Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T18:42:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineamaraldepaula.pdf: 1460978 bytes, checksum: ff78f9b1f4676773753eff8e58c634ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:48:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineamaraldepaula.pdf: 1460978 bytes, checksum: ff78f9b1f4676773753eff8e58c634ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elaineamaraldepaula.pdf: 1460978 bytes, checksum: ff78f9b1f4676773753eff8e58c634ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / INTRODUÇÃO: O Centro HIPERDIA Minas do município de Juiz de Fora (CHDM/JF) se caracteriza pela oferta de atenção compartilhada em nível especializado para hipertensos, diabéticos e renais crônicos encaminhados a partir Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Nesse modelo de atenção, a APS deve atuar como centro coordenador do cuidado acompanhando toda a trajetória do usuário na rede por meio de ferramentas específicas e de estratégias de comunicação entre profissionais da APS e da atenção secundária a saúde. O CHDM/JF oferece atendimento interdisciplinar e exames específicos, para usuário com doença renal crônica (DRC) secundária a hipertensão arterial ou diabetes mellitus, nos estágios 3-B, 4 e 5 e / ou com o declínio da taxa de filtração glomerular ≥ 5 mL/min/ano. Por sua vez a APS representa o primeiro contato do usuário com DRC na rede de atenção à saúde, evidenciando a importância da participação dos profissionais da APS na detecção precoce dessa condição. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a estrutura das unidades de atenção primária (UAPS), os processos de trabalho e os resultados da atenção aos grupos de risco para DRC. MÉTODOS: Estudo avaliativo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 14 pontos da APS e um centro de atenção secundária do município de Juiz de Fora, MG, no período de 2010 a 2012. As informações de “Estrutura” e “Processo” foram obtidas através de questionário semiestruturado aplicado a médicos, supervisores e agentes comunitários. Os resultados da atenção foram avaliados por meio de indicadores clínicos obtidos em prontuários. As UAPS foram classificadas de acordo com o grau de implantação dos critérios de “Estrutura” e “Processo” direcionados à atenção à DRC. RESULTADOS: A classificação do grau de implantação das UAPS revelou que 36% eram “implantadas” e 64% “parcialmente implantadas” ou “não implantadas”. As UAPS “implantadas” apresentaram melhores taxas de estabilização da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (51%) quando comparadas às UAPS “parcialmente implantadas” (36%) e “não implantadas” (44%) (p=0,046). Além disso, as UAPS “implantadas” encaminharam os usuários à atenção secundária em estágios mais precoces da DRC (estágio 3B) quando comparadas as UAPS “não implantadas” (58% vs 36%) (p=0,049). CONCLUSÃO: As UAPS com pontuação mais elevada em critérios de “Estrutura” e “Processo” para atenção à DRC apresentaram melhores desfechos clínicos. / INTRODUCTION: The HIPERDIA Minas Center Juiz de Fora (CHDM/JF) is characterized by primary care and specialist collaboration in the care of patients with hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this model of care, the primary health care (PHC) should serve as the coordinating care center throughout the trajectory of the user on the network through specific tools and strategies for communication between professionals in PHC and secondary health care. The CHDM/JF offers interdisciplinary care and specific tests for chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) secondary to hypertension or diabetes mellitus, from the stages 3b to 5 and/or with a decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥5 mL/min/year. In turn PHC represents the first contact of the user with chronic kidney disease on the health care network, highlighting the importance of the participation of PHC professionals in the early detection of this condition. AIM: To evaluate the structure of primary care units (PCU), the work processes and outcomes of care for at risk groups for CKD. METHODS: Evaluative study with a quantitative approach, performed in 14 points of primary care and one center of secondary care in the city of Juiz de Fora - MG, Brazil, in the period ranging from 2010 to 2012. The information of "structure" and "process" were obtained by a semistructured questionnaire applied to physicians, administrators and community workers. The clinical parameters were assessed using clinical indicators obtained from medical records. The PCU were classified according to the degree of implantation of the “Structure” and “Process” criteria directed to the attention of the CKD. RESULTS: The classification of the degree of implantation of the PCU showed that 36% were “implanted” and 64% “partially implanted” or “not implanted”. The “implanted” PCU showed better stabilization rates of the glomerular filtration rate (51%) than the “partially implanted” (36%) and “not implanted” (44%) PCU (p=0,046). Moreover, the "implanted" UAPS forwarded users to secondary care at earlier stages of CKD (stage 3B) than the "not implanted" PCU (58% vs. 36%) (p=0.049). CONCLUSION: PCU with higher grades in the criteria of "structure" and "process" for attention to CKD showed better clinical outcomes.

