abstract: Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia can increase levels of oxidative stress and is an independent risk factor for complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Purpose: To evaluate the acute effects of a 15-min postmeal walk on glucose control and markers of oxidative stress following a high-carbohydrate meal. Methods: Ten obese subjects (55.0 ± 10.0 yrs) with impaired fasting glucose (107.1 ± 9.0 mg/dL) participated in this repeated measures trial. Subjects arrived at the laboratory following an overnight fast and underwent one of three conditions: 1) Test meal with no walking or fiber (CON), 2) Test meal with 10g fiber and no walking (FIB), 3) Test meal with no fiber followed by a 15-min treadmill walk at preferred walking speed (WALK). Blood samples were taken over four hours and assayed for glucose, insulin, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), catalase, uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare mean differences for all outcome variables. Results: The 2hr and 4hr incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose was lower in both FIB (2hr: -93.59 mmol&#8729;120 min&#8729;L-1, p = 0.006; 4hr: -92.59 mmol&#8729;240 min&#8729;L-1; p = 0.041) and WALK (2hr: -77.21 mmol&#8729;120 min&#8729;L-1, p = 0.002; 4hr: -102.94 mmol&#8729;240 min&#8729;L-1; p = 0.005) conditions respectively, compared with CON. There were no differences in 2hr or 4hr iAUC for glucose between FIB and WALK (2hr: p = 0.493; 4hr: p = 0.783). The 2hr iAUC for insulin was significantly lower in both FIB (-37.15 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.021) and WALK (-66.35 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p < 0.001) conditions, compared with CON, and was significantly lower in the WALK (-29.2 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.049) condition, compared with FIB. The 4hr iAUC for insulin in the WALK condition was significantly lower than both CON (-104.51 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.001) and FIB (-77.12 &#956;U &#8729;h/mL; p = 0.006) conditions. Markers of oxidative stress were not significantly different between conditions. Conclusion: A moderate 15-minute postmeal walk is an effective strategy to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. However, it is unclear if this attenuation could lead to improvements in postprandial oxidative stress. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2015

abstract: Background. Effects of lifestyle interventions on early biomarkers of oxidative stress and CVD risk in youth with prediabetes are unknown. Objective. To evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes among obese prediabetic Latino adolescents on oxidized lipoproteins. Design: In a quasi-experimental design, 35 adolescents (51.4% male, age 15.5(1.0) y, body mass index (BMI) percentile 98.5(1.2), and glucose 2 hours after an oral glucose tolerance test-OGTT 141.2(12.2) mg/dL) participated in a 12-week intervention that included weekly exercise (three 60 min-sessions) and nutrition education (one 60 min-session). Outcomes measured at baseline and post-intervention were: fasting oxidized LDL and oxidized HDL (oxLDL and oxHDL) as oxidative stress variables; dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetable (F&V) and fitness (VO2max) as behavioral variables; weight, BMI, body fat, and waist circumference as anthropometric variables; fasting glucose and insulin, 2hour glucose and insulin after an OGTT, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid panel (triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-c, LDL-c, HDL-c, and Non-HDL) as cardiometabolic variables. Results. Comparing baseline to post-intervention, significant decreases in oxLDL concentration were shown (51.0(14.0) and 48.7(12.8) U/L, p=0.022); however, the intervention did not decrease oxHDL (395.2(94.6) and 416.1(98.4) ng/mL, p=0.944). F&V dietary intake (116.4(97.0) and 165.8(91.0) g/d, p=0.025) and VO2max (29.7(5.0) and 31.6(4.7) ml*kg-1*min-1, p<0.001) significantly increased. Within-subjects correlations between changes in F&V intake and oxidized lipoproteins, adjusted for VO2max changes, were non-significant (R=-0.15, p=0.52 for oxLDL; R=0.22, p=0.25 for oxHDL). Anthropometric variables were significantly reduced (weight -1.3% p=0.042; BMI -2.2% and BMI percentile -0.4%, p=0.001; body fat -6.6% and waist circumference -1.8%, p=0.025). Cardiometabolic variables significantly improved, including reductions in glucose 2hour (-19.3% p<0.001), fasting insulin (-12.9% p=0.008), insulin 2hour (-53.5% p<0.001), and HOMA-IR (-12.5% p=0.015), with 23 participants (66%) that reverted toward a normal glucose tolerance status. Most lipid panel significantly changed (triglycerides -10.2% p=0.032; total cholesterol -5.4% p=0.002; VLDL-c -10.4% p=0.029; HDL-c -3.2% p=0.022; and Non-HDL -5.5% p=0.0007). Conclusion. The intervention resulted in differential effects on oxidized lipoproteins and significant improvements in behavioral, anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables, reducing the high metabolic risk of obese prediabetic kids. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Exercise and Nutritional Sciences 2017

