Práce se zabývá návrhem jednoúčelového plně automatického zařízení pro automobilový průmysl, které dávkuje silikonovou směs do pouzdra snímače. V první části práce je řešen návrh mechanické části zařízení, zejména manipulátoru pro polohování dávkovací hlavy. K pohonu manipulátoru je využito pneumatických prvků, které jsou řízeny elektrickými signály. Druhá část práce se zabývá řízením stroje, které je realizováno pomocí PLC systému. Obsluha může ovládat zařízení nebo sledovat aktuální stav na dotykovém panelu. V závěru práce je prezentováno skutečné provedení zařízení a propojení s výrobní linkou.

The aim of the Master thesis is to design and verify the function of the system for the ventilation of parked car in the summer season with the intention to cut down the temperature peak in the cabin of the vehicle. The design of the system consists of the suitable placement of the fans and corresponding inlets and outlets for the flowing of the ventilating air. The fans are powered by a photovoltaic panel. The functionality of the system is verified by the measuring of the temperature drop in the cabin of the car. The ambient conditions for the setting of the intensity of solar radiation and of the ambient temperature have been chosen from the real measurements from TUBO station which is meteorological station of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of BUT Brno.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem výkonového měniče určeného pro použití ve fotovoltaických systémech. Klíčovým je použití programovatelného hradlového pole (FPGA) pro realizaci řídicích funkcí. Do detailu jsou diskutovány aspekty návrhu spínaných měničů a na základě takto získaných poznatků je zkonstruován funkční vzorek měniče.

This master’s thesis extends the teaching possibilities of the course “Building automation” in two areas. The first area is the visualization of KNX educational panel, which is made through iRidium software package in several variants. The second area is the design and manufacture of the educational switch panel with different types of switches, in which students can simply try wiring, which are commonly used mainly in civil engineering. Part of the second area is the creation of several teaching tasks.

Net asset value (NAV) is commonly used to represent the value of a property company. For listed property companies a secondary valuation occurs simultaneously as the company’s stocks are traded on the stock market. Historically, a deviation between the NAV and the market capitalisation has been found for property companies implying that the stock market values the company differently. This thesis examines the deviation to NAV for 14 Swedish listed property companies during 2006-2015. The examination explains the deviation from the basis of a rational and an irrational approach. The thesis investigates empirically which factors that have affected the deviation by the use of a panel data regression analysis. The rational approach investigates the impact of company-specific, share-specific and corporate governance variables. The results of the thesis show that the rational variables can explain the deviation to NAV to some extent. The main contribution comes from companyspecific variables. Larger companies, companies focused on fewer locations, companies with a better reputation among asset managers and companies with a higher amount of insider ownership are negatively correlated to the discount to NAV. These company characteristics thus suggest a decrease in discounts to NAV (increase in premiums). At the same time companies with a higher loan to value, focus on property type and systematic risk increase the discount to NAV (decrease in premiums). The final rational model produces an adjusted R-square of 37.4% for the Swedish listed property market during the investigated period. The irrational approach investigates the impact of noise traders. The results show that the contribution of market sentiment is significant. The confidence indicator for the households has the greatest impact on the discount to NAV and an inclusion of the variable increases the adjusted R-square to 53.6%. An investigation into the justification of using the Noise Trader Theory is conducted and concludes that the use of a proxy for market sentiment is justified. / Substansvärdet (NAV) används ofta för att representera värdet av ett fastighetsbolag. För börsnoterade fastighetsbolag sker samtidigt en sekundär värdering eftersom deras aktier köps och säljs på aktiemarknaden. Historiskt sett har fastighetsbolagens substansvärden skilt sig från börspriserna av deras aktier vilket tyder på att aktiemarknaden värderar bolagen annorlunda och det uppstår då en substansrabatt eller substanspremie. Denna uppsats utvärderar detta fenomen för 14 svenska börsnoterade fastighetsbolag under åren 2006-2015 utifrån en rationell och en irrationell utgångspunkt. Uppsatsen testar empiriskt vilka faktorer som påverkar skillnaden under perioden genom en regressionsanalys med paneldata. Den rationella utgångspunkten undersöker effekterna av variabler knutna till företaget, aktien samt företagets bolagsstyrning. Resultatet visar att rationella variabler kan förklara substansrabatter och substanspremier till en viss grad. Det största bidraget kommer från de företagsspecifika variablerna. Större företag, företag fokuserade på ett mindre antal orter, företag med ett bättre rykte och företag vars styrelse har ett stort aktieinnehav tenderar att ha en minskad substansrabatt alternativt en ökad substanspremie. Å andra sidan tenderar företag med hög belåningsgrad, ett fåtal fastighetstyper och hög systematisk risk att ha en ökad substansrabatt alternativt en minskad substanspremie. Den slutliga modellen av rationella variabler genererar ett justerat R-square om 37,4% för svenska börsnoterade fastighetsbolag. Den irrationella utgångspunkten i denna uppsats undersöker variabler knutna till ett irrationellt handlande. Resultatet visar signifikant utfall för irrationellt handlande, där en konfidensindikator för hushållen visar störst inverkan och genererar ett justerat R-square om 53,6%. Uppsatsen undersöker möjligheten att använda irrationellt handlande som förklaringsvariabler till varför substansrabatter och substanspremier uppstår. Resultatet visar att det är motiverat att inkludera irrationella förklaringsvariabler.

This thesis is focused on practical usage of solar energy in photovoltaic systems and on the Fronius product portfolio. It is also focused on implementation of web interface for modular solar photovoltaic Fronius powerstations system. It is purposed on displaying statistic data, drawing charts and solar system monitoring. This system is desired to act autonomic and self-configurable. System will be implemented using the PHP5, MySQL4 technologies and object oriented programming technique.

