Anaerobic bioreactor landfills are the landfills with an increased moisture content in order to achieve a better biodegradation. Many Bioreactor landfills accept outside liquid wastes to achieve a higher moisture content . But the effect of these wastes on the degradation of landfill components is not known. In this study, the effect of sugar waste, surfactant waste and paint waste on the degradation of landfill components was investigated. Sugar waste, surfactant waste and paint wastes in different concentrations were added to the combination of paper, cardboard, office paper and plastic with a total moisture content of 70%. The samples were incubated, sampled and analytical parameters analyzed. Sugar waste having a COD of 250,000 mg/L in a concentration of even 5% of the total weight was found inhibitive due to a drop in pH and accumulation of volatile fatty acids. Reactors with surfactant concentrations ranging from 50 mg/L to 500 mg/L showed that a higher concentration of 500 mg/L or above may be inhibitive in nature and the inhibition increases with increase in the concentration of surfactant. However, paint waste with a concentration of even 7.5% highly inhibited the degradation in the reactors. This could possibly be because of some toxicity. / Master of Science

The effect of high organic liquid wastes on the overall performance of anaerobic bioreactor landfills is not known. In this study three different liquid wastes were added to mix of office paper, newspaper, cardboard and plastic in 3 different concentrations under anaerobic conditions to determine their effect on degradation of organics. The addition of buffer chemicals was found to improve degradation compared to data from an earlier study done without the addition of initial buffering. Paint waste with a COD 237,500 mg/L added at a concentration of 10% did not show any negative effect on the overall performance. The distillation waste with a COD of 812,500 mg/L added at 5% and higher concentration resulted in accumulation of volatile fatty acids and strong inhibition. The surfactant waste added at concentrations up to 1500 mg/L showed some inhibition but the overall performance was good. The surfactant waste also appeared to improve lignin degradation. / Master of Science

The goal of service life prediction is to accurately predict the useful lifetime of a coating system in a typical service environment. Field testing is the most true-to-life form of service life testing but requires long exposure times, often not quick enough to readily aid redesign in the product development cycle. As an alternative, accelerated weathering chambers are used to speed up coating failure in a laboratory setting. These devices do indeed accelerate failure but often produce failure modes that are not seen in actual service or produce material rankings that are not reproducible. This work explores the principle of cumulative stressor damage for an exterior architectural coating being exposed to outdoor conditions in San Luis Obispo, California, as well as an accelerated UV/moisture protocol. The accelerated UV/moisture protocol is executed first by ASTM D4587, and then by creating a custom exposure test cycle based on locally observed weather. Comparison of failure mode and quantification of failure is determined by gloss and spectral reflectance measurements. Finally, acceleration factor determination for the new SLO-in-a-box protocol is outlined, with a discussion of preliminary results.

A segment of transpiring wall is installed near a row of unshaped film holes. The effects on the aerodynamic performance and cooling downstream of the row of cylindrical holes in the presence of transpiration is studied numerically. The changes in behavior of the film due to relative positioning of the injection sources and blowing ratios are predicted to understand the sensitivity of cooling and aerodynamic losses on the relative positioning of the two sources and each blowing ratio. The results indicate that a coupling of the two sources allows a more efficient use of coolant by generating a more uniform initial film resulting in improved component durability through reduction of hot- streaks. With careful optimization the discrete holes can be placed farther apart laterally operating at a lower blowing ratio with a transpiration segment making the large deficits in cooling effectiveness mid-pitch less severe, overall minimizing coolant usage. Addition of transpiration increases the aerodynamic losses associated with injection. This effect can be arguably small compared to corresponding thermal benefits seen by coupling the two. Comparisons of linear superposition predictions of the two independent sources with the corresponding coupled scenario indicate the two films positively influence one another and outperform predictions. The interaction between the two films is dependent upon the relative placement of the transpiration; all relative placements have an overall beneficial effect on the cooling seen by the protected wall. An increase in area-averaged film cooling effectiveness of 300% is seen along with only a 50% increase in loss coefficient by injecting an additional 10% coolant. In this study the downstream placement of transpiration is found to perform best of the three geometries tested while considering cooling, aerodynamic losses, local uniformity and manufacturing feasibility. With further study and optimization this technique can potentially provide more effective thermal protection at a lower cost of aerodynamic losses and spent coolant. A method of measuring the local temperature of a porous wall is also discussed. Measurements are taken with temperature sensitive paint applied in thin coats to the wall. This technique was validated on a 40PPI, 7% relative density aluminum porous coupon. Measurements of discharge coefficients as well as downstream effectiveness data are included to verify the flow through the porous wall was unaltered by applying the paint. A maximum deviation in film-cooling effectiveness of 9% between the two cases with the majority of data falling within 4% was found, very similar to the experimental uncertainty of the rig. This excellent agreement between the repeated tests showed that by applying thermal paint to a wall of such porosity does not significantly affect the flow exiting the wall and hence the measurement technique can readily be applied to transpiration cooling studies at this scale. Methods of filtering the temperature sensitive paint on the porous wall are presented.