Background: Patient reports of pain and function are used to inform the need for and timing of total knee replacement (TKR) and evaluate TKR outcomes. This dissertation compared measurement properties of commonly-used patient surveys in TKR and explored ways to develop more efficient knee-specific function measures. Methods: 1,179 FORCE-TJR patients (mean age=66.1, 61% female) completed questionnaires before and 6 months after TKR. Patient surveys included the knee-specific Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and generic SF-36 Health Survey. Tests of KOOS and WOMAC measurement properties included evaluations of scaling assumptions and reliability. Item response theory methods were used to calibrate 22 KOOS function items in one item bank; simulated computerized adaptive tests (CAT) then were used to evaluate shorter function scores customized for each patient. Validity and responsiveness of measures varying in attributes (knee-specific versus generic, longer versus shorter, CAT versus fixed-length) were compared. Results: KOOS and WOMAC scales generally met tests of scaling assumptions, although many pain items were equally strong measures of pain and physical function. Internal consistency reliability of KOOS and WOMAC scales exceeded minimum levels of 0.70 recommended for group-level comparisons across sociodemographic and clinical subgroups. Function items could be calibrated in one item bank. CAT simulations indicated that reliable knee-specific function scores could be estimated for most patients with a 55-86% reduction in respondent burden, but one-third could not achieve a reliable (≥ 0.95) CAT score post-TKR because the item bank did not include enough items vi measuring high function levels. KOOS and WOMAC scales were valid and responsive. Short function scales and CATs were as valid and responsive as longer KOOS and WOMAC function scales. The KOOS Quality of Life (QOL) scale and SF-36 Physical Component Summary discriminated best among groups evaluating themselves as improved, same or worse at 6 months. Conclusions: Results support use of the KOOS and WOMAC in TKR. Improved knee-specific function measures require new items that measure higher function levels. TKR outcomes should be evaluated with a knee-specific quality of life scale such as KOOS QOL, as well as knee-specific measures of pain and function and generic health measures.

Background: A landmark study suggested that wide excision of intermediate-thickness melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and subsequent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for regional disease may improve prognostication and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those undergoing wide excision alone. However, these benefits were relatively small and not associated with an improvement in disease-specific survival (DSS). It remains unknown if SLNB and subsequent treatments are beneficial in elderly patients who have a decreased overall (OS) due to other causes. Methods: Adults ≥ 70 years of age, who underwent surgical intervention for intermediate-thickness cutaneous melanoma from 2000-2013 were identified from a prospectively-maintained database. Clinicopathologic variables measured included age, gender, anatomic site, histologic type, tumor thickness, ulceration, receipt and result of SLNB, completion of CLND, OS, and DFS. Results: Ninety-one patients underwent excision of an intermediate-thickness melanoma. Forty-nine patients (54%) received a SLNB. Seven of these biopsies (14%) were positive, and five patients went on to receive CLND. Five-year OS was 41% in patients who did not receive SLNB and 52% in patients who did receive SLNB (p=0.11). DFS was similar between groups independent of receipt of SLNB. Conclusion: Among elderly patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma, patients who received SLNB had similar 5-year OS and DFS compared with those who did not receive SLNB. Routine SLNB for intermediate-thickness melanoma patients may not significantly change outcomes for this age group, and clinical decision-making should consider individual patient comorbidities and goals of care.

<p>U savremenoj hirurgiji imperativ je da hirur&scaron;ka procedura bude efikasna, ali i da obezbedi kvalitetan i brz oporavak. Najbitniji segment operativnog lečenja je obezbediti maksimalan učinak kako bi se osobi omogućio brz i potpun povratak aktivnostima dnevnog života. Posebno je pojačano&nbsp;&nbsp; interesovanje za rekonstrukciju prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kod mlađe i sporsko aktivne populacije. Trendovi u medicini kao i u ortopedskoj hirurgiji idu u pravcu smanjenja postoperativnog krvarenja, bola i skraćenja postoperativnog oporavka. Supstancija sa antifibrinolitičkim delovanjem, kao &scaron;to je traneksamična kiselina, svakako je na&scaron;la svoje mesto u smanjenju postoperativnog krvarenja. Ciljevi istraživanja su se odnosili na utvrđivanje uticaja lokalno aplikovane traneksamične kiseline tokom rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kolena na postoperativno krvarenje, posmatrane laboratorijske parametre, mere obima kolena, učestalosti postoperativnih komplikacija i kvaliteta postoperativnog oporavka između dve grupe ispitanika (ispitivana i kontrolna grupa). Studija je bila eksprimentalnog karaktera i sprovedena je u Kliničkom centru Vojvodine u Novom Sadu uz odobrenje etičke komisije. U istraživanje, metodom slučajnog izbora, bila su uključena 124 ispitanika oba pola raspoređena u dve grupe (ispitivana i kontrolna), a kod kojih je indikovana operativno zbrinjavanje prekida prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kolena i koji su dali pristanak da budu uključeni u studiju. Svi prikupljeni podaci su beleženi u protokol, koji je za ovo istraživanje posebno dizajniran. Ispitanici su bili podvrgnuti operativnom zahvatu, uz primenu op&scaron;te ili spinalne anestezije, sa postavljenom pneumatskom poveskom na operisanom ekstremitetu. Ispitivanoj grupi bilo je lokalno aplikovano 20 ml traneksamične kiseline, dok je u kontolnoj grupi na isti način aplikovano 20 ml NaCl 0,9 % rastvora. Postoperativni gubici krvi su praćeni i beleženi tokom 24 h od operacije, dok su laboratorijki nalazi uzorkovani preoperativno i sedmog postoperativnog dana. U posmatranom periodu (preoperativno, sedmog postoperativnog dana, treće i &scaron;este postoperativne nedelje) kod ispitanika je praćen obim kolena i pojava komplikacija (hematom, hemartroza). Nakon sprovedenog istraživanje, prikupljeni podaci su dokumentovani i statistički obrađeni. Rezultati istraživanja jasno ukazuju da postoji statistički značajna razlika (t=7.181, p&lt;0.001) u količni postoperativnog krvarenja između grupa. Prosečno postoperativno krvarenje u ispitivanoj grupi je bilo 71.29&plusmn;40.76 