The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or nitric oxide (NO) in atherosclerosis remains elusive. Several researchers argued whether iNOS and/or NO are pathogenic or cardio protective. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is complex and includes mechanisms associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We have demonstrated that the expression and function of iNOS may be selectively down regulated by pro-oxidants such as antimycin A and diethyl maleate (DEM). To further explore the underlying mechanisms associated with these effects we have investigated whether antimycin A and/or DEM modulated the activation of key cellular signalling molecules associated with the induction of iNOS. Expression of p38 mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) and Akt were induced by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Oxidative stress (OS) was induced using antimycin A, DEM and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). All three OS inducers caused a significant generation of free radicals whereas only antimycin A and DEM generated superoxide radical (O2-). Also nitrite production and iNOS expression may be down regulated, in part; by pro-oxidants generating O2- but not hydroxyl radicals (OH-). Antimycin A and DEM concentration dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt and this was restored when the cells were pre-treated with Atorvastatin whereas H2O2 was without any significant effect. Taken together, the data suggest novel actions for both pro-oxidants and atorvastatin which may have important implications in coronary artery disease where suppression of iNOS may be deleterious and maintaining its expression may be cardio-protective.

Orientador: Marcos Ferreira Minicucci / Coorientador: Ana Lúcia Gut / Banca: Marcelo Macedo Rogero / Banca: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla / Resumo: O estresse oxidativo, é reconhecido como característica fundamental no choque séptico. Além disso, em pacientes com resposta inflamatória sistêmica, a concentração de selênio no plasma diminui independentemente do seu estado nutricional. No entanto, o papel fisiopatológico da concentração de selênio em pacientes com choque séptico permanece desconhecido. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação da concentração de selênio no plasma e eritrócito com a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx1), o polimorfismo Pro198Leu da GPx1 e a mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e hospitalar em pacientes com choque séptico. Trata-se de um estudo clínico observacional e prospectivo realizado em três unidades de terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário. Foram avaliados 110 pacientes consecutivos, maiores de 18 anos (57,6 ± 15,9 anos; 63,6% homens), com choque séptico na admissão ou durante sua internação na UTI, entre Janeiro a Agosto de 2012. No momento da coleta dos pacientes, foram registrados os dados demográficos. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nas primeiras 72 horas após a admissão do paciente ou dentro de 72 horas do diagnóstico de choque séptico para determinação do estado nutricional de selênio, concentração de grupos carbonila, atividade da GPx1 e a genotipagem do polimorfismo Pro198Leu. Em relação ao estado nutricional de selênio, somente a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi menor nos pacientes que evoluíram ao óbito durante a internação na UTI e hospitalar. A frequência dos genótipos para o polimorfismo Pro198Leu foram 55%, 38% e 7% para os alelos Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu e Leu/Leu, respectivamente. A atividade da GPx1 foi diferente entre os grupos e maior no genótipo Leu/Leu. No modelo de regressão de Cox, a concentração de selênio no eritrócito foi associada com a mortalidade na UTI (HR:0,965; 95%CI:0,943-0,988; p: 0,002) e hospitalar ... / Abstract: The oxidative stress is recognized as a key feature of septic shock. In addition, in patients with systemic inflammatory response, plasma selenium