In the first experiment, effects of brewing time, chlorine, chloramine, iron, copper, pH and water hardness were investigated for their effects on extraction of epigallocatechine gallate (EGCG) and caffeine in green tea and oolong tea aqueous infusions. The extraction of EGCG and caffeine were lower when green tea was brewed in hard water compared to distilled water. Brewing green tea and Oolong tea in tap water resulted in higher extraction of caffeine but had no effect on EGCG compared to distilled water. The extraction of EGCG and caffeine were significantly increased (P<0.05) when green tea and Oolong tea were brewed in the chlorinated water at 4.0 mg free chlorine per liter. The purpose of the second experiment was to optimize SDE conditions (solvent and time) and to compare SDE with SPME for the isolation of flavor compounds in Jin Xuan oolong tea using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography- Olfactrometry (GC-O). The concentration of volatile compounds isolated with diethyl ether was higher (P<0.05) than for dichloromethane and concentration was higher at 40 min (P<0.05) than 20 or 60 minutes. For SDE, 128 volatiles were identified using GC-MS and 45 aroma active compounds using GC-O. The number of volatiles identified using GC-MS was lower in SPME than SDE. For SPME, 59 volatiles and 41 aroma active compounds were identified. The composition of the volatiles isolated by the two methods differed considerably but provided complementary information. The goal of the third experiment was to determine effects of panning on flavor volatile compositions of oolong using GC-MS and GC-O. Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction (SDE) and Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) techniques were applied for extraction of volatiles in panned and unpanned teas. A total of 190 volatiles were identified from SDE and SPME extractions using GC-MS and GC-O. Trans-nerolidol, 2- hexenal, benzaldehyde, indole, gernaiol, and benzenacetaldehyde contents were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by panning; however, panning increased (P<0.05) contents of linalool oxide, cis jasmone, methyl salicylate in oolong tea. Overall, panning significantly changes the volatile compositions of the tea and created new aroma active compounds. / Ph. D.

This thesis is aimed at simulation of auditory space. It describes the most frequently used panning method: Vector Base Amplitude Panning. Also is focused on image source method, which allows computing the parameters of direct sound wave and reflections in rectangular room. This method is compared with ray–tracing method, which is also often used. It deals with the matter of the frequency – dependent absorption of materials in reflection of the sound wave against the wall. On the basis of these information two applications were designed in MATLAB development environment. The first one allows the simulation of auditory space. The other one is the application for sound source panning by its azimuth and distance.

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To the development of my Diploma Thesis the literature dealing with the issue of the history of gold mining in Pootaví and natural conditions of the region was used. The thesis more closely specifies various historical stages of gold mining in this area and the procedures and methods used by them. The first intensive panning work and the first part of the underground works belong to the 5th century BC. Furthermore, it was found that the most intensive period of mining in this area took place in 13th - 14th century. Major panning works were completed in the course of the 16th century, underground works were finished later, with the exception of the area of Kašperské Hory, where underground mining continued until the beginning of the 20th century. In the last century geological surveys of the paddies found gold in small quantities, which excluded mining from the economical point of view. Geological exploration of the underground deposits of gold in Kašperské Hory was prematurely terminated under the pressure of the public. The practical part consists of conducted panning experiments at several locations using panning pelvis and panning sluice. At all the locations, except one, was the occurrence of gold detected, but in such a small quantities excluding profitable mining from the surface areas.

In the arena of software development, implementing a software design (no matter how perfect the design) is rarely done right the first time. Consequently, debugging one's own (or someone else's) software is inevitable, and tools that assist in this often-arduous task become very important with respect to reducing the cost of debugging as well as the cost of the software life cycle as a whole. Many tools exist with this aim, but all are lacking in a key area: information visualization. Applying information visualization techniques such as zooming, focus and context, or graphical representation of numeric data may enhance the visual debugging experience. To this end, drawing data structures as graphs is potentially a step in the right direction, but more must be done to maximize the value of time spent debugging and to minimize the actual amount of time spent debugging. This thesis will address some information visualization techniques that may be helpful in debugging (specifically with respect to visual debugging) and will present the results of a small pilot study intended to illustrate the potential value of such techniques. / Master of Science

Fajta, M. 2015: Phenomenon of water in mining - gold panning, findings of ore mills in Slovakia. [Master's thesis] Water has always been closely associated with the mining and processing of precious metals. Either it served as a secondary source from which gold was gained by gold-washing, or as a tool for further processing of primary mined ore. Thesis is divided into two sections which describe both of these options. In the first part, thesis deals with gold-panning. It describes sources for the history study of gold-panning in Slovakia and it presents current state of research. On the basis of historical knowledge from "De Re Metallica libri XII." (G. Agricola 1556) are presented the different types of chutes, which are used for gold-washing. This section also includes excursion about mining archaeology and excursion about origin and appearance of gold in Slovakia. The second part describes different steps in the processing of primary mined ores. Since there was no archaeological research of medieval facilities for processing ores in Slovakia, in the paper are presented examples of two researches of mining facilities from Czech Republic. In the chapters describing processing of ores is the biggest attention devoted to ore mills. The most common evidence for the existence of such mills are...