ml, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu gde je postoperativno krvarenje iznosilo 154.35&plusmn;81.45 ml. U kontrolnoj grupi, postoperativno se beleže niže vrednosti hemoglobina (t=9.608, p&lt;0.001) i hematokrita (t=8.325, p&lt;0.001), i vi&scaron;e vrednosti trombocita (t=2.201, p=0.032) nego u ispitivanoj grupi. Podaci o postoperativnom bolu ispitanika govore u prilog statistički značajnoj razlici u jačini bola prve nedelje nakon operacije između ispitivane i kontrolne grupe (t=2.405, p=0.018) i treće nedelje nakon operacije (t=3.700, p&lt;0.001). U ispitivanoj grupi zabeležena je ređa pojava hematoma 6.45% (n=4), dok je u kontrolnoj grupi 19.35% (n=12). Svi pacijenti u uzorku su popunili upitnik o postoperativnom kvalitetu oporavka. Nije zabeležena statistički značajna razlika u kvalitetu postoperativnog oporavka nakon operacije između dve analizirane grupe ispitanika. Dobijeni rezultati o postoperativnom krvarenju, nakon aplikovane traneksamične kiseline, ukazuju na efikasnost leka i pri lokalnoj primeni tokom rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukr&scaron;tenog ligamenta kolena. S obzirom na insuficijentnost podataka, ovo ispitivanje stvara &scaron;iru osnovu za dalja istraživanja.</p> / <p>In modern surgery, we need an effective surgical procedure, which provides quality and rapid recovery. The most important segment of surgical treatment is to provide maximum impact to allow a person to return quickly and fully to the activities of daily living. There has been particular interest in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in the younger and sport active population. Trends in medicine, as well as in orthopedic surgery, are heading towards reducing postoperative bleeding, pain, and postoperative recovery. A substance with antifibrinolytic activity, such as tranexamic acid, has certainly found its place in reducing postoperative bleeding. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of locally applied tranexamic acid during the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate knee ligament on postoperative bleeding, observed laboratory parameters, measures of knee circumference, frequency of postoperative complications, and quality of postoperative recovery between the two groups of subjects (study and control group). The study was prospective, conducted at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad with the approval of the ethics committee. The study, by random selection method, included 124 subjects of both sexes, divided into two groups (tested and control), which indicated operative management of the anterior cruciate ligament rupture and gave informed consent for inclusion in the study. All data collected were recorded in a protocol, which was specifically designed for this research. Subjects underwent surgery, with general or spinal anesthesia, with pneumatic attachment placed on the extremity undergoing surgery. The test group was given topically 20 ml of tranexamic acid, while the control group was administered 20 ml in the same way. NaCl 0.9% solution. Postoperative blood losses were monitored and recorded within 24 h of surgery, while laboratory findings were sampled preoperatively and on the seventh postoperative day. During the observed period (preoperatively, on the seventh postoperative day, on the third and sixth postoperative weeks), the knee volume and the occurrence of complications (hematoma, hemarthrosis) were monitored in the subjects. Following the survey, the data collected were documented and statistically processed. The study results indicate that there was a statistically significant difference (t = 7.181, p &lt;0.001) in the amount of postoperative bleeding between groups. The mean postoperative bleeding in the study group was 71.29 &plusmn; 40.76 ml, compared to the control group where postoperative bleeding was 154.35 &plusmn; 81.45ml. In the control group, lower hemoglobin values (t = 9.608, p &lt;0.001) and hematocrit (t = 8.325, p &lt;0.001) were observed postoperatively, and higher platelet counts (t = 2.201, p = 0.032) than in the study group. The data on the postoperative pain of the respondents support a statistically significant difference in the severity of pain on the first week after surgery between the study and the control group (t = 2.405, p = 0.018) and the third week after surgery (t = 3.700, p &lt;0.001). In the study group, the incidence of hematoma was less than 6.45% (n = 4), while in the control group it was 19.35% (n = 12). All patients in the sample completed a questionnaire on postoperative quality of recovery. There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of postoperative recovery after surgery between the two analyzed groups of subjects. The results of post-operative bleeding, after administrated tranexamic acid, indicate the efficacy of the drug and at a local application during the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Due to the insufficiency of data, this study creates a broad basis for further research.</p>

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Greater levels of loneliness have shown consistent associations with poorer mental and physical health; however, the reason for these relationships is unknown. Engagement in poorer health behaviors among individuals with higher levels of loneliness is one potential explanation for this relationship. Self-regulation theory suggests that coping with feelings of loneliness may impair attempts to control health behaviors. Caregivers of cancer patients have been found to have poor health behaviors (e.g., inadequate exercise) and high levels of loneliness. Thus, the aim of the study is to examine whether health behaviors mediate the relationships between loneliness and mental and physical health outcomes among caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from a longitudinal study of cancer patients and their family caregivers who were staying at the American Cancer Society’s Hope Lodge. Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring levels of loneliness, engagement in health behaviors (i.e., exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption), mental and physical health, and demographic and medical characteristics at three time points over a 4-month period. A bootstrapping macro was used to examine the indirect effect of loneliness on mental and physical health via health behaviors. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption did not mediate the relationships between loneliness and physical and mental health among cancer patients’ caregivers. Additional research is needed to determine whether health behaviors partially account for the relationships between loneliness and health outcomes or whether alternate explanations for these relationships should be considered.

