Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva / Banca: Jose Luís Fernando Luque Alejos / Banca: Luciano Alves dos Anjos / Resumo: A busca por fatores que levam a variação na composição e estrutura das comunidades de parasitas é um ponto chave nos estudos de ecologia do parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar se a composição, estrutura e diversidade das comunidades componentes de helmintos de Notothenia coriiceps podem variar em termos locais e temporais na baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Península Antártica. Os peixes foram coletados em cincos locais diferentes denominados, Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refúgio I e Smok Point, totalizando 126 indivíduos. Após capturados, os peixes foram necropsiados e os parasitas encontrados foram coletados, quantificados, fixados e identificados. Todos os peixes foram infectados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto parasita. Das 13 espécies de helmintos encontradas, cinco eram larvas (2 cestóides, 2 nematóides e 1 acantocéfalo) e oito adultos (5 digenéticos e 3 de acantocéfalos). As espécies dominantes e com as maiores intensidades em todos os locais foram adultos de Macvicaria georgiana e Aspersentis megarhynchus e cistacanto de Corynosoma sp., com destaque para os locais Arctowiski e Smok Point. As espécies Genolinea bowesi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni e larvas de Tetraphyllidae apresentaram um padrão relativamente semelhante de infecção. A riqueza local variou de 9-11 taxa, seguidos por 13 e 11 no primeiro e segundo verão, enquanto que a riqueza de toda a baía (regional) atingiu 13 taxa. O índice de diversidade e equitabilidade tiveram pouca variação entre os locais, enquanto que para a baía (regional) e entre os anos praticamente não diferiu. As comunidades componentes com base na diversidade exibiram pouca variação entre as localidades estudadas demonstrando que as espécies de helmintos se distribuem quase igualmente na baía do Almirantado. Apesar da distância entre os locais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The search for factors that lead to variation in composition and community structure of parasites is a key point in studies of the ecology of parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of helminth communities components of Notothenia coriiceps may vary on a local and temporal in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Fish were collected at five different locations named as Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refuge I, and Smok Point, totaling 126 individuals. Once captured, fish were necropsied and the parasites found were collected, quantified, identified and fixed. All fish were infected with at least one species of helminth parasites. Of the 13 helminth species found, five were larvae (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) and eight adults (five digenean and three acanthocephalans). The dominant species and with greater intensities at all sites were adults of Macvicaria georgiana, Aspersentis megarhynchus and cistacanth of Corynosoma sp., with emphasis on Arctowiski and Smok Point places. The species G. bowersi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni and Tetraphyllidae larvae showed a relatively similar pattern of infection. The local species richness ranged from 9-11 species, followed by 13 and 11 in the first and second summer, while the wealth of the entire bay (regional) species was 13. The diversity index and evenness had little variation among locations, while the bay (regional) and between the years virtually had no differences. Communities based on diversity components showed little variation among the areas studied, demonstrating that the helminth species are distributed almost equally in Admiralty Bay. Despite the distance between the sites have from 2 to 9 km, this does not influence this diversity, but to be a key factor for the variations in the levels of infection among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 wunderlich_ac_me_botib.pdf: 566474 bytes, checksum: 0171c033f151c1c496f3c9115f005251 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A busca por fatores que levam a variação na composição e estrutura das comunidades de parasitas é um ponto chave nos estudos de ecologia do parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar se a composição, estrutura e diversidade das comunidades componentes de helmintos de Notothenia coriiceps podem variar em termos locais e temporais na baía do Almirantado, Ilha Rei George, Península Antártica. Os peixes foram coletados em cincos locais diferentes denominados, Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refúgio I e Smok Point, totalizando 126 indivíduos. Após capturados, os peixes foram necropsiados e os parasitas encontrados foram coletados, quantificados, fixados e identificados. Todos os peixes foram infectados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto parasita. Das 13 espécies de helmintos encontradas, cinco eram larvas (2 cestóides, 2 nematóides e 1 acantocéfalo) e oito adultos (5 digenéticos e 3 de acantocéfalos). As espécies dominantes e com as maiores intensidades em todos os locais foram adultos de Macvicaria georgiana e Aspersentis megarhynchus e cistacanto de Corynosoma sp., com destaque para os locais Arctowiski e Smok Point. As espécies Genolinea bowesi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni e larvas de Tetraphyllidae apresentaram um padrão relativamente semelhante de infecção. A riqueza local variou de 9-11 taxa, seguidos por 13 e 11 no primeiro e segundo verão, enquanto que a riqueza de toda a baía (regional) atingiu 13 taxa. O índice de diversidade e equitabilidade tiveram pouca variação entre os locais, enquanto que para a baía (regional) e entre os anos praticamente não diferiu. As comunidades componentes com base na diversidade exibiram pouca variação entre as localidades estudadas demonstrando que as espécies de helmintos se distribuem quase igualmente na baía do Almirantado. Apesar da distância entre os locais... / The search for factors that lead to variation in composition and community structure of parasites is a key point in studies of the ecology of parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and diversity of helminth communities components of Notothenia coriiceps may vary on a local and temporal in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Fish were collected at five different locations named as Arctowiski, Ipanema, Punta Ullman, Refuge I, and Smok Point, totaling 126 individuals. Once captured, fish were necropsied and the parasites found were collected, quantified, identified and fixed. All fish were infected with at least one species of helminth parasites. Of the 13 helminth species found, five were larvae (2 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) and eight adults (five digenean and three acanthocephalans). The dominant species and with greater intensities at all sites were adults of Macvicaria georgiana, Aspersentis megarhynchus and cistacanth of Corynosoma sp., with emphasis on Arctowiski and Smok Point places. The species G. bowersi, Pseudoterranova sp., Contracaecum sp., Metacanthocephalus johnstoni and Tetraphyllidae larvae showed a relatively similar pattern of infection. The local species richness ranged from 9-11 species, followed by 13 and 11 in the first and second summer, while the wealth of the entire bay (regional) species was 13. The diversity index and evenness had little variation among locations, while the bay (regional) and between the years virtually had no differences. Communities based on diversity components showed little variation among the areas studied, demonstrating that the helminth species are distributed almost equally in Admiralty Bay. Despite the distance between the sites have from 2 to 9 km, this does not influence this diversity, but to be a key factor for the variations in the levels of infection among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology)) --University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011 / South Africa's water resources are limited and scarce in global terms, due to the fact that the country's climate varies from desert to semi-desert in the west to sub-humid along the coastal area. The country is also expected to experience further variability in rainfall, reduced precipitation and increased evaporation as a result of climate change. At the projected population growth and economic development rates, it is unlikely that the projected demand on water resources in South Africa will be sustainable. An additional concern is the declining water quality due to domestic, mining and industrial pollution, and eutrophication as well as salinisation due to agricultural pollution. Thus, aquatic ecosystems must be protected, monitored and managed to ensure sustainable resource use. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare possible environmental deterioration by analysing fish health and parasite diversity in three dams within the Limpopo and Olifants River Systems by using the fish Health Assessment Index (HAI) and the Inverted Parasite Index (IPI). The intention of the study was to substantiate the theories behind the HAI and IPI in a bid to augment strategies to manage water quality, fish health and aquatic biodiversity. Seasonal surveys were carried out between April 2008 and April 2010 at three localities. The Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams are in a Nature Reserve located in a rural catchment, the Flag Boshielo Dam in an industrualised and mining catchment whereas the Return Water Dam is located on a platinum mining premise. Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) were collected with the aid of gill nets and used as indicator fish species. Fish were examined for external parasites after which they were weighed and measured. Blood was drawn and skin smears were made. The skin smears were examined with a dissecting microscope for the presence of parasites. Fish were killed, dissected and then examined as prescribed in the fish HAI. From the ecto- and endoparasite data collected, infection statistics and ecological parameters were calculated. The HAI values were calculated for each fish species at each sampling site. To verify the results of the HAI, water quality was included in the studyThe nutrients and mining related pollutants of the three dams differed to a great extent and showed a similar increasing trend in the order: Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams < Flag Boshielo Dam < Return water Dam. Our results were consistent with previous work describing Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams as essentially unimpacted and Flag Boshielo Dam as impacted with a combination of mining and agricultural effluents. The results have shown that the Return Water Dam is an extremely polluted site with high levels of nutrients and metals. Fish health of both species responded similarly to polluted sites although mean population HAI results showed that C. gariepinus was more affected in terms of haematocrit necropsy-related alterations. The top six metrics that correlated most to fish health scores were nearly the same for both species (i.e. haematocrit values, inverted ectoparasite index, condition of the kidney, liver, gills and skin). The parasite community of C. gariepinus comprised 19 metazoan species. Seventeen parasite species were recovered from fish sampled from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams compared to 11 at Flag Boshielo Dam and four at the Return Water Dam. The parasite community of O. mossambicus comprised 20 metazoan species. A total of 19 species, 17 species, and 4 species of metazoan parasites from O. mossambicus were obtained from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams, Flag Boshielo Dam and the Return Water Dam, respectively. In both fish species, the Shannon Wiener Index, the inverse Simpson Index, equitability and the number of metazoan parasite individuals were highest in fish from Luphephe-Nwanedi Dams. The results of this study emphasized the negative impacts of urbanization, agricultural and mining activities on the environment. The fish hosts collected in the mining premise supported the poorest and least diverse parasite communities of all sampled sites, with virtual depletion of both heteroxenous and monoxenous species. The Return Water Dam may therefore be regarded as a simulation model for a severely environmentally deteriorated, impoverished habitat, in which all or part of the intermediate hosts have been depleted, enabling the survival of hardy parasite species only. Further studies should address the identification of parasite life stages that are more sensitive to pollutants / The National Research Foundation,the Flemish Interuniversity Council(VLIR-UOS),and the Division for Research Administration and Development,University of Limpopo

Orientador: Reinaldo José da Silva / Abstract: Species differ in their environmental preferences, leading to processes in the community based in gradient variations that decrease as the distance increases. This process diminishes faster in heterogeneous landscapes, especially in solid areas of bands like South American open diagonally, that is characterized by horizontal stratification environments, presenting a landscape mosaic that extends from the Caatinga to the regions of Chaco, through the Pantanal. The Cerrado, Pantanal and Caatinga are characterized by great diversity of vertebrate anuran species, including the host Leptodactylus fuscus. These regions are inserted in the open diagonal South American. The composition and the relationship between parasite-host infra-populations of helminth species associated with L. fuscus specimens were described in three different regions of Brazil. Amphibians are found in a variety of habitats and exhibit different reproductive and behavioral patterns, considered good models to study parasitology. The study evaluated if there is a decay on the similarity between geographically distant communities and concluded that these two variables are positively associated. This study assessed 155 hosts and found a total of 16 taxa: Aplectana membranosa, Aplectana pintoi, Schankiana formosula, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Oswaldocruzia lopesi, Oxyascaris necopinus, Glypthelmins linguatula, Catadiscus cf. marinholutzi, Physaloptera sp., Physalopteroides sp., Rhabdias sp., metacercariae (Diplostomid... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: As espécies diferem em suas preferências ambientais, isto conduz a processos na comunidade baseados em variações de gradiente que decrescem com o aumento da distância, sobretudo em faixas de áreas contínuas como a diagonal aberta sul-americana, apresentando um mosaico paisagístico que se estende desde a Caatinga até as regiões do Chaco. O Cerrado, Pantanal e Caatinga são caracterizados pela grande diversidade de espécies de vertebrados anuros, incluindo o hospedeiro Leptodactylus fuscus, e estas regiões estão inseridas na diagonal aberta Sul Americana. Foi descrita a composição e a relação entre parasita-hospedeiro de infra-populações das espécies de helmintos associados com espécimes do Leptodactylus fuscus em três regiões diferentes do Brasil. Os anfíbios são encontrados em uma variedade de habitats e exibem diversos padrões reprodutivos e comportamentais, por isso são considerados bons modelos de estudo para a parasitologia. O trabalho avaliou se ha um decaimento na similaridade entre comunidades geograficamente distantes, e concluiu que estas duas variáveis se associam positivamente. Foram avaliados 155 espécimes de hospedeiros totalizando 16 taxas de helmintos, Aplectana membranosa, Aplectana pintoi, Schankiana formosula, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Oswaldocruzia lopesi, Oxyascaris necopinus, Glypthelmins linguatula, Catadiscus cf. marinholutzi, Physaloptera sp., Physalopteroides sp., Rhabdias sp., metacercárias da Família Diplostomidae, nematodas da Família Cosmocercidae, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by João Henrique Costa (henrique@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-12-22T15:45:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 710350 bytes, checksum: 1690abae39b38922136d39e01300a1b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T15:45:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 710350 bytes, checksum: 1690abae39b38922136d39e01300a1b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Reduce human impacts to water quality, potentially affecting biodiversity. Fish parasites can be good indicators of the quality of water bodies, and their presence or absence can be interpreted as a sign of changes in habitat and help in the diagnosis of environmental problems. The study was conducted in two Paraiba’s estuaries, Mamanguape (APA) and North Paraíba (surrounded by riverside community) in order to verify characteristics of the hosts and abiotic data as predictors of wealth gill parasites of fish. The species chosen hosts were Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825), Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 and Rhinosardinea bahiensis (Steindachner, 1879). In addition, the most prevalent and abundant copepod, Acusicola brasiliensis, was tested as a possible biomarker. Generalized Linear Models were built with the intention to test the influence of the following predictor variables: weight, length, relative condition factor (Kn) collection period (full or dry), the estuary area, estuary, pH, ammonia, total dissolved solids , turbidity, transparency, nitrate, nitrite, conductivity, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a in wealth response variables of parasites and plenty of Acusicola brasiliensis. Both the wealth and the abundance of A. brasiliensis had significant relationship with parameters that indicate the quality of water, and you can use them as indicators of environmental health. / Parasitos são importantes componentes das comunidades e constituem grande parte da diversidade biológica encontrada em diversos ecossistemas, podendo fornecer valiosas informações acerca de seus hospedeiros e o ambiente onde vivem. Entretanto, apesar de sua importância, a biodiversidade parasitária ainda é pouco conhecida em algumas regiões do Brasil, principalmente no que tange os parasitos de peixes na região Nordeste, sendo a maioria dos estudos concentrados na região Sudeste e Norte. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral fazer o levantamento de fauna parasitária de peixes dos estuários do rio Paraíba do Norte e do rio Mamanguape, os dois principais estuários do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas duas coletas de peixes em cada estuário, em novembro de 2013 e em julho de 2014, utilizando arrastos manuais. Após a identificação e necropsia dos peixes, seus parasitos foram coletados, armazenados e identificados com a maior resolução taxonômica possível. Para cada espécie de parasito, foram calculados os valores de prevalência, intensidade média e abundância média. Dentre os 794 peixes examinados, pertencentes a quatro espécies, 145 estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasito. No total, foram registradas 21 espécies de parasitos, dentre eles digenéticos, copépoda, isopodas, nematodas e monogenéticos, sendo o copépode Acusicola brasiliensis a espécie mais abundante. Considerando que a fauna parasitológica dos peixes destes estuários ainda não havia sido estudada, todos as ocorrências são novos registros de localidades para as espécies de parasitos. Além disso, novos registros de hospedeiros são feitos para espécies de parasitos já registradas em outras regiões.