No description available.

Objectives: To compare early coronary angiography to a delayed or selective approach in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without ST‐segment elevation of possible cardiac cause by means of meta‐analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for RCTs comparing early with delayed or selective coronary angiography in OHCA patients of possible cardiac origin without ST‐segment elevation. The primary endpoint was all‐cause short‐term mortality (PROSPERO CRD42021271484). Results: The search strategy identified three RCTs enrolling a total of 1167 patients. An early invasive approach was not associated with improved short‐term mortality (odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.52; p = 0.15). Further, no significant differences were shown with respect to the risk of severe neurological deficit, the composite of all‐cause mortality or severe neurological deficit, need for renal replacement therapy due to acute renal failure, and significant bleeding at short‐term follow‐up. Conclusion: Early coronary angiography in OHCA without ST‐segment elevation is not superior compared to a delayed/selective approach.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23798号 / 医博第4844号 / 新制||医||1058(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 永井 洋士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23068号 / 医博第4695号 / 新制||医||1049(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 石見 拓, 教授 大鶴 繁, 教授 福田 和彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Att överleva hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus är en allvarlig komplikation som kan leda till betydande fysiska och psykologiska utmaningar som kan påverka livskvalitén negativt. Den efterföljande vården, särskilt sjuksköterskans roll, är avgörande för att stödja återhämtningsprocessen och möta överlevarnas individuella behov. Denna litteraturöversikt syftade till att belysa erfarenheterna hos människor som har överlevt ett hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus. Genom att bearbeta åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar identifierades tre huvudkategorier och sju underkategorier som sammanfattade överlevarnas erfarenheter. Resultatet visade på en komplex förändring av livssituationen för överlevarna, vilket inkluderar både fysiska och psykologiska begränsningar. Det framkom också en ökad existentiell medvetenhet och behovet av stöd från vården, familj och vänner. Bristen på vårdens stöd betonades och behovet av individuellt anpassat stöd och tydlig vägledning för att underlätta återhämtningsprocessen. I litteraturöversikten diskuterades även möjligheten att integrera patientens livskraft och religiösa övertygelser som resurs i vården för att främja återhämtningen. Sammanfattningsvis ger denna litteraturöversikt värdefull information om överlevarnas erfarenheter av att överleva ett hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus och betonar vikten av en helhetssyn i vården för att bemöta deras behov.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a significant public health problem in most westernized industrialized nations. In spite of national and international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care, the overall survival of patients with OHCA was essentially unchanged for 30 years--from 1978 to 2008 at 7.6%. Perhaps a better indicator of Emergency Medical System (EMS) effectiveness in treating patients with OHCA is to focus on the subgroup that has a reasonable chance of survival, e.g., patients found to be in ventricular fibrillation (VF). But even in this subgroup, the average survival rate was 17.7% in the United States, unchanged between 1980 and 2003, and 21% in Europe, unchanged between 1980 and 2004. Prior to 2003, the survival of patients with OHCA, in VF in Tucson, Arizona was less than 9% in spite of incorporating previous guideline recommendations. An alternative (non-guidelines) approach to the therapy of patients with OHCA and a shockable rhythm, called Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, based on our extensive physiologic laboratory studies, was introduced in Tucson in 2003, in rural Wisconsin in 2004, and in selected EMS areas in the metropolitan Phoenix area in 2005. Survival of patients with OHCA due to VF treated with Cardiocerebral Resuscitation in rural Wisconsin increased to 38% and in 60 EMS systems in Arizona to 39%. In 2004, we began a statewide program to advocate chest compression-only CPR for bystanders of witnessed primary OHCA. Over the next five years, we found that survival of patients with a shockable rhythm was 17.7% in those treated with standard bystander CPR (mouth-to-mouth ventilations plus chest compression) compared to 33.7% for those who received bystander chest-compression-only CPR. This article on Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, by invitation following a presentation at the 2011 Danish Society Emergency Medical Conference, summarizes the results of therapy of patients with primary OHCA treated with Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, with requested emphasis on the EMS protocol.