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option neuropsychologie clinique (Ph.D) / Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) représente un problème de santé publique, notamment en raison de sa prévalence en hausse. La symptomatologie associée au TCC est largement hétérogène et peut compromettre le fonctionnement à long terme dans de multiples sphères, dont l’engagement aux activités quotidiennes et la participation sociale. Une pauvre réinsertion sociale engendre ensuite de vastes répercussions, tant au niveau individuel que familial, communautaire, sociétal et économique. Pour ces raisons, la participation sociale représente aujourd’hui un objectif principal et valorisé en milieu de réadaptation post-TCC, visant une réinsertion sociale optimale chez l’usager et la reprise des habitudes de vie antérieures. La mesure quantitative du niveau de participation sociale est aussi maintenant reconnue comme étant intégrale à l’évaluation du fonctionnement post-TCC. Un outil recommandé et communément utilisé en milieu de réadaptation est le Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4; Malec & Lezak, 2008), surtout pour son contenu multidimensionnel abordant un large éventail de séquelles post-aigües, sa mesure globale du niveau fonctionnel et de participation sociale, ainsi que pour ses bonnes propriétés psychométriques. Dans le cadre de travaux antérieurs, l’outil MPAI-4 a été traduit en français et adapté au contexte québécois. La version canadienne-francophone (CF-MPAI-4; McKerral et al., 2014a, 2014b) résultante a d’abord été intégrée aux Programmes TCC des établissements de réadaptation dans la région du Grand Montréal et ensuite dans les établissements de réadaptation de toute la province. L’implantation multicentrique du CF-MPAI-4 a enclenché une pratique de prise de mesure commune, systématique et longitudinale en réadaptation, générant ainsi une masse de données quantitatives quant à la récupération post-TCC au Québec. Nombreux auteurs utilisent de telles données pour tenter d’identifier les facteurs associés à la participation sociale post-TCC, dans le but d’établir des trajectoires de récupération et d’améliorer le pronostic de réinsertion sociale. Or, la littérature demeure grandement contradictoire à l’égard des facteurs prédicteurs du niveau de participation sociale post-TCC, entre autres en raison des variations méthodologiques entre les études. Encore plus, la généralisation, l’applicabilité et la validité des résultats entre études, entre populations et entre contextes demeurent incertaines, considérant l’importante influence de l’environnement (ex. : particularités démographiques, économiques, politiques, socioculturelles) sur la conceptualisation, l’interprétation et l’évolution de la participation sociale d’un individu. La littérature disponible traitant de récupération et de participation sociale post-TCC constitue donc de bonnes assises, mais reste non spécifique au contexte particulier de soins retrouvé au Québec, qui se distingue par son organisation universelle, publique et en continuum de services en traumatologie. Le système de santé québécois assure d’ailleurs l’offre de soins appropriés et en continuité selon les besoins propres à chacun, via deux parcours possibles en réadaptation : un cheminement en réadaptation interne-externe ou un cheminement en réadaptation externe seulement. Ce contexte unique appuie le besoin d’études et de données de récupération post-TCC propres au Québec. Dans cette optique, cette thèse visait à établir un premier profil multicentrique et longitudinal de la récupération fonctionnelle et de la participation sociale de la clientèle TCC québécoise et à mieux comprendre les variables associées à la participation sociale post-TCC au sein du continuum québécois de services en réadaptation. La première étude de cette thèse s’est intéressée aux propriétés psychométriques du CF-MPAI-4, ciblant en particulier la validation de la structure factorielle et la cohérence interne du questionnaire. Globalement, les résultats répliquent la structure factorielle de la version originale MPAI-4 et montrent une bonne cohérence interne aux sous-échelles. Des normes de référence québécoises ont aussi été élaborées pour guider l’interprétation clinique des scores CF-MPAI-4. Les résultats de cette étude confirment l’applicabilité, la validité et la pertinence clinique de l’instrument et consolident en parallèle son implantation aux processus cliniques des Programmes TCC au Québec. Le CF-MPAI-4 s’avère donc une mesure quantitative valide, appropriée pour documenter l’évolution fonctionnelle et la participation sociale d’une clientèle TCC en réadaptation au sein du continuum québécois de soins. La deuxième étude de cette thèse visait une meilleure compréhension de la participation sociale post-TCC au Québec et des facteurs qui y sont associés à l’aide de données cliniques et CF-MPAI-4 provenant d’usagers en réadaptation. Les résultats révèlent une amélioration significative du niveau fonctionnel et de la participation sociale en réadaptation. Encore plus, les variables impliquées dans la prédiction du niveau de participation sociale en fin de réadaptation diffèrent selon le cheminement suivi en réadaptation. Pour le parcours en réadaptation interne-externe, le niveau de participation sociale est prédit par 3 variables : le nombre d’années de scolarité, les scores Capacités et Adaptation au CF-MPAI-4 en début de réadaptation. Pour le parcours en réadaptation externe seulement, le niveau de participation sociale est prédit par 5 variables : l’hypertension prémorbide, les antécédents en santé mentale, le nombre d’heures de services indirects reçus, les