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<p>Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more &lsquo / beneficial&rsquo / sectors. In the 1990s there was an &lsquo / imposed&rsquo / liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub-Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. nfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production.</p>

<p>Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more &lsquo / beneficial&rsquo / sectors. In the 1990s there was an &lsquo / imposed&rsquo / liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub-Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. nfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production.</p>

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more 'beneficial' sectors. In the 1990s there was an 'imposed' liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub-Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. nfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production. / South Africa

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more 'beneficial' sectors. In the 1990s there was an 'imposed' liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub- Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. Unfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production. Objectives of the research This research focused on an indigenous agricultural innovation called Cameroon. The innovation involves a partnership between farmers and grazers whereby farmers build paddocks around their farms, and cattle herders drive their herds into farms where they deposit their manure. The idea of the practice is that it enriches the soil of the farms, provides the herds access to good fodder, and reduces conflicts between crop farmers and grazers. The objective of the study was to investigate the role this agricultural innovation is playing in reducing poverty and farmer/grazer conflicts. The research focused on a community called Small Babanki located in the North-West Region of Cameroon. Research questions To gain accurate insight into the role played by NPM, answers were sought to the following questions: (i) What are the causes of farmer/grazer conflicts in Small Babanki and how are these conflicts manifested? (ii) What efforts have been made hitherto by stakeholders to resolve farmer/grazer conflicts and what were the outcomes of such interventions? (iii) What motivated the development of the NPM farming system and how does the system function? (iv) How has the introduction of NPM affected the occurrence of conflicts and the resolution of conflicts when they occur? (v) Has NPM contributed to increasing the output, income and the market value of the products of farmers and grazers? (vi) How have the asset bases of grazers and farmers changed and what additional livelihood options are available to them as a result of adopting NPM? (vii) What are the major constraints that hinder practitioners of the innovation from getting maximum returns from it? Data collection method The data collection method for this research involved a review of reports written on the innovation by NGOs promoting it. Within Small Babanki, a focus group discussion was held with farmers and an elaborate questionnaire was administered amongst 10 randomly selected farmer households and 10 randomly selected grazer households. Structured interviews were also held with key informants, such as local officials and traditional and religious leaders. Findings and conclusions The research supports the perception that, in Small Babakni, NPM benefits both crop farmer and grazer households by means of improving productivity, reducing poverty, and reducing conflict. Respondents indicated that generally speaking the asset base and livelihood options of practitioners of NPM are constantly improving. They also stressed that improvements in education, health, nutrition, land tenure and safety of shelter are indicative of the amelioration of their state of wellbeing, and this in large measure can be attributed to the adoption of NPM Measurement of poverty using the both the US$I/day and the national poverty line of 503.19 Cf'Azday revealed that cropping households are living on the fringes of poverty while grazing households tend to live just above the poverty line. However, going by information provided by respondents on their outputs, the proportion of what was consumed by the household, the proportion of what was sold and the proportion of what was retained enabled us to make an estimation of the cash and noncash incomes of both grazing and cropping households. It was discovered that at any point they seemed to have a significant noncash wealth reserve which could easily be converted into cash in order to meet daily expenses. Both the declarations of respondents and some official documentation suggest that NPM was contributing positively towards a reduction of conflicts between farmers and grazers in Small Babanki.

The goal of the thesis is an architectural study of Exposition Hall for the okapi, bongo and the hippos, including open-air concept. The pavilion has an organic, regular shape of drop, which is the entry point deformed inwards. The face is made of aluminum facade system. The interior of the pavilion evoking a rainforest environment with rooflights and pillars in the shape of trees. Around the pavilion to span the different paddocks lined visitor's tour, seats and view points.