Aim: To describe and interpret patients’, family members’ and ambulance personnel’s experiences with regard to survival, attendance, and caring at cardiac arrests and deaths, and to analyze ethical conflicts that arise in relation to families and how the personnel’s ethical competence can affect caring and the ability to handle ethical problems. Method: The three interview studies were guided by a reflective lifeworld approach grounded in phenomenology and analyzed by searching for the essence of the phenomenon in two studies and by attaining a main interpretation in one study. In the fourth study, the general approach was supplemented by “reflective equilibrium” that guided the ethical analysis. Results: The survivors are striving towards a good life by means of efforts to reach meaning and coherence, facing existential fear and insecurity as well as gratitude and the joy of life. Family members lose everyday control through feelings of unreality, inadequacy and overwhelming responsibility. Ambulance personnel’s care mediates hope and despair until the announcement of survival or death. After the event, family members risk involuntary loneliness and anxiety about the future. For the ambulance personnel, caring for families involves a need for mobility in decision making, forcing the personnel to balance their own perceptions, feelings and reactions against interpretative reasoning. To base decision making on emotional reactions creates the risk of erroneous conclusions and a care relationship with elements of dishonesty, misdirected benevolence and false hopes. Identification with family members can promote recognition of and response to their existential needs, but also frustrate meeting family members emotions’ and handling one’s own vulnerability and inadequacy. It was found that futile cardiopulmonary resuscitation, administered to patients for the benefit of family members, is not an acceptable moral practice, due both to norms of not deliberately treating persons as mere means and to norms of taking care of families. Conclusions: Ethical conflicts exist when it comes to conveying realistic hope, relief from guilt, participation, responsibility for decision making, and fairness in the professional role. Ambulance personnel need support to enhance ethical caring competence and to deal with personal discomfort, as well as clear guidelines on family support.

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-13T12:02:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAVID_PONCIANO_DE_SENA.pdf: 7136289 bytes, checksum: 63e5ded0ad929d80daf354b846f5dd28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-18T12:59:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DAVID_PONCIANO_DE_SENA.pdf: 7136289 bytes, checksum: 63e5ded0ad929d80daf354b846f5dd28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T13:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAVID_PONCIANO_DE_SENA.pdf: 7136289 bytes, checksum: 63e5ded0ad929d80daf354b846f5dd28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a serious game for mobile platforms comparing with a video-assisted self-learning method to assist in the teaching and learning process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers. In a traditional training, CPR is based on learning by doing using a simulated model with the assistance of an instructor. However, this model presents an overall higher cost and less accessibility, provoking the need for cheaper and more accessible alternative methods. Methods: Forty-five volunteer first-year medical students completed a written multiple choice and practical pretest about CPR maneuvers skills and were randomly allocated into two groups. During a period of 20 minutes, the video self-learning group with 22 students was exposed to a video-based training about CPR, while the video game group with 23 students used a serious game simulating a cardiac arrest scenario where the student should perform virtual CPR to keep playing the game. Each group then performed, a written multiple choice score and practical post-test on a CPR training model while being evaluated by three blinded emergency doctors based on 2015 AHA-BLS (American Heart Association - Basic Life Support) protocol. Both groups were also evaluated about how long they kept interested on each self-learning system. Results: The video group had superior performance as confirmed by a written multiple choice score 7.56+-0.21 against 6.51+-0,21 for a video game (p=0. 001) and practical scores 9.67+-0.21 against 8.40+-0,21 for a video game (p<0. 001). The video game group stayed longer using the method as confirmed by 18.57+- 0,66 minutes for video game group and 7.41+-0,43 for the video group (p<0. 