concentration falls independently of selenium status. However, the pathophysiologic role of selenium concentration in patients with septic shock remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of erythrocyte and plasma selenium concentration with glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) activity, GPx1 polymorphisms and with intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality in septic shock patients. This is an prospective, observational clinical study held in three intensive care units in a university hospital. A total of 110 consecutive patients older than 18 y (57,6 ± 15,9 y; 63,6% males) with septic shock on admission or septic shock during their ICU stay who were admitted to the ICU between January and August 2012 were evaluated. At the time of the patients' enrollment, demographic information was recorded. Blood samples were taken within the first 72 h of the patient's admission or within 72 h of the septic shock diagnosis for determination of selenium status, protein carbonyl concentration, GPx1 activity and GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism genotyping. Regarding selenium status, only erythrocyte selenium concentration was lower in septic patients who died in ICU and hospital. The genotype frequencies for GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism were 55%, 38% and 7% for Pro/Pro, Pro/Leu and Leu/Leu, respectively. GPx1 activity was different between groups and was higher in the Leu/Leu genotype. In the Cox regression models, erythrocyte selenium concentration was associated with ICU (HR:0.965; 95%CI:0.943-0.988; p: 0.002) and hospital mortality (HR: 0.968; 95%CI: 0.948-0.989; p: 0.003) in patients with septic shock even after adjustment for age, gender and APACHE II. Erythrocyte selenium concentration was a predictor of ICU and hospital mortality in patients with septic ... / Mestre

Orientador: Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto / Banca: Janaina Torres Carreira / Banca: Gisele Zoccal Mingoti / Banca: Maricy Apparicio Ferreira / Resumo: O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o sêmen criopreservado de touros da raça Nelore de diferentes idades e verificar se a qualidade espermática declina com o avanço da idade e se geração espontânea intracelular de superóxido, peroxidação lipídica e danos no DNA estão envolvidos neste processo em decorrência da susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo durante o envelhecimento. Para isso, foram utilizados três ejaculados de 40 touros, subdivididos em três faixas etárias: Jovens de 1,8 a 2 anos (n= 27 partidas), Adultos de 3,5 a 7,0 anos (n= 52 partidas) e Senis de 8,0 a 14,3 anos (n= 34). Os touros jovens apresentaram altos valores de motilidade, integridade da membrana e acrossoma e de alto potencial mitocondrial comparado com touros adultos e senis (p<0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre a idade e os parâmetros considerados indesejáveis tais como baixo potencial mitocondrial, membrana lesada, acrossoma lesado e danos oxidativos no DNA (p<0,05) e negativa com alto potencial mitocondrial, membrana íntegra e acrossoma íntegro (p<0,05), indicando redução da qualidade espermática com o envelhecimento. A geração de superóxido, peroxidação lipídica (BodipyC11581/591) não apresentou diferença significativa entre a idade e os parâmetros referentes à qualidade espermática (p>0,05). A concentração de TBARS foi menor em touros jovens quando comparado aos adultos, mas diferenças não foram observadas em touros senis (p>0,05). Danos oxidativos no DNA correlacionaram negativamente com a variável membrana e acrossoma íntegro (r= 0,33, p<0,03) e positivamente com os valores de baixo potencial mitocondrial (r= 0,38, p<0,01). A qualidade espermática declina com o avanço da idade e não está relacionada com a geração de superóxido e peroxidação lipídica (TBARS e BodipyC11581/591) no sêmen criopreservado. No entanto, alta porcentagem de danos oxidativos no DNA no sêmen ... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm quality of frozen-thawed semen samples of Nelore Bulls of different ages and verify if the quality declines with age and if it is associated with the spontaneous generation of intracellular superoxide, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. 