Establishing causal relationships is arguably the most important task of the social sciences. While the relationship between the social sciences and the concept of causality has been rocky, the randomized experiment gives us a concrete definition of a causal effect as the difference in outcomes due to the researcher's intervention. However, many interesting questions cannot be easily examined using experiments. Feasibility and ethics limit the use of randomized experiments in some situations and retrospective questions, i.e., working from the observed outcome to uncover the cause, require a different logic. Observational studies in which we observe pairs of variables without any intervention lend themselves to such situations but come with many difficulties. That is, it is not immediately clear whether an observed relationship between two variables is due to a true causal effect, or whether the relationship is due to other common causes. Panel data describe repeated observations of the same units over time. They offer a powerful framework for approaching causal questions with observational data. Panel analysis allows us to essentially use each unit as their own control. In an experiment, random assignment to either treatment and control group makes both groups equal on all characteristics. Similarly, if we compare the same individual pre- and post-treatment, then the two are equal at least on the things that do not change over time, such as sex, date of birth, nationality, etc. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a group of statistical methods for assessing relationships between variables, often at the latent (unobserved) variable level. The use of SEM for panel analysis allows for a great deal of flexibility. Latent variables can be incorporated to account for measurement error and rule out alternative models. This dissertation focuses on the use of panel data in SEM for causal analysis. It comprises an introduction, four main chapters and a conclusion. After a short introduction (Chapter 1) outlining the goals and scope of the dissertation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the topic of causality in the social sciences. Since the randomized experiment is often not feasible in social research, special emphasis has been placed on non-experimental, i.e., observational data. The chapter outlines some competing views on causality with non-experimental data, then discusses the two currently dominant frameworks for causal analysis, potential outcomes and directed graphs. It goes on to outline empirical methods and notes their compatibility with SEM. Chapter 3 discusses how panel data can be used to deal with unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity, i.e., stable characteristics that might normally confound analyses. It attempts to show in detail how basic panel regression in SEM works. It also discusses some issues that are not normally addressed outside of SEM, e.g., measurement error in observed variables, effects that change over time, model comparisons, etc. This discussion of the more basic panel regression setup provides a sort of basis for the more complex discussion in the following chapters. Chapter 4 compares and contrasts several ways to model dynamic processes, where the outcome at a particular point in time may affect future outcomes or even the presumed cause later on. It shows that popular recently proposed modeling techniques have much do to with their older counterparts. In fact, the newer modeling techniques do not seem to offer benefit with regards to estimating the causal effects of interest. The chapter focuses on arguably common situations in which the newer techniques may have serious drawbacks. Chapter 5 provides an applied example. It looks to better assess the causal effect of environmental attitudes on environmental behaviour (mobility, consumption, willingness to sacrifice). It touches on many of the aspects from the previous chapters, including the use of latent variables for constructs that are not directly observable, unobserved time-invariant confounders, state dependence (feedback from outcome to outcome), and reverse causality (feedback from outcome to cause). It shows that failure to account for time-invariant confounders leads to biased estimates of the effect of attitudes on behaviour. After controlling for these factors, the effects disappear in terms of mobility and consumption behaviour: when a person's attitudes become more positive, their behaviour does not become more environmentally-friendly. There is, however, a fairly robust effect of attitudes on willingness to sacrifice, even after controlling for unobserved time-invariant confounders, state dependence and reverse causality. This suggests changing attitudes do affect willingness to make sacrifices, holding potential time-invariant confounders, outcome to outcome feedback (essentially habits), as well as some time-varying confounders constant. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the previous chapters and provides an outlook for future work.:1. Introduction 2. Causal Inference in the Social Sciences 3. A Closer Look at Random and Fixed Effects Panel Regression in Structural Equation Modeling Using lavaan 4. Equivalent Approaches to Dealing with Unobserved Heterogeneity in Cross-Lagged Panel Models? 5. Re-Examining the Effect of Environmental Attitudes on Behaviour in a Panel Setting 6. Conclusion

<p dir="ltr">Airport parking revenues become essential in maintaining daily aeronautical and non-aeronautical operations and financing capital expenditures. There exist significant variations between different airports in terms of their parking revenues, and such variations will not be eliminated when airport parking revenue is standardized by passenger volume. Given the limited empirical research on airport parking revenues, this study examines the variation of airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger using random-effects regression on a five-year panel dataset. Our regression results reveal a significant positive relationship between airport economy parking price and airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. Additionally, we find a significant positive relationship between household vehicle ownership and airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. However, the number of offsite parking service providers can lead to a significant negative effect on airport parking revenue per locally originating passenger. Based on these findings, airport operators can implement strategic management initiatives tailored to local market conditions, with the goal of optimizing airport parking revenues and improving passenger welfare.</p>

A masonry wall or panel is made by the stacking of individual units; typically brick, stone, concrete block or glass block. These units are bound together by mortar to form continuous vertical surfaces. Traditionally, mortar is a paste made from a mixture of sand and cement. What other materials might serve as "mortar"? For this thesis project a panelized system for binding brick with metal has been developed. Each panel consists of a steel frame, within which the bricks are stacked and bound together. Metal rods hold the bricks in place horizontally, while metal spacers maintain the correct vertical positioning. The panels are hung onto a steel grid and bound together to form surfaces. / Master of Architecture

The master’s thesis deals with the principle of the photoelectric effect, the composition of the photovoltaic cell and different types of solar panels. Here is described the principle of converting wind energy into electricity. This master’s thesis describes reasons for using of the hybrid system. The next section describes the measurement system which is used to measure real operating statuses. The last section is an analysis of measured values and there are listed factors influencing the design of hybrid power system.