O presente trabalho objetivou propor ações de melhoria de desempenho ambiental através da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida na fabricação do Porta Pallets, para tanto tal pesquisa seguiu as diretrizes normativas das normas NBR ISO 14040 e 14044. Foi utilizado o Umberto® NXT Universal v. 7.1 como software para modelagem e procedimentos de cálculos. A base de dados de ICV utilizada foi a Ecoinvent v.3.2. Foram avaliados os impactos do ciclo de vida da produção do Porta Pallets através do método ReCiPe (2008). As categorias de impacto de midpoint abordadas foram: mudança climática, depleção do ozônio, depleção do metal, acidificação terrestre, eutrofização aquática (água doce), eutrofização aquática (marinha), toxicidade humana, formação de oxidantes fotoquímicos, formação de matéria particulada, ecotoxicidade terrestre. Os resultados apontaram 3 pontos potenciais de impactos ambientais (hotspots): produção da bobina de aço, transporte da bobina de aço e óleo vegetal refinado para lubrificação do aço. Os hotspots foram analisados sensitivamente e em diferentes cenários a fim de verificar a eficiência na redução dos impactos potenciais observados. As propostas de melhorias do desempenho ambiental compreenderam as seguintes ações: redução do consumo de bobinas de aço, minimização da distância dos fornecedores e da quantidade de fretes e redução no consumo do óleo vegetal. Desta forma este estudo fornece subsídios em pesquisas, e auxilia na formulação de propostas de melhorias no desempenho ambiental de produtos e processos em geral. / This study aimed to propose actions to improve environmental performance through the Life Cycle Assessment in manufacturing steel racks, therefore this research followed the regulatory guidelines of ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. Was used Umberto® NXT Universal v. 7.1 as software for modeling and calculation procedures. ICV database used was Ecoinvent v.3.2. We evaluated the impact of the life cycle of production through Racks recipe method (2008). The midpoint impact categories covered were: climate change, ozone depletion, metal depletion, terrestrial acidification, aquatic eutrophication (freshwater), aquatic eutrophication (marine), human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, formation of particulate matter, terrestrial ecotoxicity. The results showed three potential sources of environmental impacts (hotspots): Production of steel coil, steel coil transport and refined vegetable oil for steel lubrication. Hotspots were analyzed sensitively and in different scenarios in order to verify the effectiveness in reducing the potential impacts observed. Proposals for environmental performance improvements realized the following actions: reducing consumption of steel coils, minimizing the distance from suppliers and the amount of freight and reduction in vegetable oil consumption. Thus, this study provides grants for research, and assists in the formulation of proposals for improvements in the environmental performance of products and processes in general.

Orientador: Mauro Augusto Demarzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T05:05:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paixao_AntonioMedeirosda_M.pdf: 9672207 bytes, checksum: e011879d8aa4447d3e547b2abf30df2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo o de mostrar experimentalmente a influência que os paletes de madeira podem exercer no comportamento das estruturas de armazenagem do tipo drive in com um nível de carregamento. Considerar o palete com apoios móveis em ambos os braços da estrutura, ou por outro lado, desconsiderá-lo totalmente na análise estrutural, pode resultar em análises irreais, pois o atrito entre o palete e os trilhos pode influenciar no comportamento deste tipo de estrutura. A fim de se verificar a existência desta influência em condições próximas à realidade, dois pórticos com características semelhantes às dos fornecidos pelas empresas fabricantes foram testados com a utilização de três tipos de paletes com características semelhantes às dos paletes encontrados no mercado, com inércias variadas, apoiados sobre trilhos pintados. Estes paletes foram testados sobre trilhos com mesas abrasivas a fim de se verificarem possíveis diferenças nos deslocamentos entre as estruturas carregadas com paletes sobre trilhos pintados e entre as estruturas carregadas com paletes sobre trilhos com mesas abrasivas. Além disso, os pórticos foram testados com um palete suspenso com o objetivo de simular o modelo teórico elaborado pelo Slope-deflection. Cada pórtico foi testado com as forças verticais de 245N, 490N, 735N e 980N aplicadas nos braços e com a força horizontal de 1,5% correspondente ao valor da força vertical aplicada neste pórtico para simular possíveis forças horizontais aplicadas pelas empilhadeiras na movimentação dos materiais. Dois relógios comparadores com sensibilidade de 1/1000mm e um com sensibilidade de um 1/100mm, todos com curso de 10mm, foram colocados, respectivamente, no topo e na base de cada uma das colunas de cada pórtico com o objetivo de se medirem os deslocamentos lineares e angulares destes pórticos. Os deslocamentos medidos nas extremidades de cada coluna foram úteis para se determinar os momentos fletores e as reações nas extremidades destas colunas. A influência dos paletes de madeira no comportamento das estruturas do tipo drivein foi verificada com nível de 5% de significância através da análise da variância / Abstract: This dissertation¿s intent is to investigate experimentally the influence the wood pallets exert on the behavior of the drive in storage racks with one level of loading. To consider the pallets as roller supported on both rails of the structure implies in not to consider the influence of the friction between the pallets and the rails in the behavior of the structure, and thus the results obtained by the theoretical model of analysis may lead to results that may differ from the observed in the real structure. With the aim of investigating