Thesis (doctoral)--Nijmegen, 1984.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva / Banca: Jose Luís Fernando Luque Alejos / Banca: Luciano Alves dos Anjos / Resumo: A busca por fatores que levam a variação na composição e estrutura das comunidades de parasitas é um ponto chave nos estudos de ecologia do parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar se a composição, estrutura e diversidade das comunidades componentes de helmintos de Notothenia coriiceps podem variar em termos locais e temporais na baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Península Antártica. Os peixes foram coletados em cincos locais diferentes denominados, Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refúgio I e Smok Point, totalizando 126 indivíduos. Após capturados, os peixes foram necropsiados e os parasitas encontrados foram coletados, quantificados, fixados e identificados. Todos os peixes foram infectados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto parasita. Das 13 espécies de helmintos encontradas, cinco eram larvas (2 cestóides, 2 nematóides e 1 acantocéfalo) e oito adultos (5 digenéticos e 3 de acantocéfalos). As espécies dominantes e com as maiores intensidades em todos os locais foram adultos de Macvicaria georgiana e Aspersentis megarhynchus e cistacanto de Corynosoma sp., com destaque para os locais Arctowiski e Smok Point. As espécies Genolinea bowesi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni e larvas de Tetraphyllidae apresentaram um padrão relativamente semelhante de infecção. A riqueza local variou de 9-11 taxa, seguidos por 13 e 11 no primeiro e segundo verão, enquanto que a riqueza de toda a baía (regional) atingiu 13 taxa. O índice de diversidade e equitabilidade tiveram pouca variação entre os locais, enquanto que para a baía (regional) e entre os anos praticamente não diferiu. As comunidades componentes com base na diversidade exibiram pouca variação entre as localidades estudadas demonstrando que as espécies de helmintos se distribuem quase igualmente na baía do Almirantado. Apesar da distância entre os locais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The search for factors that lead to variation in composition and community structure of parasites is a key point in studies of the ecology of parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of helminth communities components of Notothenia coriiceps may vary on a local and temporal in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Fish were collected at five different locations named as Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refuge I, and Smok Point, totaling 126 individuals. Once captured, fish were necropsied and the parasites found were collected, quantified, identified and fixed. All fish were infected with at least one species of helminth parasites. Of the 13 helminth species found, five were larvae (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) and eight adults (five digenean and three acanthocephalans). The dominant species and with greater intensities at all sites were adults of Macvicaria georgiana, Aspersentis megarhynchus and cistacanth of Corynosoma sp., with emphasis on Arctowiski and Smok Point places. The species G. bowersi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni and Tetraphyllidae larvae showed a relatively similar pattern of infection. The local species richness ranged from 9-11 species, followed by 13 and 11 in the first and second summer, while the wealth of the entire bay (regional) species was 13. The diversity index and evenness had little variation among locations, while the bay (regional) and between the years virtually had no differences. Communities based on diversity components showed little variation among the areas studied, demonstrating that the helminth species are distributed almost equally in Admiralty Bay. Despite the distance between the sites have from 2 to 9 km, this does not influence this diversity, but to be a key factor for the variations in the levels of infection among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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The main aim of the diploma thesis is to compare the effectivity of homeopathy and classic chemical way of deworming of horses. In total 18 horses were included in the observation, who were all stabled on one farm. The observation took place during one pasture season. The first faecal examination was carried out for the purpose of qualitative analysis of occurrence of parasites in horses' digestive tract. Subsequently, each faecal examination was realized as a quantitative analysis using the modified McMaster technique. Faecal analysis was carried out always before and after the use of both dewormers (homeopathic and allopathic). The horses treated with homeopathic dewormer were tested more frequently. Faecal sample diagnostics showed contamination by only two types of parasites, small and large strongyles. Coprology analysis proved excellent effectivity of allopathic dewormers and zero resistance to the active substance. The homeopathic dewormer managed to keep some horses at low level infection, where EPG was below 200 (eggs per gram). The effectivity of both dewormers was realized in three cases. Faecal analysis after anthelmintic treatment was chosen in the first case. In the second case the difference between the two dewormers was analyzed after a given period of time following the application. In the third case the overall differences between both dewormers were assessed. It can be stated that the homeopathic dewormer PVB etat vermieux can be successfully used as supplementary and prophylactic treatment of horses during the year. At the same time it is important to give attention to regular faecal analysis and eventual use of allopathic dewormers after the testing. The use of homeopathy, however, is advantageous from both the ecological and health point of view.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_apfl_dr_botfm.pdf: 975637 bytes, checksum: fd75b8cd1d1053ad74ff487f91f0329a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resposta humoral, a carga parasitária e os aspectos histopatológicos presentes no fígado em camundongos BALB/c experimentalmente infectados por L. (L.) chagasi e imunossuprimidos. 