Kvarnängens Häst- och samtalscenter präglas av en öppen natur med lummig skog. Platsen för projektet är utvald eftersom den sammanfaller med ungdomars troliga rörelsemönster i området då den ligger nära kommunens enda gymnasium samt flertalet sportanläggningar. Stillasittande hos barn och unga har i flera studier visat sig försämra den psykiska ohälsan. Därför har jag skapat detta centret; för att ge målgruppen en möjlighet till både samtal och möten. Hästar som terapi har visat sig gynnsam då det gäller ungdomars psykiska hälsa. Det understryks av den kognitiva beteendeterapin som menar att vårt beteende samspelar med vår närmiljö. I terapin arbetar man med att stärka ansvarstagande, självförtroende och självkänsla samt att minska depression, ångest och beteendeproblem.  Projektets konstruktion är av gran, med ett bärande pelarsystem. Det inbyggda fackverket döljs av ett rundat innertak och den inre konstruktionen präglas av takets runda form samt av takfönster  som släpper in och filtrerar dagens ljus.  Den yttre fasaden är behandlad med ”Shou Sugi Ban”; en japansk teknik och tradition där träytan bränns/förkolnas. Tekniken grundar sig i filosofin “Wabi-Sabi”, där förändring ses som vacker och där skavankerna får ta plats; lagningen ses som positiv, och som en naturlig del av livet. / The open forestry environment surrounding Kvarnängen Horse- and youth center with its proximity to schools and sports facilities was chosen specifically for this project. In later years children and young adults have been moving towards a more sedentary lifestyle, and because of this, some believe that there has been an increase of mental illnesses. Due to this I have chosen to center my project around  this issue. Horses and riding as a form of therapy has long shown to be beneficial. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the idea that the way we act coexists with our environment; combining the two aims to strengthen the ability to take ownership, self confidence and self-esteem, but also decrease depression, anxiety and behavioral issues. The construction of the project is of pine, with columns and hidden lattice trusses concealed with a rounded interior ceiling. The rounded ceiling and skylights filter and reflect the lights and colors of the day.  The outside panel has been burned and charred with a Japanese technique “Shou Sugi Ban”. The philosophy of the technique is called “Wabi-Sabi”; where faults are seen as beautiful and the mending process as positive and  as a part of life.

The aim of this study was to examine how the swedish newspaper Aftonbladet portrays the Las Vegas shooting in october 2017. Our research questions were: How is Stephen Paddock portrayed?, How is the victims portrayed? and How does Aftonbladet portray Stephen Paddocks motive of the shooting? With a qualitative framing analysis we examined a total of 19 articles and identified several frames that the perpetrator and the victims is described with. The result shows that Stephen Paddock is framed as evil, cold, lone wolf, a massmurderer and a systematic perpetrator. But we also identified a frame when he is portrayed as a “normal” individual. The victims are framed as goodhearted and ideal victims. Aftonbladet’s way of reporting is charatherized by sensationalism, emotionalism and intimacy which is typical for a tabloid newspaper. Aftonbladet also describes the course of events with rich details, which also is typical for tabloids. When this study was conducted, the motive and cause of the attack was still unknown. With that in mind, we identified several frames where Aftonbladet is trying to answer the question of what motive the perpetrator could have had. They portray Stephen Paddocks gambling and psychotic brain as possible reasons of the attack.

The study design includes a main directorate of the Grand Prix Brno. There are spaces designed for administration (office management circuit, meeting room, secretarial services, tec.), riders (relaxation room, garage), the commissioner and start providemaintenance and safe operation of the circuit, VIP lounges and media hall. Building is an oval dynamic shape, created of steel construction and skeleton with light cladding combined with fresh glass facade. Central part of object is designed in main axis of autodrome. Functional change in solved area was constituted by creating a corridor between main entrance into an areal, used by public. This corridor was connected with driveway to paddocks. The proposal is designed to meet safety criteria, but also manager to evoke good atmosphere of racers and visitors.

The master's thesis was to design a new head office grand prix of racings circuit, located near Brno. That was the aim. Racing circuit was built in 1987. Grand prix have a tradition here since 1930. The current buildings (1987) do not meet the needs of riders, especially in European and world competitions. The proposed building is based on the technical design and logical design, which was formulated with the knowledge of the operation in the newly built premises for the F1 cars in the World.