this influence in conditions as close as possible to the reality, two frames resembling those supplied by manufacturers were tested with three sort of pallets, each one with characteristics and dimensions resembling the pallets utilized by users, but with different resistance and inertia in comparison with each other. The same pallets were tested in the same frames, but this time on rails with an abrasive surface to verify the possible differences in displacements between the structures loaded with pallets on smooth surfaces rails and between structures loaded with pallets on abrasive surfaces rails. Furthermore, the frames were subjected to a suspense load with the aim of simulating the theoretical model of analysis. Each arm were tested with vertical forces of 245N, 490N, 735N and 980N. It was considered also the horizontal force of 1,5% of the vertical force acting on the frame to take into consideration the lift truck operation. With the aim of measuring the linear and angular displacements of these frames, two dial gages were positioned at the top and one was positioned at the bottom of each column. The readings of all linear and angular displacements at the end of the columns were useful for evaluating the bending moments, the horizontal and vertical reactions acting in each one of the end of the columns of these frames. The 8 elements considered (3 pallets on smooth surface rails, 3 pallets on abrasive surface rails, 1 suspense load and 1 for the Slope-Deflection Method) were combined in groups of 3, so that the influence of the wood pallets in the behavior of drive in racks can be investigated through the variance analysis with 5% in the level of significance / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The subject of this thesis is the proposal of constructional solution for pallet changer of the vertical machining center. This pallet changer serves for the manipulation with technological pallets between dilatory places of the machining center and charger of pallets. Thanks to this changer the machines share one workpieces´ base. Main accent is not put only on the function but also on the low price of this solution.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Till följd av ökade handelsvolymer har användandet av pallar kommit att öka. Hantering av pallar har därför blivit en viktig del i verksamheter, där digitala pallhanteringssystem lyfts som ett hjälpmedel för effektivitet. Digitaliserade pallhanteringssystem kan även ses som ett hjälpmedel för att främja ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet vad gäller företags pallhantering. Trots många fördelar finns även ett antal utmaningar förknippade med implementering av digitala pallhanteringssystem.   Syftet: Studiens syfte är att identifiera hur interna digitaliserade pallhanteringssystem kan bidra till ekonomisk eller ekologisk hållbarhet. Studien syftar även till att se vilka utmaningar som kan ligga till grund hos företag vid implementering med ett internt digitaliserat pallhanteringssystem.  Metod: Studien är kvalitativ och utgår från ett deduktivt synsätt. Den teoretiska referensramen har hämtats genom en litteraturgenomgång. En komparativ design ligger till grund för studiens design, där empiridelen består av fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem olika företag. Analysen utgår från en tematisk analys där teorin och empirin ställs emot varandra för att hitta centrala teman. Resultat: Utifrån studien dras slutsatsen att ett internt digitaliserat pallhanteringssystem inte bidrar till ekologisk hållbarhet i större utsträckning än vad manuell pallhantering gör. Gällande ekonomisk hållbarhet kan ett internt digitaliserat pallhanteringssystem leda till kostnadsbesparingar genom ökad informationstillgänglighet samt att företag kan utnyttja de fördelar som finns med att äga sina egna pallar Studien kan även identifiera utmaningar med implementering av ett internt digitaliserat pallhanteringssystem i form av krav på kundanpassning, misstro om ökade kostnader, samt lågt intresse i pallbranschen och bland beslutsfattare. / Background and problem discussion: As a result of increased trading volumes, the use of pallets has increased. Pallet management has therefore become an important part of operations, where digital pallet management systems are highlighted as a tool for efficiency. Digital pallet management systems can also be seen as a tool to promote economic and ecological sustainability in terms of companies' pallet management. Despite many advantages, there are also a number of challenges associated with the implementation of a digital pallet management system.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how internal digital pallet management systems can contribute to ecological or economic sustainability. The study also aims to see what challenges that can be identified when implementing an internal digital pallet management system.  Method: The study is qualitative and it is based on a deductive approach. The theoretical frame of source has been collected through a literature review. A comparative design has been used for the study's design, where the empirical section consists of five semi-structured interviews with five different companies. The analysis is based on a thematic analysis where the theoretical and empirical sections are analyzed to find central themes.      Results: The results of the study are that it is concluded that an internal digital pallet management system does not contribute to ecological sustainability to a greater extent than what a manual pallet management does. In terms of economic sustainability, the results are that a digital pallet management system can lead to cost savings due to increased information availability and that companies can use the benefits of owning their pallets. Also, challenges are identified with the implementation of a digital pallet management system in terms of requirements for customized systems, mistrust of increased costs, and also low interest in the pallet industry and among decision makers.