96 camundongos foram subdivididos em quatro grupos: controle (I) – sem tratamento; imunossuprimidos (II) – tratamento com dexametasona (DXM) e pentoxifilina (PTX); infectado (III) – infecção por L (L.) chagasi e infectados e imunossuprimidos (IV) - infecção por L (L.) chagasi e tratados com DXM e PTX. O dia de infecção foi considerado como o dia zero e a imunossupressão ocorreu 60 dias pós-infecção. As amostras foram obtidas de cada grupo, em momentos distintos 15, 30, 60, 75 e 90 dias pós-infecção, em que se coletou sangue total, para detecção de IgG1 e IgG2a pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), fragmentos de baço e fígado, para detecção da carga parasitária pela técnica de microtitulação em cultura e fragmentos de fígado para o exame histopatológico. Houve diferença significativa na produção das imunoglobulinas e IgG1 foi à subclasse de imunoglobulina mais produzida pelos grupos (P < 0,0001). Quando comparadas a subclasses de imunoglobulinas dentro do mesmo grupo, IgG1 também apresentou médias maiores de produção nos grupos III e IV (P = 0,014 e P = 0,009). E quando se considera o momento, não houve diferenças significativas entre IgG1 e IgG2a. Aos 90 dias pós-infecção foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias de produção de IgG1 e IgG2a, entre os grupos III e IV e o grupo III produziu mais as duas subclasses (P = 0,02). Nos momentos 75 e 90 dias pós-infecção houve produção maior de IgG1 e IgG2a. O Grupo IV apresentou maior carga parasitária (P < 0,005). A carga parasitária no fígado foi mais elevada 15 e 30 dias pós-infecção... / This study aimed to evaluate the humoral response, the parasite load and liver histopathological features in BALB/c experimentally infected by L. (L.) chagasi and immunosuppressed Ninety-six mice divided into four groups: control (I) - no treatment; immunosuppressed (II) - Treatment with dexamethasone (DXM) and pentoxifylline (PTX), infected (III) - infection by L. (L.) chagasi and infected and immunosuppressed (IV) - infection by L (L.) chagasi and treated with PTX and DXM. The days of infection was considered as day zero and immunosuppression occurred 60 days post-infection. Samples were obtained from each group at different times 15, 30, 60, 75 and 90 days post-infection, which collected whole blood for detection of IgG1 and IgG2a by test immunoassay (ELISA), fragments of spleen and liver, to detect the parasite load in the technique microtiter culture and fragments of liver for histopathology. Significant differences in production of immunoglobulins, IgG1 was the subclass immunoglobulin produced by most groups (P<0.0001). When comparing the immunoglobulin subclasses within the same group, IgG1 also showed higher average production in groups III and IV (P=0.014 and P=0.009). When one considers the time, there were no significant differences between IgG1 and IgG2a. At 90 days post-infection were significant differences between the means of production of IgG1 and IgG2a between group III and IV and group III produced over the two subclasses (P=0.02). In periods of 75 and 90 days post-infection there was increased production of IgG1 and IgG2a. Group IV showed a higher parasite load (P <0.005). The parasite load in the liver was higher 15 and 30 days post-infection and 60 post-infection in spleen (P = 0.0001, P = 0.004, P=0.01), regardless of group. Considering the group IV, 15 days post-infection... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 wunderlich_ac_me_botib.pdf: 566474 bytes, checksum: 0171c033f151c1c496f3c9115f005251 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A busca por fatores que levam a variação na composição e estrutura das comunidades de parasitas é um ponto chave nos estudos de ecologia do parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar se a composição, estrutura e diversidade das comunidades componentes de helmintos de Notothenia coriiceps podem variar em termos locais e temporais na baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Península Antártica. Os peixes foram coletados em cincos locais diferentes denominados, Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refúgio I e Smok Point, totalizando 126 indivíduos. Após capturados, os peixes foram necropsiados e os parasitas encontrados foram coletados, quantificados, fixados e identificados. Todos os peixes foram infectados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto parasita. Das 13 espécies de helmintos encontradas, cinco eram larvas (2 cestóides, 2 nematóides e 1 acantocéfalo) e oito adultos (5 digenéticos e 3 de acantocéfalos). As espécies dominantes e com as maiores intensidades em todos os locais foram adultos de Macvicaria georgiana e Aspersentis megarhynchus e cistacanto de Corynosoma sp., com destaque para os locais Arctowiski e Smok Point. As espécies Genolinea bowesi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni e larvas de Tetraphyllidae apresentaram um padrão relativamente semelhante de infecção. A riqueza local variou de 9-11 taxa, seguidos por 13 e 11 no primeiro e segundo verão, enquanto que a riqueza de toda a baía (regional) atingiu 13 taxa. O índice de diversidade e equitabilidade tiveram pouca variação entre os locais, enquanto que para a baía (regional) e entre os anos praticamente não diferiu. As comunidades componentes com base na diversidade exibiram pouca variação entre as localidades estudadas demonstrando que as espécies de helmintos se distribuem quase igualmente na baía do Almirantado. Apesar da distância entre os locais... / The search for factors that lead to variation in composition and community structure of parasites is a key point in studies of the ecology of parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of helminth communities components of Notothenia coriiceps may vary on a local and temporal in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Fish were collected at five different locations named as Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refuge I, and Smok Point, totaling 126 individuals. Once captured, fish were necropsied and the parasites found were collected, quantified, identified and fixed. All fish were infected with at least one species of helminth