<p>To be preborn and treated in a hightech environment, will expose the child for an abnormal stimulance. Immature lungs and brain are accountable for the biggest healthrisks. The medical treatment will affect the childs future development. Nursing according to NIDCAP®, Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program, aims at reducing the surrounding disturbance in relation to the childs maturity.</p><p>The aim for this literature study is to survey the affects of NIDCAP®-nursing. The literature study is based upon scientific articles. Findings showed that NIDCAP® had several positive affects on the child such as less respirator-time, increasing growth and a better cognitive progress. The affect on the family showed an improved bond between the child and its mother. </p><p>There is a great demand for survey’s concerning preborn-nursing and its affect.</p>

Hemf&#246;rlossningar i Sverige 1992-2005. F&#246;rlossningsutfall och kvinnors erfarenheter.Detta &#228;r den f&#246;rsta nationella unders&#246;kningen av planerade hemf&#246;rlossningar i Sverige. Istudierna har vi avsett att studera kvinnor som f&#246;tt eller planerat att f&#246;da barn hemma underperioden 1/1 1992 till och med 30/6 2005.Kvinnor som f&#246;dde barn hemma skiljde sig fr&#229;n kvinnor som f&#246;dde barn p&#229; sjukhus i vissaavseenden (Studie I). Data fr&#229;n det svenska medicinska f&#246;delseregistret f&#246;r perioden 1992 till2001, f&#246;r 352 kvinnor som f&#246;tt utanf&#246;r sjukhus j&#228;mf&#246;rdes med data fr&#229;n 1760 kvinnor som f&#246;ttp&#229; sjukhus. Kvinnorna som f&#246;tt utanf&#246;r sjukhus f&#246;dde fler barn, hade h&#246;gre utbildningsniv&#229;men en l&#228;gre sammanlagd familjeinkomst och de yrkesarbetade i mindre omfattning j&#228;mf&#246;rtmed kvinnor som f&#246;dde barn p&#229; sjukhus. Kvinnorna som f&#246;tt barn utanf&#246;r sjukhus var oftaref&#246;dda i ett annat europeiskt land &#228;n Sverige men mer s&#228;llan utanf&#246;r Europa. F&#246;rekomsten avhemf&#246;rlossningar i Sverige baserat p&#229; registerkod &#8221;f&#246;dd utanf&#246;r sjukhus&#8221; var 0.38 per tusenf&#246;dslar.Genom barnmorskor som bist&#229;r hemf&#246;rlossningar, annonsering och via en intressef&#246;rening f&#246;rdem som vill f&#246;da hemma, identifierades 757 kvinnor med sammanlagt 1045 planeradehemf&#246;rlossningar under perioden 1/1 1992 till 30/6 2005. Av de tillfr&#229;gade kvinnorna svarade99 procent att de ville delta i studien. Data insamlades genom fr&#229;geformul&#228;r. Totalt 100 av detillfr&#229;gade kvinnorna med sammanlagt 141 planerade hemf&#246;rlossningar &#229;terfanns inte i detmedicinska f&#246;delseregistret. F&#246;rekomsten av planerade hemf&#246;rlossningar baserat p&#229; data f&#246;rkvinnor som identifierats via hemf&#246;rlossningsbarnmorskor och annonsering, var 0.95 per tusenf&#246;dslar. F&#246;rekomsten av planerade hemf&#246;rlossningar baserat p&#229; registerdata f&#246;r dessa kvinnorvar 0.85 per tusen f&#246;dslar. &#214;verf&#246;ring till sjukhus under eller direkt efter f&#246;rlossningen skeddevid 12.5 procent av de planerade hemf&#246;rlossningarna (studie II). De vanligaste orsakerna till&#246;verf&#246;ringen var l&#229;ngsam progress (46%) samt att barnmorskan inte kunde komma n&#228;rf&#246;rlossningen hade startat (14%). Var fj&#228;rde f&#246;rstf&#246;derska avslutade sin planeradehemf&#246;rlossning p&#229; sjukhus och den vanligaste orsaken f&#246;r &#246;verf&#246;ring bland f&#246;rstf&#246;derskor varatt en annan barnmorska &#228;n den kvinnan bes&#246;kt f&#246;r v&#229;rd under graviditeten kom f&#246;r att bist&#229;f&#246;rlossningen. Faktorer som p&#229;verkade &#246;verf&#246;ring hos omf&#246;derskor var att tidigare hagenomg&#229;tt kejsarsnitt och f&#246;r b&#229;de f&#246;rstf&#246;derskor och omf&#246;derskor att graviditeten var&#246;verburen.Data fr&#229;n det svenska medicinska f&#246;delseregistret j&#228;mf&#246;rdes f&#246;r 897 f&#246;rlossningar identifieradegenom datainsamlingen till studie II och 11 341 sjukhusf&#246;rlossningar (kontrollgrupp). Kriterietf&#246;r urval av kontrollgruppen var enkelb&#246;rd i graviditetsvecka 37 - 42 samt att f&#246;rlossningenstartat spontant. Kvinnor som planerat att f&#246;da hemma f&#246;dde oftare spontant vaginalt och hademer s&#228;llan allvarliga bristningar i underlivet efter f&#246;rlossningen (studie III). Risker i sambandmed valet av f&#246;rlossningsplats hade &#246;verv&#228;gts av tre fj&#228;rdedelar av kvinnorna (studie IV).Genom egen f&#246;rberedelse, samtal fr&#228;mst med sin partner och hemf&#246;rlossningsbarnmorskan,hanterade kvinnorna tankar om att de sj&#228;lva eller deras barn skulle kunna skadas eller d&#246; vidf&#246;rlossningen. Kvinnorna undvek att diskutera risker med personal inom den konventionellav&#229;rden.Konklusioner: I Sverige, under &#229;ren 1992 &#8211; 2005, planerade omkring 100 kvinnor att f&#246;da barni hemmet varje &#229;r. En fj&#228;rdedel av f&#246;rstf&#246;derskorna avslutade sin planerade hemf&#246;rlossning p&#229;sjukhus och den totala f&#246;rekomsten av &#246;verf&#246;ringar var 12,5 procent. Kvinnorna hade &#246;verv&#228;gtrisker med en hemf&#246;rlossning men undvek att diskutera dem med personal inom sjukv&#229;rden.Den neonatala mortaliteten bland nyf&#246;dda vid planerad hemf&#246;rlossning var 2,2 per tusen inomfyra veckor efter f&#246;rlossningen j&#228;mf&#246;rt med 0,6 per tusen i sjukhusgruppen. Kvinnor somplanerade en hemf&#246;rlossning hade oftare en spontan vaginal f&#246;rlossning med f&#228;rre allvarligabristningar i underlivet efter f&#246;rlossningen j&#228;mf&#246;rt med kvinnor som f&#246;dde p&#229; sjukhus.