scores Capacités et Adaptation au CF-MPAI-4 en début de réadaptation. Dès lors, les cliniciens peuvent utiliser ces facteurs prédicteurs pour repérer les usagers à risque d’une moins bonne participation sociale en fin de réadaptation, moduler leur prise en charge et les interventions à privilégier chez ceux-ci. En somme, les études dans cette thèse contribuent à l’avancement des connaissances dans le domaine de la réadaptation post-TCC. Les résultats comblent une lacune de données quantitatives spécifiques au Québec et suscitent une meilleure compréhension des trajectoires d’évolution et de la participation sociale post-TCC au sein du contexte québécois de réadaptation. En retour, ces nouvelles connaissances soutiennent une pratique clinique basée sur des données probantes, guident la prise de décisions quant à la prise en charge des usagers, alimentent les réflexions en matière d’efficacité, le développement et l’amélioration des services en continuum – optimisant dès lors les pratiques québécoises en réadaptation, puis ultimement les pronostics d’évolution et de réinsertion sociale des usagers post-TCC. Enfin, cette thèse souligne la complexité associée au construit de la participation sociale, eu égard aux multiples défis liés à la conceptualisation, l’opérationnalisation et l’interprétation du fonctionnement post-TCC d’un individu. / Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a public health issue, particularly due to its increasing prevalence. TBI sequelae are largely heterogeneous and can impact long-term functioning in multiple spheres, including social participation and involvement in daily activities. Poor social reintegration following TBI has broad individual, familial, community, societal and economic consequences. As such, social participation today represents a key and valued goal in post-acute TBI rehabilitation, aiming for the resumption of previous lifestyle habits and a return to active and purposeful roles in the community. The measurement of social participation outcome is also now recognized as an integral part of TBI outcome assessment. One recommended and commonly used measurement tool in rehabilitation settings is the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4; Malec & Lezak, 2008), for its multidimensional content addressing a wide range of post-acute sequelae, its global assessment of functional outcome and social participation, as well as its good psychometric properties. As part of previous work, the MPAI-4 was translated into French and adapted to the Quebec context. The resulting French-Canadian version (CF-MPAI-4; McKerral et al., 2014a, 2014b) was first implemented in the clinical practice of TBI rehabilitation programs within the Greater Montreal area and then into rehabilitation facilities across Quebec. The multicenter embedment of the CF-MPAI-4 triggered a common, systematic, and longitudinal measurement practice within rehabilitation settings, thus generating extensive empirical data on TBI recovery in Quebec. Many studies use such data to identify factors associated with social participation outcome, aiming to establish recovery trajectories and improve social reintegration following TBI. However, the literature on predictors of social participation outcome remains without consensus, in part due to methodological variations between studies. More so, the generalizability, applicability, and validity of findings between studies, samples and settings remain uncertain, given important environmental influences (ex.: demographic, economic, political, sociocultural factors) on the conceptualization, interpretation, and evolution of a person’s social participation. The available literature on TBI outcomes and social participation therefore constitute some foundation but remain nonspecific to the healthcare context found in Quebec, characterized by a universally accessible and organized trauma continuum of care. The healthcare system especially provides specialized and continuous rehabilitation care according to individuals’ needs following TBI, through two rehabilitation pathways: an inpatient-outpatient rehabilitation path or an outpatient only rehabilitation path. This brings forth the need for studies and data on post-TBI recovery specific to Quebec’s unique context. As such, this thesis aimed to establish a first multicentric and longitudinal portrait of the functional evolution and social participation of TBI patients in Quebec and to better understand factors related to social participation outcomes within the rehabilitation continuum of care. The first study of this thesis focused on the psychometric properties of the CF-MPAI-4, targeting the validation of the factor structure and the internal consistency of the tool. Overall, the results replicate the original MPAI-4 factor structure and suggest good internal consistency within the subscales. Quebec reference norms were also developed to guide the clinical interpretation of CF-MPAI-4 scores. The study therefore promotes the applicability, validity, and clinical relevance of the instrument and, in parallel, assures its integration within TBI rehabilitation programs in Quebec. The CF-MPAI-4 hence proves to be a valid tool, suitable for measuring functional evolution and social participation of TBI adults receiving rehabilitation services within the Quebec continuum of care. The second study of this thesis aimed to better understand post-TBI social participation outcome in Quebec and its associated factors using clinical and CF-MPAI-4 data from users within the rehabilitation continuum of care. Results reveal significant improvements in functional and social participation levels during