The diploma thesis is focused on the construction design of elevator for pallets with car seats weighing 200 kg. This device is proposed for vertical transport of the load between two working positions which are separated by 6m. Part of the pallet hoist is a roller conveyor attached on a lifting frame. The roller conveyor allows loading and unloading pallets from the fixed roller conveyors in the lower and upper station. There are the functional calculations of important parts, strength control of traction belt and shaft of driving pulley drum. By FEM (Finite Element Method) is detected stress distribution of the lifting frame. Parts of the annex are the manufacturing drawings of the lifting frame, shaft of driving drum, the driving station and drawing of the whole assembly vertical conveyor. Furthermore, the timing diagram function for one cycle, risk analysis and FMEA.

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Förnödenheter transporteras i Försvarsmakten på ett stort antal olika pallar med flertalet olikal astbärare. Rapporten svarar på frågorna: Vilken är den mest optimala lastpallen för försvarsmakten sett till tvådimensionell fyllnadsgrad? Går det med enkla medel att öka den tvådimensionella fyllnadsgraden, på rapportens valda lastbärare, genom att välja en väletablerad standardpall? Lastbärarna som rapporten avhandlar är container, rullflak, lastbilsflak och lastbilssläp. Rapporten använder pallens och fyra lastbärares lastyta för att utifrån sju stuvningssätt beräkna det antalet pallar som får plats på respektive lastbärare utifrån samtliga stuvningssätt. Därefter har den maximala fyllnadsgraden av respektive pall på respektive lastbärare tagits fram och presenterats. Fyllnadsgraden som avses är den nyttjade lastytan och rapporten avhandlar endast ett tvådimensionellt lastproblem. Rapportens optimala pall vore 1165x830mm2 stor och uppnår en genomsnittlig fyllnadsgrad på 96%, pallen har tagits fram genom simuleringar baserat på beräkningar. Den tangerar eller överträffar fyllnadsgraden för standardpallar såsom Europapallen (1200x800mm2) och Natopallen(1200x1000mm2) på samtliga lastbärare. Natopallen har högre genomsnittlig fyllnadsgrad, 90%, jämfört med Europapallen på 84%. Natopallen har en jämn fyllnadsgrad medan Europapallen är väldigt effektiv på lastbil med släp. / In the Swedish Armed Forces supplies are transported using a large number of different pallets on a number of different cargo carriers. This report answers the questions: Which is the most space efficient pallet size regarding two dimensional stowage? Is it possible to increase the two dimensional space efficiency, on selected cargo carriers, by transitioning to a well established standard pallet? The report is based on the size of both the cargo carriers and pallets. Seven stowage methods are used to calculate the number of each pallet which can fit on each of the four cargo carrier for each stowage method. Following this the maximum space efficiency of each pallet on all the cargo carriers are calculated. The most space efficient pallet size is 1165x830mm2, a pallet size which has been simulated using the calculations of this report. The pallet has an average space efficiency of 96% which is as high or higher compared to the European pallet (1200x800mm2) or NATO pallet (1200x1000mm2) on the selected cargo carriers. The NATO pallet has an average space efficiency of 90% compared to 84% using the European pallet. The NATO pallet has an even space efficiency on the selected cargo carriers compared to the European pallet which is highly space efficient on trucks with trailers.