Binaural sound reproduction is most commonly made with headphones, although little research has been dedicated towards evaluating the sound of binaural for headphones reproduced on loudspeakers, which is the purpose of this thesis. An experimental quantitative method was designed in order to measure the objective effect of binaural processing both on headphones and loudspeakers so that they could be compared. Sine sweeps covering the entire audible frequency spectrum were processed with an ambisonics spatializer at different azimuth and distance parameters and then downmixed to binaural. The same source signal was also panned with a traditional equal-power panning law. Both was played back through headphones and loudspeakers then recorded with a dummy head. The recordings were deconvolved into graphs displaying their frequency responses. The results show that binaural sound produce different spectral distortion depending on the panning position on both headphones and loudspeakers, although additional subjective evaluation such as listening tests are required to determine the actual usefulness of binaural sound through loudspeakers.

Este estudo apresenta o zoneamento ambiental de um setor do Parque Estadual da Cantareira e entorno seccionado pela Rodovia Fernão Dias (BR 381). Foi realizado com base em uma abordagem sistêmica, considerando-se a integração das informações referentes ao meio físico-biótico, uso da terra e aspectos legais, obtidas por meio de levantamentos bibliográfico e cartográfico, interpretação de produtos de sensores remotos e trabalhos de campo. A área de estudo apresenta três setores bem distintos: na face norte observa-se uma ocupação esparsa entremeada por remanescentes florestais expressivos; na face sul ocorre uma maior diversidade de classes de uso da terra, caracterizada por áreas urbanas consolidadas e em processo de urbanização, atividades hortifrutigranjeiras, pedreiras, aterros sanitários, reflorestamentos e cobertura florestal mais fragmentada; separando estas duas faces, destaca-se o Parque Estadual da Cantareira coberto, em quase sua totalidade, pela floresta nativa. Verificou-se que os instrumentos de planejamento urbano e a legislação ambiental incidentes na área não foram eficientes no controle da expansão da mancha urbana em direção ao Parque, ocasionando a ocupação de setores frágeis do ponto de vista geomorfológico e a degradação ambiental. A proposta de zoneamento ambiental e as recomendações apresentadas procuram subsidiar a revisão do plano de manejo do Parque, colaborar para definição de sua zona de amortecimento, de modo a reverter a tendência crescente de isolamento desta unidade de conservação no contexto urbano, e contribuir para sua preservação, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. / This study presents the zoning considering a segment of Cantareira State Park (Parque Estadual da Cantareira). This segment is crossed by Fernão Dias Highway (BR 381). This research was conducted based on a systematic approach, considering the integration of information related to the physical and biotic environment, land use, and law aspects, gathered via literature review, cartographic materials, interpretation of the remote sensing outcomes and fieldwork. The studied area presents three well defined segments: the north-facing segment allows observation of sparse occupation with expression of forest remainders, the south-facing segment presents a higher diversity of categories of land use, characterized by urban areas and areas in process of urbanization, horticultural activities, stone extraction areas, sanitary waste dump area, reforestation and a fragmented forest. The Cantareira State Park (Parque Estadual da Cantareira) separates these two areas, and it is almost entirely covered by the native forest. I could verify that urban planning instruments and environmental legislation in the studied area were not efficient in controlling the urban expansion directed to the park, allowing the urbanization of fragile segments from a geomorphologic standpoint and, also, environmental degradation. The purpose of environmental zoning and the recommendations presented here aim at subsidizing the park management plan review, supporting the definition of its buffer zone, as a way of reverting the increasing trend of isolation of this urban conservation unit, and contributing to its conservation, providing for the improvement of the environmental quality within the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T19:41:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Silva Cavalcante - 2014.pdf: 3907476 bytes, checksum: 393762446956fb4e2ba5d18df0c0ba9b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-10T12:06:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Silva Cavalcante - 2014.pdf: 3907476 bytes, checksum: 393762446956fb4e2ba5d18df0c0ba9b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-10T12:06:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Angelo Silva Cavalcante - 2014.pdf: 3907476 bytes, checksum: 393762446956fb4e2ba5d18df0c0ba9b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / The sugarcane industry is a new beginning of this century and millennium in Brazil. Definitely not limited to, alone, plant and process sugar cane and, from there, generating, besides alcohol, derived elements such as bagasse and that, after being burned, converted into electricity. The new economic activity and that this becomes an institution is primarily the production of subjectivity and that without proper intellectual acuity, will not be noticed. Modern cultivation of sugar cane produces its own type of urbanity, has the ability to shape and sociability own specific types of social interaction which, after all, objectively serve their motion generator rents and surplus value. Otherwise, sugarcane beginning of this millennium beyond the relationship with the classical commodity permeates the very considerable financial and budgetary amount invested by Streamlined and linked resources, the multiplicity of interests involved therein and the refounding, nothing social or democratic, a relationship