To be preborn and treated in a hightech environment, will expose the child for an abnormal stimulance. Immature lungs and brain are accountable for the biggest healthrisks. The medical treatment will affect the childs future development. Nursing according to NIDCAP®, Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program, aims at reducing the surrounding disturbance in relation to the childs maturity. The aim for this literature study is to survey the affects of NIDCAP®-nursing. The literature study is based upon scientific articles. Findings showed that NIDCAP® had several positive affects on the child such as less respirator-time, increasing growth and a better cognitive progress. The affect on the family showed an improved bond between the child and its mother. There is a great demand for survey’s concerning preborn-nursing and its affect.

Prehospital care has developed dramatically the last decades with the implementation of new devices and educational concepts. Clinical decisions and treatments have moved out from the hospitals to the prehospital setting. In Sweden this has been accompanied by an increase in the level of competence, i.e. by introducing nurses in the ambulances. With some exceptions the scientific support for these changes is poor. This thesis deals with such changes in three different subsets of prehospital care: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the stroke chain of survival and trauma care. We assessed the performance of ambulance crews during CPR, using a mechanical compression device, as compared to CPR using manual compressions. There was a strikingly poor quality of compressions using the mechanical device compared to CPR with manual compressions. The result calls for caution when implementing a chest compression device in clinical practice and reinforce the importance of randomised controlled trials to evaluate new interventions. Careful attention should be given to the assurance of correct application of the device. Further implementation without evaluation of the quality of mechanical compressions in a clinical setting is discouraged. Among patients with a prehospital suspicion of stroke we analysed the ambulance nurses’ ability to select the correct patient subset eligible for a CT scan as a preparation for potential thrombolysis. The results do not support an implementation of a bypass of the emergency department, using ambulance nurse competence to select patients eligible and suitable for a CT scan without a preceding assessment by a physician. The association between the Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) course and the outcome in victims of trauma was analysed in two observational studies. A study covering one county gave some support for a protective effect from PHTLS, but the estimate had a low precision. A nationwide study, covering all of Sweden, could not confirm those results. Although there was a reduction in mortality over time coinciding with the implementation of PHTLS, it did not appear to be associated with the implementation of PHTLS. Thus, we could not detect any clear beneficial impact of the PHTLS course on the outcome of trauma patients.

The current study explored the relationship between client’s history of childhood abuse and psychotherapy outcome, specifically, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems, dysfunctional attitudes, self-esteem and attachment. The study also explored the relationship between client’s history of childhood abuse and current introject style, as well as the relationship between client introject style and psychotherapy outcome. The current study consisted of a sample of 60 clients and was drawn from an archival database of clients who were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and received 16 weeks of psychotherapy treatment (Watson, Gordon, Stermac, Kalogerakos & Steckley (2003). Client’s history of childhood abuse was determined using the Traumatic Stress Inventory (TSI short-form; McCann & Pearlman, 1992). Introject styles were established using the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (SASB; Benjamin, 1974), an observer rated process measure. The middle 15 minutes of an early (session 3) and late session (session 15) were rated using the SASB. Results indicated that women who experienced childhood abuse showed a reduction in levels of their self-accepting introject style in session 15 compared to session 3 while women without childhood abuse showed increased levels of the self-accepting introject style in session 15 compared to session 3. Results also indicated that clients with managing and cultivating of self introject styles as measured at session 3 showed improvements in dysfunctional attitudes, interpersonal problems and self-esteem by the end of 16-weeks of psychotherapy. Having a history of childhood abuse was not related to any of the outcome measures; clients, regardless of history of childhood abuse improved over time. Results did show history of childhood abuse to be related to perceptions of early childhood attachment experiences; specifically, clients with histories of childhood abuse showed higher scores overall for perceptions of experiences with caregivers as rejecting and angry. Finally, results indicated that clients with a history of childhood abuse have a significantly greater number of depressive episodes on average than clients without a history of childhood abuse. Implications for future research and clinical work are discussed.