40 bulls were divided into three age groups: Young 1,8 to 2 years (n = 27 samples), Adults 3.5 to 7.0 years (n = 52 samples) and Senile , from 8 to 14.3 years (n = 34 samples). Young bulls showed higher values of motility, membrane integrity and acrosome and high mitochondrial potential compared to adults and senile bulls (P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between age and undesirable parameters such as low mitochondrial potential , damaged membrane, damaged acrosome and oxidative DNA damage (P<0.05). There was also a negative correlation with high potential mitochondrial, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity (P<0.05). These results indicate a reduction in sperm quality with aging. The generation of superoxide and lipid peroxidation (BodipyC11581/591) showed no significant differences between age and parameters related to sperm quality (P>0.05). The TBARS concentration was lower in young bulls compared to adults, but no differences were observed in senile bulls (P>0.05). Oxidative DNA damage correlated negatively with membrane and acrosome integrity (r = 0.33, P<0.03) and positively with low mitochondrial potential (r = 0.38, P<.01). The sperm quality declines with aging and is not related to superoxide generation and lipid peroxidation (TBARS and BodipyC11581/591) in frozen semen. However, high percentage of oxidative DNA damage indicates the involvement of other ROS (reactive oxygen species) which reduces sperm quality and increases susceptibility to oxidative stress during aging / Mestre

Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar o estresse oxidativo no sangue e na placenta de ratas com diabete de intensidade moderada. Métodos: O diabete foi induzido em ratas Wistar recém-nascidas (grupo diabete moderado) no dia do nascimento (dia 0) por streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, via subcutênea). As ratas do grupo nãodiabético (controle) receberam somente tampão citrato. Na vida adulta, as ratas (diabéticas e controle) foram submetidas ao acasalamento e o dia de diagnóstico positivo de prenhez foi considerado dia 0. A glicemia foi determinada nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21 de prenhez. No 21º dia de prenhez, as ratas foram anestesiadas e dessangradas para determinação das atividades enzimáticas de superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e glutationa redutase (GSH-Rd) e das concentrações de grupos tiólicos (SH) e de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Em seguida, as placentas foram retiradas e processadas para determinação das atividades de SOD e catalase e concentração de TBARS, gluationa reduzida e grupos tiólicos. Resultados: Ratas com diabete induzido no período neonatal (grupo diabético) apresentaram glicemia superior a 120mg/dl no dia 0 de prenhez e foi observada hiperglicemia no 14º dia de prenhez. A análise do estresse oxidativo em hemáceas lavadas mostrou que no grupo diabético houve aumento significativo na atividade da GSH-Px. No tecido placentário a atividade da catalase foi significativamente maior em ratas com diabete moderado. Conclusão: Frente às condições experimentais analisadas, o aumento dos biomarcadores do sistema antioxidante em ratas com diabete de intensidade moderada foram suficientes para conter o estresse oxidativo. / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the oxidative stress in blood sample and placental of female rats that received streptozotocin in the neonatal period. Methods: The diabetes was induced in female offspring (diabetic group) in the day of the birth (day 0) for streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous route). Female control rat (control group) received only citrate buffer. In the adult life, the female rats were submitted to the mating and the day the positive diagnosis, was considered day 0 of pregnancy. The glycemia was measured in the 0, 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. At day 21 of pregnancy, the female rats were anesthetized and died by decapitation for collection of the blood for determination of the enzymatic activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) and of the concentrations of thiols group and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Afterwards, placental were removed and processed for determinations of the enzymatic activity of the SOD and catalase and of the concentrations of the TBARS, glutathione reduced (GSH) and thiols group (SH). Results: Diabetic rats presented blood glucose concentration greater than 120 mg/dL in the day 0 of pregnancy and hyperglycemia in 14 º day of pregnancy. The analysis of the oxidative stress in maternal blood sample showed increased in GSH-Px activity. In placental tissue catalase activity of diabetic group is found to be increase in homogenate tissue in diabetic group. Conclusion: The hyperglycemia in diabetic rats increased antioxidant system biomarkers, however, these alterations were enough to control oxidative stress. / Orientador: Débora Cristina Damasceno / Coorientador: Tiago Rodrigues / Mestre