001), demonstrating greater interest in the video game method. Conclusions: The group that used a video game as a self-training method in a short period of exposure had a lower performance than the video group in both the theoretical and practical tests regarding cardiorespiratory resuscitation. However, there was a clear preference for students to use games rather than videos as a form of self-training. / Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um jogo s?rio para plataformas m?veis em compara??o com um m?todo de autoaprendizagem assistido por v?deo para auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem das manobras de ressuscita??o cardiopulmonar (RCP). Em um treinamento tradicional, a RCP ? baseada no aprendizado pela pr?tica, utilizando um modelo simulado com a ajuda de um instrutor. No entanto, este modelo apresenta um custo global mais elevado e de menor acessibilidade, despertando a necessidade de m?todos alternativos mais baratos e pratic?veis. M?todos: Quarenta e cinco volunt?rios, estudantes de medicina do primeiro ano, completaram um pr?-teste de m?ltipla escolha escrito e um pr?-teste pr?tico sobre RCP e foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Durante um per?odo de 20 minutos, o grupo de autoaprendizagem v?deo, composto por 22 alunos, foi exposto a um v?deo de treinamento sobre a RCP, enquanto o grupo videogame, composto por 23 estudantes, utilizou um jogo s?rio, simulando um cen?rio de parada card?aca, onde o aluno deveria executar uma RCP virtual para continuar jogando. Ao t?rmino do treinamento, cada grupo foi submetido a um p?s-teste escrito de m?ltipla escolha e um p?s-teste pr?tico em um modelo de treinamento de RCP, sendo avaliados de forma cegada, por tr?s m?dicos com experi?ncia em atendimento de emerg?ncia, com base no protocolo 2015 AHA-BLS (American Heart Association - Basic Life Support). Ambos os grupos tamb?m foram avaliados quanto a quantidade de tempo que eles permaneciam interessados em cada sistema de autoaprendizagem. Resultados: O grupo v?deo apresentou desempenho superior confirmado por uma maior pontua??o no teste escrito de m?ltipla escolha, 7.56 + -0.21 contra 6.51 + -0,21 para videogame (p = 0. 001) e pontua??o no teste de avalia??o pr?tica 9,67 + -0,21 contra 8,40 + -0,21 para videogame (p <0. 001). O grupo videogame permaneceu mais tempo utilizando o m?todo, 18,57 + - 0,66 minutos para o grupo videogame e 7,41 + -0,43 para o grupo v?deo (p <0. 001), demonstrando maior interesse no m?todo do videogame. Conclus?es: O grupo que usou o jogo s?rio (grupo videogame) como um m?todo de autotreinamento em um curto per?odo de exposi??o teve um desempenho pior do que o grupo v?deo nos testes te?ricos e pr?ticos em rela??o ? ressuscita??o cardiopulmonar. No entanto, houve uma clara prefer?ncia por parte dos alunos em utilizar jogos em rela??o aos v?deos como forma de autotreinamento.

No início de 1990, as internações psiquiátricas no Brasil constituíam-se a segunda fonte de despesas com internações hospitalares. A partir de 1992, com as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, houve mudanças na caracterização das internações. Os hospitais psiquiátricos, progressivamente, deixaram de constituir a base do sistema assistencial, com o aumento da rede de serviços extra-hospitalares. A XIII Diretoria Regional de Saúde (DRS XIII), com sede em Ribeirão Preto, foi submetida a estas diretrizes, levando à reorganização do atendimento de saúde mental. De modo que, no início da década de 1990, a DRS XIII dispunha de 685 leitos psiquiátricos para internações agudas. As taxas de ocupação chegavam a 96% e o tempo de permanência era elevado com grande número de re-internações. Com as diretrizes, houve redução para 114 leitos para internações agudas e, concomitantemente, houve uma ampliação dos serviços extra-hospitalares de saúde mental. Essas medidas levaram a uma diminuição do número de internações e na taxa de ocupação para 60 a 70%. No entanto, a partir de 2003, passaram a ocorrer dificuldades para internação integral devido à falta de vagas. Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar essas mudanças caracterizando as internações. Foi criado um banco de dados único utilizando dados armazenados nos banco de dados de cada hospital envolvido no estudo. Todas as internações entre os anos de 1998 a 2004 foram contabilizadas. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: faixa etária, sexo, estado civil, ocupação, diagnósticos, procedência, distrito sanitário para pacientes que residiam em Ribeirão Preto, tempo de permanência, re-internações, giro leito e taxa de ocupação. Foram internados 5362 pacientes correspondendo a 11.208 internações com as seguintes proporções de distribuição: Hospital Psiquiátrico (47,8%), Hospital Geral (14,1%) e Emergência Psiquiátrica (38,1%). As taxas de ocupação nos serviços de internação integral tiveram aumento nos últimos anos da pesquisa apesar do giro leito permanecer relativamente elevado. Não existiram marcantes diferenças entre os serviços em relação às características demográficas das internações, mantendo-se um padrão de predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino, adultos jovens, sem vínculos conjugais estáveis, inativos profissionalmente e provenientes da própria região de Ribeirão Preto. As internações mais curtas predominaram nos serviços, havendo maior proporção de internações prolongadas no Hospital Geral, provavelmente pela gravidade dos casos. A maior proporção das internações é proveniente de Ribeirão Preto, com predomínio daquelas oriundas do distrito atendido pelo Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Centro de Saúde Escola. Os diagnósticos mais encontrados em todos os serviços foram os transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, transtornos do humor, transtornos psicóticos e transtornos de personalidades, havendo algumas diferenças nas proporções entre os serviços. O número de re-internações aproxima-se de um quarto (1/4) das internações em cada ano. O aumento das internações pode está relacionado as limitações da rede de serviços extra-hospitalares. A emergência psiquiátrica foi responsável por cerca de 40% das internações no período do trabalho. Novos serviços extra-hospitalares podem determinar melhorias na rede de atendimento. / At the beginning of the 1990s, psychiatric hospitalization costs were the second-largest source of all hospitalization costs in Brazil. Since 1992, as a result of the Ministry of Heath guidelines, there have been changes in the characteristics of these hospitalizations. Psychiatric hospitals have progressively ceased to be a part of the core health care system, and there has been an increase in the outpatient service network. The 13th Regional Health Authority (DRS XIII), headquartered in Ribeirão Preto, followed these guidelines, which led it to reorganize its mental health care. At the beginning of the 1990s, DRS XIII had 685 beds for the treatment of acute psychiatric patients: their occupancy rate was as high as 96%, the length of stay was high and there was a high number of readmissions. The guidelines, however, resulted in a reduction in the number of beds for acute patients to 114, whilst there was a simultaneous expansion in the mental health care outpatient services. These measures led to a drop in the number of hospital admissions, and the occupancy rate fell to 60 - 70%. Nevertheless, since 2003, it has been more difficult to provide full-time hospitalization due to lack of beds. The aim of this project is to evaluate these changes in the hospitalization policy. A central database was created using the data stored in the databases of each of the hospitals involved in the study. All hospitalizations between 1998 and 2004 were taken into account. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, marital status, occupation, diagnosis, origin, health district (for patients that live in Ribeirão Preto), length of stay, readmissions, bed turnover rate and occupancy rate. 5,362 patients were hospitalized a total of 11,208 times according to the following breakdown: Psychiatric Hospital (47.8%), General Hospital (14.1%) and Emergency Psychiatric Unit (38.1%). The occupancy rate for full-time hospitalization services has increased over the last few years in spite of the bed turnover rate remaining relatively high. There are no significant differences between services as far as the demographic characteristics of the hospitalized patients are concerned: patients are still predominantly young unemployed males, who are not in stable partnerships, and come from the Ribeirão Preto region. Short-stay hospitalizations are predominant, with a higher proportion of longer hospitalizations in the General Hospital, which was probably due to the serious nature of these cases. The largest proportion of hospitalizations comes from Ribeirão Preto, especially from the district served by the Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Centro de Saúde Escola (Mental Health Unit of the Learning Health Center). The most common diagnoses were disorders brought on by psychoactive substance abuse, mood disorders, psychotic disorders and personality disorders, with there being some differences in the proportions from one service to another. Around 1/4 of the hospitalizations each year are readmissions. The psychiatric hospitalization increasing may be dual to the outpatient service network deficient. The emergency psychiatry unit was answerable for 40% of psychiatric hospitalization reported in this study. The outpatient service development may be improve the health care system.