This thesis explores the evolution of my artwork with synthetic materials through influences of the Minimalist and Process Artists of the 1960's and 1970's, inspiration from natural forms, and my exploration of concrete painting. Each work reveals discoveries of different processes and materials, accelerating the creation of new works. It is my hope this thesis will inform viewers about the process and concepts that my work embodies.

This thesis resumes both theoretical and practical knowledge with surface protection by wet painting which the student achieved during her studies and within her practice which she got in the painting shop of cabs for building, handling and agricultural machines. In her thesis the student has found out that one of current trends focuses on the method which is ecologically friendly and preserves paint lifetime. To achieve that, ED-coat painting is used first and then followed by the painting of waterborne paint. Within the scope of her thesis objective she has also optimised the process of surface protection respective technological pre-treatments and parameters which are carried out during ED-coat and e-coat painting, such as optimal thickness of coating, temperatures or technological time outs.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Retailing is a common modern day phenomenon for which there are many angles of research widely and easily available. Retailing in the context of the global paint and coatings industry however, is a more specified and unique field of study of which resources for research are few. Having had the opportunity of a first-hand close-up inside look into, not only one of the world’s leading paint and coatings companies, but also the global leader in company-owned paint and coatings retailing. This global leader not only led to the origin of my research, but also rekindled the passion within for the global paint and coatings industry and trade. Prior to my employment by PPG, towards the end of 2013, I intentionally embarked on a journey with The Sherwin Williams Company during 2011 to 2013, in collaboration with my current employer at the time, Duraline paints, who afforded me the opportunity only a few people had or ever will.. During the course of four years, I had the opportunity to not only meet a series of wonderful people across the various segments, as well as internal departments of the Sherwin Williams Company globally. Additionally I also had the opportunity to visit the company’s headquarters, 101 Prospector Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, on numerous occasions whilst staying in close proximity for the duration of the training and strategic planning sessions, in preparation to duplicate the SHW in South Africa. During my involvement with The Sherwin Williams Company, it was evident that the backbone of the company’s sales model, was the consistency as well as continuous growth of the Paint Stores Group; which is the leading North American retail segment of SHW. Since 2011, in an effort to establish the best method of implementation of this sales model in South Africa, various concepts were explored from several angles. It became evident that much research was required to establish feasibility of the SHW sales model in South Africa. Preliminary research however, would have had to be conducted of what the SHW sales model entailed and how it would benefit the company in being a global leader, thereby also exploring the possibility of it being an industry best practice as foundation to what was precisely required to be implemented in South Africa, prior to establishing feasibility in South Africa. The preliminary research became the primary and sole focus of this research project, not only fulfilling the research needs as explained above, but also to serve as evidence of what I perceived the SHW company and the Paint Stores Group to be whilst dealing with the company.