Resumo: Inúmeros estudos têm comprovado a presença de compostos com propriedades benéficas à saúde na raiz tuberosa de yacon, entre eles frutooligossacarídeos (FOS), inulina e compostos fenólicos com ação antioxidante. Outro ponto importante a respeito dessa planta é sua utilização na alimentação por incorporar substâncias bioativas interessantes na prevenção e tratamento de doenças como o diabetes. Como é amplamente divulgado, o diabetes impõe uma situação patológica de estresse das células, aumentando a necessidade do equilíbrio entre os componentes pró e antioxidantes, sendo o yacon uma fonte de substâncias nutritivas que poderia contribuir para um maior controle desses mecanismos. O objetivo do presente estudo, portanto, foi quantificar os compostos fenólicos totais presentes na raiz tuberosa de yacon e analisar o efeito da mesma no controle da glicemia e do estresse oxidativo em ratos diabéticos. O estudo consistiu da quantificação dos compostos fenólicos totais em diferentes tratamentos na raiz tuberosa e sua composição centesimal. Preparou-se uma solução de yacon 30%, que representava 1,2 g de yacon liofilizado, administrado por gavagem uma vez ao dia durante todo o estudo, sendo a mesma concentração nos dois experimentos realizados. O experimento agudo teve a duração de seis dias e foi dividido em Grupo controle Água (CA: grupo não diabético, animais receberam Água - n = 10); Grupo controle Yacon (CY: grupo não diabético, animais receberam solução de Yacon - n = 10); Grupo diabético Água (DA: grupo diabético que recebeu Água - n = 15) e Grupo diabético Yacon (DY: grupo diabético que receberá solução de Yacon - n=15). O acesso à água e ao alimento foi ad libitum. O experimento crônico teve a duração de 27 dias e os animais foram divididos em Grupo diabético Água (DA - grupo diabético que receberam Água (n = 8) - e Grupo diabético ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Numerous studies have confirmed the presence of compounds with beneficial health properties in tuberous roots of yacon, including fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Another important point about this plant is its use in food by incorporating bioactive substances of interest in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as diabetes. As is widely reported, diabetes imposes a pathological situation that stress the cells, increasing the need for balance between pro-and antioxidant components, the yacon being a source of nutrients which could contribute to a better control of these mechanisms. The aim of this study was therefore to quantify the phenolic compounds in the tuberous roots of yacon and analyze its effect on glycemic control and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The study consisted of quantification of phenolic compounds in different treatments in the tuberous root and its composition. It was prepared a solution of yacon 30%, 1.2 g of dried yacon and it was administered by gavage once a day throughout the study with for both experiments. The acute experiment lasted six days and the animals were divided into Water Control Group (CA: non-diabetic group, animals received water - n = 10) and control group Yacon (CY: non-diabetic group, animals received solution Yacon - n = 10); Water diabetic group (DA: diabetic group that received water - n = 15) and diabetic group Yacon (DY: diabetic group who receive solution Yacon - n = 15). Access to water and food was ad libitum. The chronic experiment lasted 27 days and the animals were divided into diabetic Water Group (DA - diabetic group that received water (n = 8) - Yacon and diabetic group (DY) - diabetic group that will receive Yacon solution (n = 8). We calculated the intake of the animals, blood glucose was measured daily in both experiments and weight monitored... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Anderson Marliere Navarro / Coorientador: Telma Maria Braga Costa / Banca: Thais Borges César / Banca: Guilherme Vannucchi Portari / Mestre

