfaction; then individual control variables, as well as business literacy training and pay-for-performance of the open book management are included as intervening variables to examine the effect. The study findings include the following five aspects. First, the domestic companies are more conservative in the financial disclosure. Second, the financial disclosure has positive effect on intrinsic job satisfaction and this effect is reinforced if companies implement pay-for-performance programs. Third, unless companies implement pay-for-performance programs, the financial disclosure would have no effect on recognition to the organization and extrinsic job satisfaction. Fourth, financial disclosure has positive effect on centripetal force to the organization but no significant effect after taking the intervening variables into account. It means that the centripetal force to the organization is not influenced regardless of the increased level of financial disclosure or implementation of pay-for-performance programs. Fifth, the hypothesis that the effect of business literacy training will influence the relationship between financial disclosure and employee attitude is not confirmed

Impartial Cognizance of Employee to the Organizational Performance Appraisal & the Influence to Employees Working Attitude--The object is the medical Center in Taichung. Abstract Till today, the history of performance appraisal has developed over 70 years, and also many experts and scholars put forward appraisal theories and standards, but no any enterprise will say that their own appraisal institution is perfect, because both the subjective factor, e.g.: employee themselves, organization, and society, etc., and external situation can influence performance appraisal. Due to the difference of educational background and the specific characteristics in the hospitals, this let the work of performance appraisal to be more complicated; the scholar shows that over 61% employee are discontented with the appraisal results. To the organization, the justice of appraisal is an index very important to judge the effect of performance appraisal. Moreover, we can find from more researches, employee¡¦s cognizance to the justice of performance appraisal will influence personal results and the results of organization, includes satisfaction of work, participation of work, promise to organization, and the confidence in the directors, etc. Therefore, the object in this research is the medical center in Taichung. We investigate the justice cognizance of performance appraisal institution, and the influence possible to working attitude. We use people¡¦s personal property to be control variable, the justice of performance appraisal institution (includes justice of procedure and distribution) to be independent variable, working attitude (includes job satisfaction, organization commitment, and job involvement) to be according-variable, and explore the relationship and influence of personal property variable, justice of performance appraisal, and working attitude with the items mentioned above. We hope to give the performance appraisal standard to the case hospital to evaluation, start the development of manpower, and the reference of raising employee results. This research total gives 2065 questionnaires, and effective questionnaire is 1452. Through Pearson Correlation Analysis, Hierarchical Regression Analysis, Canonical Correlation Analysis, Independent-Samples T test and Reliability Analysis, we have the finding important as follows: The correlation and the influence between the procedural justice, distributive justice and the working attitude are showed the positive obviously; further more, to explore the relationship degree between the justice of performance appraisal and working attitude with typical correlations analysis. The principle variable (construction of procedure, objective principle, expression of opinion, actual results, self-estimation, and policy opinion) influences mainly the internal and external satisfaction, effort promise, value promise, job promise, etc. 5 forecast variable; besides, objective principle influences the forecast variable of value promise and job promise. Among procedure justice of performance appraisal, distributive justice, and working attitude, it shows positive correlation and influence noticeable. Moreover, to explanation comparison between independent variable and dependent variable: explanation of procedure justice to organization commitment (value promise and job promise) is powerful than distributive justice, to the others; the explanation of distributive justice to job satisfaction and job involvement is powerful. Therefore, we can find distributive justice has its importance in the explanation to job satisfaction and job involvement. Procedure justice can forecast organization commitment. To the personal properties of employee, except sex, age, service years, marriage, education degree, and position, the difference is obvious to procedure justice, distributive justice, job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement, etc. of performance appraisal. In accordance with research conclusion of example with the reference of the case hospital¡¦s organization construction, we would like to give the suggestion in the process of performance appraisal, results, working attitude, and administrator as follows: Consider mark standard of public appraisal, distribution of reward, and conclude clearly the system of promotion of employee. Develop performance appraisal index according to character of position, build the two ¡V way communication performance appraisal system, reduce dispersion of organization space to enhance the technician¡¦s information interaction, the judge should be trained, and establish different performance appraisal index according to the character of position. Key words: Performance appraisal, Procedural justice, Distributive justice, Job satisfaction, Organization commitment, and Job involvement.

The importance of public hospitals is dwindling, and the National Health Insurance Bureau takes initiatives such as the system of payment retrenchment and the large reduction in official budgets due to the insufficiency of government finance in order to control the enlargement of medical expenditures. For this reason, it is necessary for public hospitals to make a change so as to get used to the change of the environment. The research takes Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital as an example to explore the correlation and effect of all the variables of employees¡¦ job insecurity during the pre- and post-mergence on job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement and the intent to quit. Meanwhile, hopefully the research can be the reference for managers in terms of human resource strategies while public hospitals are going to merge. There are two periods of distributing questionnaires. At first, 700 questionnaires one month before the hospital mergence (the end of November in 2002), the subject includes doctors, nurses, administrative staffs, medical technicians, and there are 390 returned questionnaires, which reaches 55.7% return rate. One year later after the hospital mergence, we perform again with 731 questionnaires , and 397 returned, which reaches 54.2% return rate. Here are the main finding (discoveries) of the research as follows: 1. The insufficiency of the consider before the hospital mergence and of the communication after the hospital mergence. 2. There are some differences of employees¡¦ job insecurity and employees¡¦ job attitudes, and the departmental mergence after the public hospital mergence. 3. Employees¡¦ helplessness has no effect between private enterprise and public hospital merging on their job satisfaction before the hospital mergence; employees¡¦ helplessness has the negative effect on their job satisfaction after the hospital mergence. 4. Employees¡¦ helplessness has no effect on their organization commitment before the hospital mergence; employees¡¦ helplessness has the negative effect on their organization commitment after the hospital mergence. 5. Employees¡¦ helplessness has no effect on their job involvement before the hospital mergence; employees¡¦ helplessness has the negative effect on their job involvement after the hospital mergence. 6. Employees¡¦ helplessness has no effect on their intent to quit before the hospital mergence; employees¡¦ helplessness has the positive effect on their intent to quit after the hospital mergence.

Based on marketing control theory, The purpose of this study is to investigate the indirected relationships between internal marketing and customer orientation, and relationships between customer orientation and service quality. The lyric survey data by questionnaire is obtained from life insurance industry in Taiwan, items and constructs are developed through principal components analysis, and the causal links among internal marketing, work group socialization, job satisfaction, organization commitment, customer orientation are exiled by structural equation model (SEM). Besides, Person correlation is also used. This study finds that internal marketing will positively indirectly influent customer orientation through work group socialation, job satisfaction, organization commitment. Besides, work group socialization has the stringest effect on customer orientation in our model. Becauce it directly influents customer orientation and directly influenced by internal marketing. Based on the result of this study, mangers who would like to enhance employees¡¦ customer orientation behaviors must pay more attenuation to informal marketing control.