No início de 1990, as internações psiquiátricas no Brasil constituíam-se a segunda fonte de despesas com internações hospitalares. A partir de 1992, com as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde, houve mudanças na caracterização das internações. Os hospitais psiquiátricos, progressivamente, deixaram de constituir a base do sistema assistencial, com o aumento da rede de serviços extra-hospitalares. A XIII Diretoria Regional de Saúde (DRS XIII), com sede em Ribeirão Preto, foi submetida a estas diretrizes, levando à reorganização do atendimento de saúde mental. De modo que, no início da década de 1990, a DRS XIII dispunha de 685 leitos psiquiátricos para internações agudas. As taxas de ocupação chegavam a 96% e o tempo de permanência era elevado com grande número de re-internações. Com as diretrizes, houve redução para 114 leitos para internações agudas e, concomitantemente, houve uma ampliação dos serviços extra-hospitalares de saúde mental. Essas medidas levaram a uma diminuição do número de internações e na taxa de ocupação para 60 a 70%. No entanto, a partir de 2003, passaram a ocorrer dificuldades para internação integral devido à falta de vagas. Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar essas mudanças caracterizando as internações. Foi criado um banco de dados único utilizando dados armazenados nos banco de dados de cada hospital envolvido no estudo. Todas as internações entre os anos de 1998 a 2004 foram contabilizadas. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: faixa etária, sexo, estado civil, ocupação, diagnósticos, procedência, distrito sanitário para pacientes que residiam em Ribeirão Preto, tempo de permanência, re-internações, giro leito e taxa de ocupação. Foram internados 5362 pacientes correspondendo a 11.208 internações com as seguintes proporções de distribuição: Hospital Psiquiátrico (47,8%), Hospital Geral (14,1%) e Emergência Psiquiátrica (38,1%). As taxas de ocupação nos serviços de internação integral tiveram aumento nos últimos anos da pesquisa apesar do giro leito permanecer relativamente elevado. Não existiram marcantes diferenças entre os serviços em relação às características demográficas das internações, mantendo-se um padrão de predominância de pacientes do sexo masculino, adultos jovens, sem vínculos conjugais estáveis, inativos profissionalmente e provenientes da própria região de Ribeirão Preto. As internações mais curtas predominaram nos serviços, havendo maior proporção de internações prolongadas no Hospital Geral, provavelmente pela gravidade dos casos. A maior proporção das internações é proveniente de Ribeirão Preto, com predomínio daquelas oriundas do distrito atendido pelo Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Centro de Saúde Escola. Os diagnósticos mais encontrados em todos os serviços foram os transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, transtornos do humor, transtornos psicóticos e transtornos de personalidades, havendo algumas diferenças nas proporções entre os serviços. O número de re-internações aproxima-se de um quarto (1/4) das internações em cada ano. O aumento das internações pode está relacionado as limitações da rede de serviços extra-hospitalares. A emergência psiquiátrica foi responsável por cerca de 40% das internações no período do trabalho. Novos serviços extra-hospitalares podem determinar melhorias na rede de atendimento. / At the beginning of the 1990s, psychiatric hospitalization costs were the second-largest source of all hospitalization costs in Brazil. Since 1992, as a result of the Ministry of Heath guidelines, there have been changes in the characteristics of these hospitalizations. Psychiatric hospitals have progressively ceased to be a part of the core health care system, and there has been an increase in the outpatient service network. The 13th Regional Health Authority (DRS XIII), headquartered in Ribeirão Preto, followed these guidelines, which led it to reorganize its mental health care. At the beginning of the 1990s, DRS XIII had 685 beds for the treatment of acute psychiatric patients: their occupancy rate was as high as 96%, the length of stay was high and there was a high number of readmissions. The guidelines, however, resulted in a reduction in the number of beds for acute patients to 114, whilst there was a simultaneous expansion in the mental health care outpatient services. These measures led to a drop in the number of hospital admissions, and the occupancy rate fell to 60 - 70%. Nevertheless, since 2003, it has been more difficult to provide full-time hospitalization due to lack of beds. The aim of this project is to evaluate these changes in the hospitalization policy. A central database was created using the data stored in the databases of each of the hospitals involved in the study. All hospitalizations between 1998 and 2004 were taken into account. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, marital status, occupation, diagnosis, origin, health district (for patients that live in Ribeirão Preto), length of stay, readmissions, bed turnover rate and occupancy rate. 5,362 patients were hospitalized a total of 11,208 times according to the following breakdown: Psychiatric Hospital (47.8%), General Hospital (14.1%) and Emergency Psychiatric Unit (38.1%). The occupancy rate for full-time hospitalization services has increased over the last few years in spite of the bed turnover rate remaining relatively high. There are no significant differences between services as far as the demographic characteristics of the hospitalized patients are concerned: patients are still predominantly young unemployed males, who are not in stable partnerships, and come from the Ribeirão Preto region. Short-stay hospitalizations are predominant, with a higher proportion of longer hospitalizations in the General Hospital, which was probably due to the serious nature of these cases. The largest proportion of hospitalizations comes from Ribeirão Preto, especially from the district served by the Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Centro de Saúde Escola (Mental Health Unit of the Learning Health Center). The most common diagnoses were disorders brought on by psychoactive substance abuse, mood disorders, psychotic disorders and personality disorders, with there being some differences in the proportions from one service to another. Around 1/4 of the hospitalizations each year are readmissions. The psychiatric hospitalization increasing may be dual to the outpatient service network deficient. The emergency psychiatry unit was answerable for 40% of psychiatric hospitalization reported in this study. The outpatient service development may be improve the health care system.