rehabilitation. Furthermore, variables involved in predicting social participation outcome differ between rehabilitation care pathways. For the inpatient-outpatient rehabilitation path, social participation outcome is predicted by 3 variables: education years, CF-MPAI-4 Ability and Adjustment scores at rehabilitation intake. For the outpatient rehabilitation path, social participation outcome is predicted by 5 variables: premorbid hypertension and mental health diagnosis, total indirect rehabilitation hours received, CF-MPAI-4 Abilities and Adjustment scores at rehabilitation intake. The predictive value of those variables can help clinicians identify patients who are at risk of showing poorer social participation at discharge from rehabilitation, and influence intervention approaches put forward with these individuals. In sum, the thesis’ findings contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of TBI rehabilitation, offer evidence-based rehabilitation data specific to Quebec, and foster a better understanding of post-TBI recovery and social participation within a universally accessible and organized trauma continuum of care. In return, the new knowledge supports evidence-based clinical practices, guides decision-making regarding users’ care, prompts reflections with regards to the efficiency, development, and improvement of rehabilitation services – thereby optimizing rehabilitation practices in Quebec, and ultimately the TBI users’ recovery and social participation outcome. Finally, this thesis highlights the complexity surrounding the construct of social participation, in reference to the many challenges associated with the conceptualization, the operationalization and the interpretation of an individual's post-TBI functioning.

Objectives: A large number of people cannot afford healthcare services in the United States. Researchers have studied the impact of lack of affordability of health care on the outcomes of various physical conditions. Mental health disorders have emerged as a major public health challenge during the past decade. The lack of affordability of health care also may contribute to the burden of mental health. This research focuses on the association between financial barriers to health care and mental health outcomes in the US state of Tennessee. Methods: We used cross-sectional data contained in the 2019 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We extracted data for the state of Tennessee, which included 6242 adults aged 18 years or older. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to test the association between not being able to see a doctor with the number of mentally unhealthy days during the past month. We coded the outcome as a three-level variable, ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days, 1 to 20 past-month mentally unhealthy days, and 0 past-month mentally unhealthy days. The covariates examined included self-reported alcohol use, self-reported marijuana use, and other demographic variables. Results: Overall, 11.0% of participants reported ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days and 24.0% reported 1 to 20 past-month mentally unhealthy days. More than 13% of study participants reported they could not see a doctor because of the cost in the past 12 months. The inability to see a doctor because of the cost of care was associated with a higher risk of ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days (relative risk ratio 3.18; 95% confidence interval 2.57-3.92, P < 0.001) and 1 to 19 past-month mentally unhealthy days (relative risk ratio 1.94; 95% confidence interval 1.63-2.32, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Statistically significant associations were observed between the inability to see a doctor when needed because of cost and increased days of poorer mental health outcomes. This research has potential policy implications in the postcoronavirus disease 2019 era with healthcare transformation and significant financial impact.

The purpose of this study was to compare and measure the long term effectiveness of the rehabilitative day treatment program at San Bernardino County's Department of Mental Health. This current study was completed in 2005 and is a follow up study tracking the long term effectiveness of the program.

<p>Uvod: Stratifikacija rizika je postala integralna komponenta savremenog pristupa tretmanu u kliničkoj praksi. Danas se u dijagnostici i lečenju akutnog infarkta miokarda (AIM) koriste različiti skorovi rizika kao prognostički instrumenti za kratkoročan i dugoročan ishod bolesti. Nužni proceduralni procesi, u toku primarne perkutane koronarne intervencije (pPKI), kao i saznanja o distribuciji i vrstama lezija koronarnih arterija su od velikog značaja, te se preporučuje finalna evaluacija rizika neposredno nakon izvr&scaron;ene pPKI. Metode istraživanja podataka omogućavaju pronalaženje skrivenih obrazaca u podacima, otkrivanje njihovih uzročno-posledičnih veza I odnosa, te razvoj savremenih prediktivnih modela. Cilj: Kreiranje i testiranje jednostavnog, praktičnog i u svakodnevnoj praksi upotrebljivog prediktivnog modela za procenu intra-hospitalnog ishoda lečenja pacijenata obolelih od AIM sa ST-elevacijom (STEMI) lečenih pPKI. Metode: Istraživanje je unicentrična, retrospektivna, ali I prospektivna studija. U retrospektivnu studiju je uključeno 1495 pacijenta sa STEMI koji su lečeni na Klinici za kardiologiju Instituta za kardiovaskularne bolesti Vojvodine (IKVBV) kod kojih je u cilju rekanalizacije infarktne arterije izvr&scaron;ena pPKI, u periodu od decembra 2008. godine do decembra 2011. godine. Svaki pacijent je inicijalno predstavljen sa 629 obeležja sadržanih u postojećem