Orientador: Olga Maria Mascarenhas de Faria Oliveira / Banca: Sandra Aparecida de Assis / Banca: Mariza Pires de Melo / Banca: Najesh Maissar Khalil / Banca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti / Resumo: A pesquisa de produtos naturais é uma fonte importante de informações para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos que tenham ação em diferentes processos oxidativos teciduais. Estudou-se o perfil bioquímico para o mecanismo de ação antioxidante dos flavonóides kaempferol, afzelina, lespedina, pteroginoside, quercetina e isoquercetrina isolados de Pterogyne nitens. Buscou-se avaliar desde os níveis mais simples de atividade até os níveis mais complexos de interação para as atividades observadas. Nenhuma das amostras foi eficiente como scavenger de H2O2, o que se mostrou interessante na comprovação dos resultados de inibição de peroxidases observados. Mostrou-se que a variação nas estruturas dos flavonóides pode levar a diferentes padrões de atividade de acordo com o sistema avaliado, revelando assim especificidade sobre a interação estudada. A quercetina mostrou-se, em geral, o agente mais eficiente, com alteração entre as posições dos demais flavonóides. Observou-se ainda, que os flavonóides apresentam potencial lesivo contra eritrócitos e neutrófilos quando em presença de radicais livres e outras espécies reativas. Na pesquisa da ação de flavonóides e outros produtos naturais em processos oxidativos modelo deve-se buscar possíveis efeitos protetores e agressores aos sistemas biológicos traçando-se um perfil bioquímico de ação que elucide os mecanismos pelos quais tais substâncias agem. / Abstract: The research on natural products Field is na inportant source of informations to the development of new medicines wich act over tecidual oxidative processes. It was studied the biochemical profile of the antioxidant action from kaempferol, afzelin, lespedin, pterogynoside, quercetin and isoquercetrin isolated from Pterogyne nitens. It was intended to evaluate diferent interaction levels to the studied systems. None of the samples were able to act against hydrogen peroxide, what strengthens the observations on peroxidase inhibition. It was showed that chemical structural variations can lead to different activities patterns according to the studied system, revealing that exist specificity by the evaluated interaction. The flavonoid quercetin usually were the most efficient agent and the others agents had alternated position on different systems. It was observed too that the studied flavonoids were potentially lesive to the erytrocytes and neutrophils when they were put together free radicals and others reactive species. In the flavonoids and others natural products researches on model oxidative processes it must be made sought possible protective and lesive effects to biological systems by drawing the biochemical action profile of these sbstances. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_aa_me_botfmvz.pdf: 329313 bytes, checksum: acaef38ccfb3815a5cbf93f92e3438da (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Avaliou-se a segurança e a eficácia da técnica de biopsia pulmonar transtorácica percutânea e seus efeitos sobre o metabolismo oxidativo na espécie ovina. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos clinicamente sadios e destinados ao abate. Inicialmente, foram coletadas amostras de sangue da veia jugular em tubos de ensaio contendo heparina. Após a colheita, foi realizado o exame clínico seguido da biopsia pulmonar com agulha semi-automática no 7º espaço intercostal direito cerca de 5 cm acima do olécrano. Avaliou-se o número de tentativas para a realização do procedimento e o tamanho dos fragmentos. As amostras obtidas foram analisadas histologicamente. Uma nova colheita de sangue foi realizada 30 minutos após a biopsia, e as amostras levadas ao laboratório para a detecção indireta dos radicais livres [superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa total (GSH-t) e peroxidase (GSH-Px) e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS)]. Após o abate foi realizado o exame pos mortem para avaliação de complicações da técnica e das eventuais lesões provocadas. Entre todos os animais submetidos à biopsia apenas dois demonstraram resistência à técnica, sendo obtidos fragmentos pulmonares que mediram entre 4 mm a 7 mm de comprimento, com média de 1,8 1 tentativas por fragmento. As principais alterações relacionadas à técnica foram: tosse, dispnéia inspiratória, elevação das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e aumento do ruído broncobronquiolar. Ao exame pos mortem observou-se hemorragia dos músculos intercostais e pleura visceral de tamanho variado em todos os cordeiros, além de feridas lineares de até 14 mm nos dois animais que não reagiram bem ao procedimento. Das 20 tentativas de execução da técnica, 18 obtiveram sucesso, enquanto que em duas o fígado foi equivocadamente puncionado. As amostras de tecido pulmonar foram consideradas representativas... / It was evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy technique and its effects of the procedure on oxidative metabolism in sheep. It was used 20 clinically healthy sheep. Initially, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in