parasites. Of the 13 helminth species found, five were larvae (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) and eight adults (five digenean and three acanthocephalans). The dominant species and with greater intensities at all sites were adults of Macvicaria georgiana, Aspersentis megarhynchus and cistacanth of Corynosoma sp., with emphasis on Arctowiski and Smok Point places. The species G. bowersi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni and Tetraphyllidae larvae showed a relatively similar pattern of infection. The local species richness ranged from 9-11 species, followed by 13 and 11 in the first and second summer, while the wealth of the entire bay (regional) species was 13. The diversity index and evenness had little variation among locations, while the bay (regional) and between the years virtually had no differences. Communities based on diversity components showed little variation among the areas studied, demonstrating that the helminth species are distributed almost equally in Admiralty Bay. Despite the distance between the sites have from 2 to 9 km, this does not influence this diversity, but to be a key factor for the variations in the levels of infection among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

M.Sc. (Zoology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Sc. / Recent years have seen a remarkable increase in scientific research and studies conducted regarding the unique group of parasitic isopods known as gnathiids. The taxonomy of gnathiids are based solely on the morphological characteristics of the free-living adult males, which means that the female and larval life stages are often not collected and described with the males, and when collected it is seldom possible to even identify these stages when not in the company of there adult males. Numerous studies have been conducted in Australia regarding cleaning behaviour of coral reef fishes, where these gnathiid larvae are extremely abundant and are often collected. These types of studies as well as others are increasing all around the world, and because of the fact that the larvae cannot be easily identified, the results and data collected from these various studies are often misinterpreted or inconclusive and makes no sense. The fact that gnathiid larvae may serve as possible vectors for certain fish blood parasites and have various physiological and ecological effects on their fish hosts, which may lead to mortality, can have detrimental economical effects on the fisheries industry. This study was thus conducted to improve the identification methods that are currently applied to the larval life stages of gnathiid isopods through various means including increasing the number of detailed descriptions available, constructing a taxonomic key and lastly conducting a basic phylogenetic analysis of a group of known gnathiid larvae in order to aid researchers with future identifications. It was hypothesised that firstly, although there are some gnathiid descriptions from coral reefs, mostly of adult males, it is likely that there are still a great number of unknown and not yet described gnathiid species, because coral reefs are one of the most highly biodiverse marine ecosystems. Secondly, that the distribution of coral reef gnathiids is much wider than currently known or documented and lastly, that it might be possible to identify gnathiid larvae species in the absence of adult males, through the use of detailed taxonomic descriptions of these larval stages and there live colouration patterns, and to then construct a taxonomic key to aid researchers with future identifications.

M.Sc. / In this research project, a variety of sites and ecosystems were studied. These ranged from tropical coral reefs (north-eastern Coast of Australia), to warm temperate intertidal pools (South Coast of South Africa, SA) and sub-tropical estuaries (East Coast of SA). The overall aims of the thesis were to examine the haematophagous gnathiid ectoparasites and blood protozoans of some host teleosts found in these systems, and to some extent to investigate the role gnathiids might play as vectors of the protozoans. Gnathiid research in Australia on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) focuses mainly on gnathiid ecology and not taxonomy. This is not the case in SA, where gnathiid taxonomy is researched more regularly and gnathiid ecology has received little attention. In this thesis, two new gnathiid species, Gnathia aureamaculosa and Gnathia sp. B, were described from a number of teleost fishes of the GBR and several morphological features, including live colouration patterns, were highlighted as useful in future gnathiid identification and discrimination. The feeding ecology of Gnathia africana from SA was also examined and this feeding study was based on similar work done on coral reef gnathiids in Australia. Gnathiids of the GBR are mainly nocturnal due to cleaner fish predation during the day, whereas G. africana was found to have a preference for dawn/early morning/midday feeding on an intertidal teleost, Clinus superciliosus. Gnathia africana‟s behaviour/feeding patterns, especially of its different juvenile stages, are therefore determined by time of day, and likely by locality and predation by other organisms, such as fishes, though probably not by cleaner fish. Gnathiid feeding behaviours/patterns are thus, it seems, determined by environmental and biological factors, and these vary according to the type of ecosystem studied. Several gnathiids and fish blood protozoan species are known from the South Coast of SA, but the East Coast has remained largely unexplored. Sampling along the East Coast yielded the first records of haemogregarines from the blood of fishes in this region, in particular new hosts and locality records probably for both probable Haemogregarina bigemina and a Haemogregarina quadrigemina – like haemogregarine. However, both haemogregarines displayed unusual features compared with the original species descriptions, in size, development patterns, or effect on host cells. Limited data suggested that juveniles of Gnathia pilosus were possible haematophagous vectors of these haemogregarines, but further studies are required to confirm this.