IKVBV informacionom sistemu, koja čine demografske karakteristike, podaci iz anamneze i kliničkog nalaza, parametri biohemijskih analiza krvi priprijemu, parametri ehokardiografskog pregleda, angiografski i proceduralni detalji i &scaron;ifre prijemnih dijagnoza. U svrhu istraživanja podataka kori&scaron;ćeno je programsko re&scaron;enje otvorenog koda Weka. Tokom evaluacije različitih algoritama izabran je algoritam koji daje najbolje rezultate po tačnosti predikcije i ROC parametru. U sklopu retrospektivnog dela izvr&scaron;ena je validacija prediktivnog modela&nbsp; desetostrukom unakrsnom validacijom na celom skupu podataka. Prospektivnom studijom je na uzorku od 400 pacijenata sa STEMI lečenih pPKI u toku 2015. godine izvr&scaron;ena dodatna validacija razvijenog prediktivnog modela. Za iste pacijente je izračunavat i GRACE skor rizika, te je upoređena njegova, i prediktivna moć razvijenog modela. Rezultati: Alternativno stablo odluke (ADTree) izdvojen je kao algoritam sa najboljim performansama u odnosu na ostale evaluirane algoritme. Cost sensitive klasifikacija je kori&scaron;ćena kao dodatna metodologija da bi se pojačala tačnost. ADTree stablo odluke izdvojilo je osam ključnih parametara koji najvi&scaron;e utiču na ishod intra-hospitalnog lečenja: sistolni krvni pritisak pri prijemu, ejekciona frakcija leve komore, udarni volumen leve komore, troponin, kreatinin fosfokinaza, ukupni bilirubin, T talas i<br />rezultat intervencije. Performanse razvijenog modela su: tačnost predikcije je 93.17%, ROC 0.94. Razvijeni model je na prospektivnoj validaciji zadržao performanse: tačnost predikcije 90.75%, ROC 0.93. &Scaron;iroko kori&scaron;ćeni GRACE skor je na prospektivnom skupu postigao ROC=0.86, &scaron;to pokazuje da je razvijeni prediktivni model superiorniji u odnosu na njega. Zaključak: Razvijeni prediktivni model je jednostavan i pouzdan. Njegova implementacija u svakodnevnu kliničku praksu, omogućila bi kliničarima da izdvoje visokorizične pacijente, nakon reperfuzionog tretmana, a potom kod njih intenziviraju tretman i kliničko praćenje, a sa ciljem smanjenja incidence intra-hospitalnih komplikacija i povećanja njihovog preživljavanja.</p> / <p>Introduction: Risk stratification has become an integral component of modern treatment in clinical practice. Today, the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) use different risk scores as a prognostic instruments for short-term and long-term outcome of the disease. The necessary procedural processes during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) as well as knowledge about the distribution and types of lesions in coronary arteries are of great importance, and a final risk evaluation is recommended directly after the pPCI. Methods of data mining allow finding hidden patterns in data, disclosure of their causal connections and relationships, and the development of modern predictive models. Aim: To create and test a simple, practical and usable predictive model in daily practice for the&nbsp; assessment of intrahospital treatment outcome of patients with AMI with STsegment elevation (STEMI) treated with pPCI. Methods: Presented research is unicentric, retrospective but also prospective study. Retrospective study included 1495 patients with STEMI who were admitted to the Clinics of cardiology of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina (IKVBV). For the purpose of recanalization of the infarct artery, pPCI has been performed to these patients during the period from December 2008 to December 2011. Each patient was initially described with 629 attributes from the existing information system of IKVBV. Those attributes consist of demographic characteristics, data from history and clinical findings, biochemical parameters of blood tests on admission, the echocardiographic parameters, angiographic and procedural details and admission diagnosis codes. For model development, an open source software solution Weka was used. During the evaluation of different algorithms, algorithm that gives the best results in terms of accuracy and ROC parameter was chosen. As part of the retrospective study, in order to assess the models performance, ten-fold cross-validation on the entire data set was used. A prospective study, on a sample of 400 patients with STEMI, treated with pPCI in 2015, performed additional validation of the developed predictive model. GRACE risk score was calculated for the prospective study patients and comparison with the developed model has been performed. Results: Alternative decision tree (ADTree) was isolated as an algorithm with the best performance in relation to other algorithms evaluated. Cost sensitive classification was used as an additional methodology to enhance accuracy. ADTree selected eight key parameters that most influence the outcome of intra-hospital treatment: systolic blood pressure on admission, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume of the left ventricle, troponin, creatine phosphokinase, total bilirubin, T wave and the result of the intervention. The performance of the developed model are: the accuracy of the prediction is 93.17%, ROC 0.94. The developed model kept its performance in prospective validation: accuracy of prediction 90.75%, ROC 0.93. Widely used GRACE score achieved ROC = 0.86 in the prospective study patients, indicating that developed predictive model is superior to him. Conclusion: Developed predictive model is simple and reliable. Its implementation in everyday clinical practice, would allow clinicians to distinguish high-risk patients after reperfusion treatment, and then for them to intensify treatment and clinical follow-up, with an aim of reducing the incidence of intra-hospital complications and increase their survival.</p>