test tubes containing heparin. After collecting the blood, the clinical examination was carried out followed by lung biopsy with a semi-automatic needle biopsy. The number of attempts and size of the fragments were measured and the samples were analyzed histologically. New blood samples were collected 30 minutes after the biopsy. All blood samples were taken to the laboratory for the indirect detection of free radicals [superoxide dismutase (SOD), total glutathione (GSH-t), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. After the slaughter, a post mortem examination assessed the technical complications and possible injuries. Among all animals underwent biopsy only two did not tolerate the technique. It were obtained Lung fragments from 4 mm to 7 mm and it were required on average 1,8 attempts. The main changes related to the procedure were: cough, labored breathing, increased heart and breathing rate and increased broncobronquiolar noise. The post-mortem examination revealed bleeding of the intercostal muscles and visceral pleura of various sizes in all lambs, and a wound up to 14 mm in the lung of two animals that did not tolerate the procedure. From 20 attempts to implement the technique, 18 were successful, while in two of them the liver was mistakenly punctured. Samples of lung tissue were representative. It was possible to visualize intact structures, including bronchioles and alveoli. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased thirty minutes after the biopsy. There were no changes in GSH-t and TBARS concentrations after the procedure. The percutaneous transthoracic lung... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yonezawa_la_me_botfmvz.pdf: 3988059 bytes, checksum: dce8716cd4543fcca12121af8b7fe396 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do exercício físico, treinamento e suplementação com vitamina E sobre as concentrações séricas de malondialdeído (MDA), vitamina E e troponina I cardíaca (cTnI), e sobre parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. Utilizou-se, para as determinações séricas, 16 eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=8) e suplementado com vitamina E (n=8) na dose diária de 1.000 UI. Para a avaliação do eletrocardiograma, foram utilizados oito eqüinos Árabes, divididos em grupos controle (n=4) e suplementado com vitamina E (n=4) na mesma dose. Submeteu-se os animais a uma prova de exercício progressivo (P1) em esteira de alta velocidade inclinada a +7%, em seguida a um período de treinamento de 20 dias e posteriormente uma nova prova de exercício progressivo (P2). Determinou-se as concentrações séricas de MDA, vitamina E e cTnI, e analisou-se os traçados eletrocardiográficos antes e após as provas P1 e P2. O exercício promoveu estresse oxidativo, determinado por meio do aumento de MDA sérico, mas atenuado pela suplementação de vitamina E. Não houve efeito do treinamento sobre este estresse, nem aumento expressivo da concentração de cTnI após o exercício. O eletrocardiograma é eficiente na detecção das alterações cardíacas promovidas pelo exercício físico e de lesão cardíaca leve, mas desconhece-se o significado clínico desta injúria. A vitamina E suplementar não influenciou nos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. / The objective of this study was to evaluate physical exercise, training, and vitamin E supplementation effects on serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and electrocardiographic parameters. Serum determinations were performed in 16 Arabian horses, divided into two groups: control (n=8) and supplemented with vitamin E (n=8) at the daily dose of 1,000 IU. For evaluation of the electrocardiogram, eight Arabian horses were used, divided into groups control (n=4) and supplemented with vitamin E (n=4) at the same dose. Horses were submitted to a trial of incremental exercise (P1) in high-speed treadmill inclined at +7%, then to a training period of 20 days and a further second trial of incremental exercise (P2). Serum determinations of MDA, vitamin E and cTnI, and analysis of electrocardiographic tracings were performed before and after exercise in P1 and P2. Exercise promoted oxidative stress, as a result of increase of serum MDA, but attenuated by vitamin E supplementation. There were no effect of training on oxidative stress, and no increase significantly in serum cTnI after exercise. Electrocardiogram is efficient in detection of cardiac changes promoted by exercise and slight cardiac injury, but its clinical significance remains unknown. Vitamin E supplementation did not influence on electrocardiographic parameters.