I pull from what I see in my urban surroundings. There is always a sense of dread fused with optimism that prevails. Is it beautiful? Fragments of low-riders and tricked-out cars become symbols of desire and the glowing red lens of a stop light becomes a Cyclops poised to defend his garden. Candy-coated, blooming, dripping and seductively slick confronts you with the obvious warning: STOP! You could be next… …The grass really is greener on The Other Side of the Fence. At least until winter comes.

by Lau, Kwok-Kit. / Questionnaire in English and Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives Of The Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Information Needs --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Information On The Market --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Information On Customers --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Information On Suppliers --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Approach And Content Of The Paper --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Reasons For The Study --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Source Of Information --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Secondary Information --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Primary Information --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- HONG KONG SOLVENT MARKET --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1 --- Market Overview --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Market Size and Trends --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Market Participant --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Market Competition Among Suppliers --- p.21 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- CURRENT MARKETING STRATEGIES --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Product --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Price --- p.26 / Chapter 4.3 --- Promotion --- p.30 / Chapter 4.4 --- Place --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- CUSTOMER RESEARCH --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1 --- Research And Questionnaire Design --- p.36 / Chapter 5.2 --- Selection Of Sample Frame And Sample Size --- p.37 / Chapter 5.3 --- Result and Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- User-Customer Research --- p.38 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Dealers/Distributors Research --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- RECOMMENDATION AND DISCUSSION --- p.52 / Chapter 6.1 --- Discussion And Recommendation On The Market Mix --- p.52 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Product --- p.52 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Promotion --- p.56 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Price --- p.58 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Place --- p.58 / APPENDIX1 / APPENDIX2 / APPENDIX3 / BIBLIOGRAPHY

The motion of shock waves is important in many fields of engineering and increasingly so with medical applications and applications to inertial confinement fusion technologies. The flow structures that moving shock waves create when they encounter a change in area is complex and can be difficult to understand. Previousresearchers have carried out experimental studies and many numerical studies looking at this problem in more detail. There has been a discrepancy between numerical and experimental work which had remained unanswered. One of the aims of this project is to try and resolve the discrepancy between numerical and experimental work and try to investigate what experimental techniques are suitable for work of this type and the exact way in which they should be applied. Most previous work has focused on sharp changes in geometry which induce immediate flow separation. In this project rounded corners will also be investigated and the complex flow features will be analyzed.Two geometries, namely a sharp 172 degree knife-edge and a 2.8 mm radius rounded corner will be investigated at three experimental pressure ratios of 4, 8 and 12 using air as the driver gas. This yields experimental shock Mach numbers of 1.28, 1.46 and 1.55. High-speed schlieren and shadowgraph photography with varying levels of sensitivity were used to qualitatively investigate the wave structures. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and traditional pressure transducers were used to quantify the flow field. Numerical simulations were performed using the commercial package Fluent to investigate the effect of numerical schemes on the flow field produced and for comparison with the experimental results. The sharp geometry was simulated successfully using an inviscid simulation while the rounded geometry required the addition of laminar viscosity. Reynolds number effects will be only sparsely referred to in this project as the flows under investigation show largely inviscid characteristics. As the flow is developing in time rather than in space, quotation of a distance-based Reynolds number is not entirely appropriate; however, Reynolds number based on the same spatial location but varying in time will be mentioned. The density-based diagnostics in this project were designed to have a depth of field appropriate to the test under consideration. This approach has been used relatively few times despite its easy setup and significant impact on the results. This project contains the first quantative use of PIV and PSP to shock wave diffraction. Previous studies have almost exclusively used density-based diagnostics which, although give the best impression of the flow field, do not allow for complete analysis and explanation of all of the flow features present. PIV measurements showed a maximum uncertainty of 5% while the PSP measurements showed an uncertainty of approximately 10%.The shock wave diffraction process, vortex formation, shear layer structure, secondary and even tertiary expansions and the shock vortex interaction were investigate. The experimental results have shown that using one experimental technique in isolation can give misleading results. Only by using a combination of experimental techniques can we achieve a complete understanding of the flow field and draw conclusions on the validity of the numerical results. Expanding the range of the experimental techniques currently in use is vital for experimental aerodynamic testing to remain relevant in an industry increasingly dominated by numerical research. To this end, significant research work has been carried out on extending the range of the PSP technique to allow for the capture of shock wave diffraction, one of the fastest transient fluid processes, and for applications to low-speed flow (< 20 ms−1).