Le vieillissement démographique augmente rapidement la représentation des personnes âgées de plus de 50 ans parmi les utilisateurs d’aides à la mobilité motorisées (AMMs), telles que le fauteuil roulant motorisé et le quadriporteur. Le but général de la thèse est de rendre compte d’une démarche d’analyse des effets des AMMs au cours des premiers 18 mois d’utilisation chez les adultes d’âge moyen et les aînés. Notre question de recherche concerne la nature et l'importance des effets sur le fonctionnement, la pertinence sociale et le bien-être subjectif, ainsi que les liens entre les divers facteurs impliqués dans leur impact optimal. La thèse s’articule en trois volets, synthétique, méthodologique et analytique, dont les principaux résultats sont présentés dans quatre articles scientifiques. Le volet synthétique comprend une recension systématique qui révèle la représentation marginale des personnes âgées de plus de 50 ans dans les publications scientifiques sur les effets des AMMs et le faible niveau de preuve dans ce champ d’études. Les travaux liés à ce volet proposent également un cadre d’analyse reliant l’intention d’utiliser l’AMM, les habitudes de déplacements, les dimensions d’effets des AMMs sur le fonctionnement, la pertinence sociale et le bien-être subjectif, ainsi que quatre catégories de cofacteurs associés à l’utilisation (personne, aide technique, intervention, environnement). Le volet méthodologique assemble un dispositif de mesure comprenant 5 questionnaires et 18 indicateurs arrimés au cadre d’analyse et démontre l’applicabilité de l’ensemble des questionnaires pour une administration téléphonique. La validation transculturelle de deux questionnaires implique deux études réalisées auprès d’utilisateurs d’AMMs âgés de 50 à 84 ans (n=45). Ces travaux confirment la fidélité test-retest et l’équivalence des questionnaires traduits avec la version d’origine. Finalement, le volet analytique se concentre sur l’étude des habitudes de déplacements chez 3 cohortes (n=116) de personnes âgées de 50 à 89 ans, recrutées en fonction du stade d’utilisation de l’AMM. Les résultats suggèrent une amélioration de l’aire de mobilité après l’utilisation initiale ou long terme de l’AMM en comparaison avec une cohorte en attente de l’AMM, ainsi qu’une augmentation significative de la fréquence des déplacements autour du domicile et dans le voisinage. Trois facteurs associés à une aire de mobilité optimale, à savoir le genre, la nature des objectifs de participation de l’utilisateur et le type d’appareil utilisé, sont identifiés par des analyses de régression linéaires contrôlant pour l’âge. La thèse soutient l’importance de tenir compte de l’environnement et d’une combinaison de facteurs reliés à la personne et à l’aide technique pour saisir les effets des AMMs au cours des premiers mois d’utilisation. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie au suivi systématique des utilisateurs d’AMMs par les professionels de réadaptation, puisqu’ils confirment l’utilité du dispositif pour en mesurer les effets et ciblent les déterminants de la mobilité des utilisateurs d’AMMs âgés de plus de 50 ans. / Mobility-related subsidy programs are being challenged by the aging of the population as adults aged over 50 years become the most prevalent users of power mobility devices (PMDs), such as power wheelchairs and scooters. The thesis examines the impacts of PMDs for middle-aged and older adults during the first 18 months of use. Our research question concerns the nature and magnitude of outcomes pertaining to effectiveness, social significance and subjective well-being, as well as the factors associated with outcomes. The thesis comprises three sections: conceptual, methodological and analytical. The main results are presented in four manuscripts. The conceptual section includes a systematic review that reveals the limited coverage and low level of evidence of PMD outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, this section supports a conceptual framework linking intention to use the PMD, mobility habits, three dimensions of outcomes (effectiveness, social significance, subjective well-being) and four categories of co-factors asociated with the use of assistive technology (person, assistive device, intervention, environment). The methodological section assembled 5 questionnaires and 18 indicators, matched to the conceptual framework, and verified their applicability for a telephone administration. Two questionnaires required transcultural validation studies with PMD users (n=45, age 50-84 years) that confirmed the test-retest reliability and the equivalence of the questionnaires with the original versions. Finally, the analytical section examined the impact of PMDs on 3 cohorts (n=116, age 50-89 years), recruited as a function of stage of usage, and explored key factors asociated with greater life-space mobility. Cohort comparisons showed significantly greater life-space mobility for initial and long term users than for the reference group waiting for the PMD. Moreover, frequency of outings was higher for PMD users in the neighbourhood and around home. Age-adjusted linear regression analyses found greater life-space mobility associated with gender, the nature of PMD activities and device type. The thesis supports considering the environment and a combination of personal and device factors to appreciate PMD outcomes during the first months of use. The results are useful for rehabilitation services as they confirm the utility of following up PMD outcomes and identify key determinants of mobility for middle-aged and older PMD users.