Most philosophical discussions of moral consideration for animals focus on animals as a single category, neglecting to differentiate them by type or role (such as wild, domestic, laboratory, or companion). Moreover, the importance of the individual animal in terms of relationship to humans is de-emphasised. Animals should not be discussed as a monolithic group. In this thesis the dog is utilized as the paradigmatic animal to demonstrate that philosophical discourse on the ethics of consideration for animals must reflect the diversity present within the group labeled "animals". The major philosophical theories advocating moral consideration of animals are summarized, noting that all animals are discussed as one category. Anthropological evidence is provided to demonstrate the historical nature of the human-dog bond. The ethics of care provides the foundation for the claim that dogs have relational value and thus persons have the moral obligation to care for them. / Graduation date: 2004

A conservation approach developed without considering the conflicts and inequalities of political, economic and social fields can not achieve that purpose of conservation of historical and cultural values as well as engendering conflicts within relations of property relations-conservation field, social justice-conservation field and tensions between relations of property owners in areas planned to be conserved &ndash / and- state. Justified as a preference of transferring from private to public ownership of the areas those should be conserved and as a tool for solution of problems arising from restrictions on property rights of property owners, the &lsquo / barter&rsquo / system, on the one hand is becoming dysfunctional because of the contradictions between legal regulations and implementation practices, is used as a tool for production rents in reaction to the vulnerability to economic and political speculative pressures / on the other hand as being a sensitive system to inequalities in society, it deepens the disadvantageous state of property owners and produces tensions between conservation field-property owners-and-state / accordingly the justified purpose can not be realized. These findings constituting the focus of the study, verifies the necessity to reproduce the policies at &lsquo / barter&rsquo / system, justified as a conservation tool and a tool to solve the inequality problems produced while performing the conservation aim, and policies of conservation field as well.