involving the public and private and that inevitably redefines the very meaning of ownership. Finally, the new and renewing power of the sugarcane industry resides and is renewed in essential attribute of the construct of perceptions, senses, sensibilities and their own ways of being and living in the city. The research deals primarily and mainly this line that the industry could be with the various social and economic dimensions of the part which is to ultimately ensure strength and power for the segment which is privileged member, agribusiness. This line, based from the places where the plants are installed and, from strict organizational and hierarchical formats, can involve all localities and al related resources standardizing its production and movement too harsh hierarchy. In these we have, this phenomenon is rather present in Itumbiara, medium-sized city located in the extreme south of the state of Goiás and had all his territoriality rollover to light and socio-territorial interests of the sugarcane cultivation. This anti-modern movement has built up an astonishing demographic shift so as to virtually eliminate the areas of family cottages, converting them into quaint and ridiculous enclaves amid the sweet sea of sugar cane fields. Otherwise, this research seeks to situate advancement, consolidation and persistence of sugarcane in policy and historicity and that will finally provide effective substance for the present times in the city of Itumbiara. Finally, the effects and consequences of this phenomenon are the central aim of this study and its impact on the city, especially the city of the poor. / O setor sucroenergético é uma novidade neste começo de século e milênio no Brasil. Definitivamente, não se restringe a, tão somente, plantar e processar cana de açúcar e, a partir daí, gerar, além do álcool, elementos derivados como o bagaço e que, depois de queimado, converte-se em energia elétrica. O novo desta atividade econômica e que se converte em instituição é, sobretudo, a produção de uma subjetividade e que, sem a devida acuidade intelectual, não será percebida. O moderno cultivo da cana de açúcar produz um tipo próprio de urbanidade, possui a capacidade de dar forma a sociabilidades e tipos próprios e específicos de interações sociais que, ao fim e ao cabo, servirão objetivamente ao seu movimento gerador de rendas e mais-valor. De outro modo, a cana de açúcar deste começo de milênio além da relação com as clássicas commodities, perpassa pelo muito considerável montante financeiro e orçamentário investido, pelos recursos dinamizados e encadeados, pela multiplicidade dos interesses aí envolvidos e pela refundação, nada social ou democrática, de uma relação envolvendo o público e privado e que, inevitavelmente, redefine o próprio sentido de propriedade. Finalmente, a força nova e renovadora do setor sucroenergético reside e é renovada no atributo essencial do constructo de percepções, sentidos, sensibilidades e formas próprias de ser e de estar na cidade. A pesquisa trata, sobretudo e, principalmente dessa sintonia que o setor conseguiu constituir com as várias dimensões sociais e econômicas da qual é parte para, finalmente, garantir força e potência para o segmento da qual é integrante privilegiado, o agronegócio. Essa sintonia, alicerçada desde os locais em que as usinas são instaladas e que, a partir de rigorosos formatos organizativos e hierarquizados, consegue envolver todas as localidades e recursos ai relacionados em seu movimento produtivo uniformizador e de muito dura hierarquização. Nesses termos, este fenômeno é assaz presente em Itumbiara, cidade de porte médio, situada no extremo sul do Estado de Goiás e que teve toda a sua territorialidade revirada à luz e aos interesses socioterritoriais do cultivo canavieiro. Desse movimento antimoderno tem-se um espantoso deslocamento demográfico interno de modo a, praticamente, eliminar as áreas do rural familiar, convertendo-as em enclaves pitorescos e irrisórios em meio ao mar doce de lavouras de cana de açúcar. De outro modo, essa pesquisa busca situar o avanço, consolidação e permanência da cana de açúcar na historicidade política e econômica e que, finalmente irá dar substância efetiva para os tempos presentes na cidade de Itumbiara. Finalmente, os efeitos e desdobramentos desse fenômeno são o objetivo central deste estudo e sua incidência sobre a cidade, sobretudo a cidade dos mais pobres.

Software to display and analyse DNA sequences is a crucial tool for bioinformatics research. The data of a DNA sequence has a relatively simple format but the length and sheer volume of data can create difficulties in navigation while maintaining overall context. This is one reason that current bioinformatics applications can be difficult to use. This research examines techniques for navigating through large single DNA sequences and their annotations. Navigation in DNA sequences is considered here in terms of the navigational activities: exploration, wayfinding and identifying objects. A process incorporating user-centred design was used to create prototypes involving panning and zooming of DNA sequences. This approach included a questionnaire to define the target users and their goals, an examination of existing bioinformatics applications to identify navigation designs, a heuristic evaluation of those designs, and a usability study of prototypes. Three designs for panning and five designs for zooming were selected for development. During usability testing, users were asked to perform common navigational activities using each of the designs. The “Connected View” design was found to be the most usable for panning while the “Zoom Slider” design was best for zooming and most useful zooming tool for tasks involving browsing. For some tasks the ability to zoom was unnecessary. The research provides important insights into the expectations that researchers have of bioinformatics applications and suitable methods for designing for that audience. The outcomes of this type of research can be used to help improve bioinformatics applications so that they will be truly usable by researchers.