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to explore the overall perceptions that resource room teachers had of the required SMART goals, rubric outcome sampling, and the collaborative effort of Personal Program Planning team. This study included a descriptive, embedded single-case study having three sub-units. Each subunit consisted of one resource room teacher who was teaching in a central Saskatchewan urban school division at the elementary level. Each resource room teacher was asked to select one student with a cognitive, behavioural, or multiple disability and a previous PPP document written for him or her (i.e., this is not the students first year of meeting the criteria for Intensive Supports) by that particular resource room teacher. Each resource room teacher participated in three separate focus open-ended interviews designed to explore their perceptions of SMART goals, rubric outcome sampling, and the collaborative nature of the PPP process.<p> Pattern-matching and exploration building were the two analytic techniques used in this study. Numerous themes were identified in the data. The themes present in data collected from at least two of the participants included: the need to be flexible with parents; resource room teachers have large workloads; concern over EAs not being able to attend PPP meetings; the need for rubrics to be discussed within the context of a PPP meeting; the effect of having different knowledge bases and levels of expertise represented in a PPP team; the use of visual aides during the PPP meeting; and working with the dual role of resource room teacher and vice principal.

The current study explored the relationship between client’s history of childhood abuse and psychotherapy outcome, specifically, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems, dysfunctional attitudes, self-esteem and attachment. The study also explored the relationship between client’s history of childhood abuse and current introject style, as well as the relationship between client introject style and psychotherapy outcome. The current study consisted of a sample of 60 clients and was drawn from an archival database of clients who were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder and received 16 weeks of psychotherapy treatment (Watson, Gordon, Stermac, Kalogerakos & Steckley (2003). Client’s history of childhood abuse was determined using the Traumatic Stress Inventory (TSI short-form; McCann & Pearlman, 1992). Introject styles were established using the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (SASB; Benjamin, 1974), an observer rated process measure. The middle 15 minutes of an early (session 3) and late session (session 15) were rated using the SASB. Results indicated that women who experienced childhood abuse showed a reduction in levels of their self-accepting introject style in session 15 compared to session 3 while women without childhood abuse showed increased levels of the self-accepting introject style in session 15 compared to session 3. Results also indicated that clients with managing and cultivating of self introject styles as measured at session 3 showed improvements in dysfunctional attitudes, interpersonal problems and self-esteem by the end of 16-weeks of psychotherapy. Having a history of childhood abuse was not related to any of the outcome measures; clients, regardless of history of childhood abuse improved over time. Results did show history of childhood abuse to be related to perceptions of early childhood attachment experiences; specifically, clients with histories of childhood abuse showed higher scores overall for perceptions of experiences with caregivers as rejecting and angry. Finally, results indicated that clients with a history of childhood abuse have a significantly greater number of depressive episodes on average than clients without a history of childhood abuse. Implications for future research and clinical work are discussed.

The aim of this study was to find out if change in parent behavior is associated with change in preadolescent problem behavior during parent training programs. A total of 561 single parents or couples of mainly Swedish origin were randomized into one out of four parent training programs with different theoretical bases. Parents’ self-reports of their own behavior and of their children’s intensity as well as impact of problem behavior, lack of attention, and hyperactivity showed that effects were equal across interventions for both children and parents. 12 parent constructs were measured. All of them except positive parent behavior constructs correlated with all four outcomes for children on significant levels. Negative parent behavior predicted change in all child outcomes on a highly significant level.

The purpose of the study was to explore the overall perceptions that resource room teachers had of the required SMART goals, rubric outcome sampling, and the collaborative effort of Personal Program Planning team. This study included a descriptive, embedded single-case study having three sub-units. Each subunit consisted of one resource room teacher who was teaching in a central Saskatchewan urban school division at the elementary level. Each resource room teacher was asked to select one student with a cognitive, behavioural, or multiple disability and a previous PPP document written for him or her (i.e., this is not the students first year of meeting the criteria for Intensive Supports) by that particular resource room teacher. Each resource room teacher participated in three separate focus open-ended interviews designed to explore their perceptions of SMART goals, rubric outcome sampling, and the collaborative nature of the PPP process.<p> Pattern-matching and exploration building were the two analytic techniques used in this study. Numerous themes were identified in the data. The themes present in data collected from at least two of the participants included: the need to be flexible with parents; resource room teachers have large workloads; concern over EAs not being able to attend PPP meetings; the need for rubrics to be discussed within the context of a PPP meeting; the effect of having different knowledge bases and levels of expertise represented in a PPP team; the use of visual aides during the PPP meeting; and working with the dual role of resource room teacher and vice principal.