This thesis is a critical evaluation of the methods of community engagement used by the Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission during the creation and implementation of the West Tampa Economic Development Plan. Data for this research was conducted in West Tampa, a neighborhood in Tampa, Florida. In the spring of 2005, the Planning Commission began working with the residents, business and property owners in West Tampa to develop the neighborhood's economic development plan. Using the community engagement methods of surveys, mailed and posted community announcements, community meetings, focus groups and interviews, the Planning Commission created an economic development plan which reflected the needs and concerns of the residents, business and property owners and worked to limit their displacement from the redevelopment of the neighborhood. Although these methods were designed to create avenues of participation for all segments of West Tampa's population, the neighborhood's new immigrant, Spanish speaking residents and business owners were not involved in the Planning Commission's community engagement efforts. By focusing specifically in West Tampa's Latino business district, known as "Boliche Boulevard," a long-time nickname given to the area by Tampa's Cuban immigrants, data from this research identifies the reasons for this population's absence in the creation and implementation of West Tampa's economic development plan. The use of the traditional anthropological methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews and archival research revealed the history of Boliche Blvd.'s relationship with West Tampa, the neighborhood's civic institutions and Tampa city government and how these relationships impacted the business owners' willingness and ability to participate in West Tampa's economic development plan. The Planning Commission's limited understanding of the social relationships which exist between Boliche Blvd., West Tampa and the larger City of Tampa impaired their ability to successfully reach this population with their existing community engagement methods. This research stresses the need for city-county planning agencies to critically evaluate their community engagement efforts when conducting economic development projects in diverse, multi-lingual urban neighborhoods. Community engagement must be tailored to target different language and culture groups in order to achieve successful participation from the entire neighborhood population.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Magistro darbe analizuojama Lietuvos privačių miškų kontrolės sistema. Darbo objektas – Lietuvos privačių miškų valstybinės kontrolės sistema. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti privačių miškų valstybinės kontrolės sistemą Lietuvoje bei ištirti miško kontrolės pareigūnų ir miško savininkų požiūrį į jos funkcionavimą. Darbo metodai: dokumentų analizė, anketinė apklausa ir loginė analizė. Darbo rezultatai: Lietuvos privatus miškų ūkis sąlyginai smulkus. Savininkams trūksta žinių ir pasiruošimo. Nors dauguma savininkų pelno nesiekia, privatūs miškai naudojami intensyviau nei valstybiniai. Valstybinę privačių miškų būklės, naudojimo, atkūrimo ir apsaugos kontrolę vykdo bei miško savininkus konsultuoja regionų aplinkos apsaugos departamentų rajoninės agentūros. Pareigūnų darbą apsunkina netobula teisinė bazė bei resursų trūkumas. Kontrolė daugiau grindžiama tiesioginiu reguliavimu, veiklą ribojant draudimais arba išduodant leidimus, o ne informacinėmis (mokymu ir konsultavimu) ar ekonominėmis (subsidijomis ir mokesčiais) priemonėmis. Nors dabartinė kontrolė respondentų vertinama gerai, dalis jų pripažįsta, kad ji perdėta, o dauguma sutinka, kad ateityje jos apimtys turėtų mažėti ir būtų taikomi mažesni reikalavimai. Respondentai nurodė, kad šiuo metu konsultacijų savininkams nepakanka, o ateityje jų turi daugėti. Išaugęs konsultacijų ir savininkų švietimo kiekis ne tik sumažintų miškuose daromų pažeidimų kiekį, bet ir kartu su ekonominėmis priemonėmis skatintų savininkus efektyviau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lithuanian private forests control is being analyzed in this master thesis. Object of the work – the state control system of Lithuanian private forests. Objective of the work - to analyze the state control system of Lithuanian private forests and to survey the attitude of control officers and forest owners towards its functioning. Methods: Document analysis, questionnaire, logical analysis. Results: Private forestry in Lithuania is relatively small scale. Private forest owners lack knowledge. Even if most of the owners do not seek for profit, private forests are used more intensively than state ones. The control of private forests state, utilization, regeneration and protection is carried out by the agencies of regional environment protection departments. The work of control officers is hampered by lack of recourses and imperfect legal acts. The control of private forest owners in Lithuania is mostly based on direct regulation (restrictions and permissions), but very little on extension services and economic incentives. The present control is described as good by the respondents, but some agree that it is too strict and most declare that its amounts and requirements should be reduced in the future. Respondents indicated that there is a lack of consultations at the moment and consulting amounts should grow in the future. Bigger amounts of consulting and training should not only reduce the amount of violations in private forests, but also, together with economical incentives... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.

South Africa abandoned its apartheid system in 1994, which enabled the country to be integrated into the global economy. Due to the lack of global competitiveness, between 70 and 80% of start-ups fail within five years (Goosain, 2004:23). People lost their jobs and the unemployment rate escalated from 17% to 28% (Kingdon and Knight, 2003). Government increased its support to small businesses in order to stimulate economic growth and development as an alternative means of job creation. However, studies conducted to determine the performance of small businesses reveal that most of these businesses fail irrespective of the support they receive from government due to a lack of financial management skills. The study being reported here investigated which financial management skills owners/managers of small business have and which ones are lacking in order to recommend appropriate training interventions required to develop and improve the financial management skills of such owners/managers and ultimately the management of their businesses. A literature review was conducted regarding the small business environment, training interventions and financial management skills. Financial management skill sets relevant to small business were identified and listed for empirical research purposes. Empirical research was conducted on the target population within the indicated geographical area. The study confirmed that most small business owners/managers have limited financial skills. Recommendations will be put forward on the type of skills future training needs to focus on. / Finance and Risk Management and Banking / M. Com. (Business Management)

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil (LAS) (Land and Agrarian Studies) / Fish remains a vital source of food, income, nutrition and livelihoods for millions of people in Africa. This study investigated the modalities of trading in fish imported from sub-Saharan Africa into South Africa in the Cape Town Metropolitan area. The research analyses the opportunities and constraints faced by retail fish traders and importers regarding the South African and Southern African Development Community (SADC) policies that are in place, to ascertain how far the policies go in facilitating the intra-regional fish trade. In addition, the study analyses consumer factors underlying the attractiveness of imported fish, the channels used for importation as well as the types and forms of fish imported into South Africa. The study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with purposively selected key informant retailers, traders and City of Cape Town officials to collect the information. Findings show that shop owners and traders face challenges in relation to obtaining the required documents for trading, sanitary and phytosanitary certification and tariff and non-tariff barriers at borders. Some of these challenges include long and tedious procedures to acquire documents, as well as the limitations placed on the amount of goods traders can import. Consumers (mostly from the diaspora) prefer the taste of fish that they are used to, thereby creating an increasing demand for imported fish. National and regional policies put in place do not facilitate the trade in fish as well as current municipal regulations for retailing imported fish and other food types. The study also raises critical questions about the implementation of sanitary and phytosanitary standards by officials in the food shops. The thesis concludes that is it critical for national and regional policies to be coordinated and harmonised for enhanced intra-regional fish trade, which could contribute towards increased food security, nutrition and livelihoods.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jackson oliveira texto completo.pdf: 762918 bytes, checksum: fc47114eadaccc9cfed88cc64fd81900 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-19 / A intenção deste trabalho é estudar a formação da pequena propriedade agrícola no Espírito Santo, realizando um estudo de caso em Paraju, distrito do município e Domingos Martins, o Espírito Santo e dos estados que compõe o Brasil. Nesse sentido, delimitou-se como problema de investigação a seguinte questão: Como ocorreu a formação da pequena propriedade agrícola em Paraju distrito de Domingos Martins? No intuito de responder a este questionamento, definiu-se como objetivo geral analisar como ocorreu a formação da pequena propriedade agrícola na Região Serrana do Município de Domingos Martins, em especial no Distrito de Paraju. Entre os tópicos abordados no trabalho destacam-se: apresentar a formação da pequena propriedade agrícola estado; apresentar como se encontra o município de Domingos Martins; realizar um estudo das propriedades agrícolas que se encontram no Distrito de Paraju. As conclusões do estudo demonstraram que o café constitui-se na principal atividade agrícola de Paraju, presente em quase todo o distrito, sendo responsável pela geração da maior parte da renda e dos empregos do meio rural das pequenas propriedades. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica que possibilitou estabelecer referências para a realização da pesquisa de campo e análise dos resultados dessa pesquisa. / The intention of this work is to study the formation of small farms in the Espírito Santo state, making a case study in Paraju city that is district of Domingos Martins, the Espirito Santo and of the states that Brazil composes. In this way, as delimited research problem the following question: How happened the creation of small farms in the district Paraju in Domingos Martins? For to answer this question, defying general objective that is to analyze how the formation of small farms in the mountainous region of the Municipality of Domingos Martins, in particular the district of Paraju. Among the topics covered in the present work are: to show the formation of small farm, to show how it the municipality of Domingos Martins, to do a study of farms that are in the district paraju. To prove that coffee is on the main agricultural activity of paraju present in almost all district and is responsible for generating the most revenue and employment in rural areas of small farms. In the methodological became a literature search that allowed setting benchmarks for the implementation of fieldwork and analysis of the results of this research.

The Diploma thesis focuses on the current legislation of residential co-ownership, especially of administration of a building and tract of land. Its content is divided into two parts. The aim of the first part of the thesis is to present fundamental interpretation of an institute of residential co-ownership which is one of the types of co-ownership with a large number of specifics. The thesis includes also an outline of its historical development, an analysis of conceptual theories of residential co-ownership and explanation of essential terms of the institute. As one of the most important terms is considered the term unit. For correct understanding the thesis explains also other terms which the legislation of the unit expressly operates with. The relevant examples are the terms flat, commercial premises, building and tract of land and share of a building and tract of land. The first part of the thesis serves to obtain fundamental information about an institution of residential co-ownership and its essential elements that will be used during a deeper research in the second part. The second part of the thesis deals with comprehensive legislation analysis of administration of a building and tract of land. The constituent chapters include a definition of administration of a building and tract of land,...