No description available.

In certain diseases, like Multiple Sklerosis and Alzheimer's disease, the progression of the disease can be measured by whole brain atrophy. A difficulty with this is that all people have very different scull sizes, thus also very different brain sizes. This makes it almost impossible to establish "normal values" for brain size. The spread is very large and the method is not practical to use for individual patients. A method with less spread in healthy persons is to use the ratio of the Brain Parenchymal Fraction (BPF). The use of Brain Parenchymal Fraction has increased steadily since it was first introduced in 1999.  BPF = BPV/ICV This study was performed to increase the knowledge of what is normal and to evaluate the robustness of the BPF as a measurement for brain atrophy. Among other things, the change in the BPF when calculated from incomplete volumes (parts of the scull missing in the set of MR images) was evaluated.  The results show that when parts are missing from the top (superior) of the scull the resulting BPF is strictly higher than the correct PBF and when parts are missing from the lower (inferior) part of teh scull the resulting BPF is stritly lower than teh correct value.  Two different methods where tried to compensate for missing parts. The first method was to find a variable factor to compensate with, the size of this factor was depending on how much of the scull that was missing. The second method was to interpolate the ICV and BPV curves and from the new interpolated curves, calculate a new BPF. The method of compensating incomplete volumes using a factor calculated as a function of the intercranial volume of the first/last available slice turned out to be the better.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by inflammatory damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulated CNS injury can be quantified as brain atrophy, definable as a reduction in brain parenchymal fraction (BPF). BPF correlate with disability in MS and is used routinely as an endpoint in clinical trials. In 2009/2010, a new MS clinical care program, that includes follow-up of BPF, was introduced at Umeå University Hospital (NUS). Levels of neurofilament light polypetide (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are markers of axonal and astrocytic injury, respectively, and also potential surrogate biomarkers for BPF decline. The goals of this thesis were to establish age-adjusted values of BPF in healthy individuals and to relate these to the BPF values from individuals with MS as well as to the levels of NFL and GFAP in CSF. Another goal was to investigate if expanded disability status scale (EDSS)-worsening could be predicted in a clinical MS cohort and if BPF measurements could contribute to such predictions. Methods A group of 111 healthy individuals volunteered to participate in the studies. A total of 106 of these underwent MRI with BPF measurements, 53 underwent lumbar puncture (LP) with measurement of NFL and GFAP and 48 underwent both MRI and LP. Three different automatic and one manual method were utilised to determine BPF. A literature search on BPF in healthy individuals was performed for the purpose of a systematic review. For studying disability progression in MS, all individuals with MS followed at NUS and included in the Swedish MS registry were included if they had matched data on BPF, EDSS and lesion load as part of clinical follow-up (n=278). Results BPF as well as NFL and GFAP levels in CSF were all associated with age. NFL was associated with BPF and GFAP, but only the association with GFAP was retained when adjusting for age. Significant differences were found between different methods for BPF determination. In the MS population, BPF was associated with EDSS. Only progressive disease course could predict EDSS worsening. Conclusion The data on BPF and levels of NFL and GFAP in CSF of healthy individuals can aid in the interpretation of these variables in the setting of MS. Knowledge on differences in BPF data from different methods for BPF determination can be useful in comparing data across studies, but also highlights the need for a commonly accepted gold standard. The correlation between GFAP and NFL levels in CSF may indicate an association between glial and axonal turnover that is independent of the aging effect on the brain. However, the low number of volunteers for LP precluded clear conclusions. An association between BPF and EDSS was seen in the MS group. The ability to predict EDSS worsening in the clinical MS cohort was limited.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20083号 / 医博第4176号 / 新制||医||1018(附属図書館) / 33199 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 増永 慎一郎, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 松田 道行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The historical development, current practice, and the future of interventional neuroradiology are intricately linked to the advancements in the imaging and devices used for neuroendovascular treatments. This thesis explores the advanced imaging potential of the C-arm imaging systems used in the neurointerventional suite and investigates the initial clinical experience with a new flow diverter device to treat the intracranial aneurysms. A cohort of aneurysmal SAH patients who developed delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) were prospectively studied with a new parenchymal blood volume (PBV) research protocol C-arm CT examination concurrent with a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination that included perfusion and diffusion weighted sequences. Using a robust quantitative volume-of-interest analysis, it was demonstrated that C-arm CT PBV measurements are in agreement with MR-PWI CBV and CBF, and the PBV represents a composite perfusion parameter with both blood-flow (≈60%) and blood-volume (≈40%) weightings. Subsequently, using a voxel-wise ROC curve analysis and MR-DWI, it was shown that using optimal thresholds, C-arm CT PBV measurements allow reliable demarcation of the irreversibly infarcted parenchyma. For evaluation of ischaemic parenchyma, the PBV measurements were reliable for moderate-to-severe ischaemia but were prone to underestimate the mild-to-moderate ischaemia. A catalogue of reference mean PBV measurements was then created for various anatomical regions encompassing the whole brain after excluding any locations with ongoing ischaemia or infarction. Next, using an ROI-based analysis of the C-arm CT projection data, steady-state contrast concentration assumption underlying the PBV calculations was investigated. It was demonstrated that for clinical scans, the ideal steady-state assumption is not fully met, however, for a large majority of C-arm CT examinations the temporal characteristics of TDCs closely approximate the expected ideal steady-state. The degree to which the TDC of a C-arm CT scan approximates the ideal steady-state was found to influence the resulting PBV measurements and their agreement to MR-CBV. Moreover, the temporal characteristics of TDCs showed inter-subject variation. Finally, the C-arm CT cross-sectional soft tissue images were demonstrated to be of adequate quality for the assessment of ventricles and for the detection of procedural vessel rupture. These findings advance the understanding of the nature of PBV parameter, establish the optimal PBV thresholds for infarction, provide reference PBV measurements, and highlight the limitations of C-arm CT PBV imaging. The work is of considerable clinical significance and has implications for implementation of C-arm CT PBV imaging in the interventional suite for management of patients with acute brain ischaemia. In regards to the initial clinical experience with the flow diversion treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the procedural, angiographic, and clinical outcomes were studied. Several pertinent technical and clinical issues were highlighted for this new treatment approach. Based on the observations made during this work, a new grading schema was then developed to monitor the angiographic outcomes after flow diversion treatment. Using the angiographic data for patients treated with FD, the new grading schema was demonstrated to be sufficiently sensitive to register gradual aneurysm occlusion and evaluate parent artery patency, with an excellent inter-rater reliability and applicability to various aneurysm morphologies. This work (largest multi-centre series at the time of its publication) informed the interventional neuroradiology community about the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of flow diversion treatment. Additionally, it provided a sensitive and reliable scale to evaluate the angiographic outcomes after flow diversion treatment, in both research and clinical practice.

Introdução: A neoplasia de mama é o tipo mais comum de câncer entre as mulheres. A despeito dos programas de rastreamento, que marcadamente reduziram a mortalidade, devido, principalmente ao diagnóstico precoce, uma significativa parcela de mulheres, apresenta-se com tumores localmente avançados na ocasião do diagnóstico. Nestas situações o tratamento neoadjuvante (TNA) está indicado. Com o advento de novos esquemas medicamentosos e crescentes indicações de TNA, busca-se fatores preditores da resposta tumoral, que a determinem de maneira precoce, precisa, objetiva e reprodutível. Até o momento, não há consenso em como determinar, clinicamente, a resposta da neoplasia ao TNA. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o realce de fundo do tecido fibroglandular (BPE) em exames de RM da mama contralateral a neoplasia e a resposta patológica ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante (TNA), em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 55 pacientes apresentando carcinoma ductal invasivo de mamas foram avaliadas, consecutivamente, entre setembro de 2010 e novembro de 2013. As pacientes selecionadas realizaram RM previamente ao início do tratamento quimioterápico e foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico após término do TNA. O BPE foi aferido através da avaliação qualitativa, de acordo com as categorias preconizadas pela 5° edição do BI-RADS e por método quantitativo, por segmentação automática do tecido fibroglandular da mama contralateral a neoplasia e cálculo do coeficiente de realce do parênquima. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com os achados anatomopatológicos encontrados na peça cirúrgica obtida ao término do TNA: Grupo Resposta Completa: ausência de neoplasia na peça cirúrgica e Grupo Resposta Ausente: presença de neoplasia residual na peça cirúrgica. O BPE destes dois grupos foi então comparado. Resultados: Encontramos diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre os grupos para a variável BPE, quando aferida de maneira qualitativa, sendo que o grupo que obteve resposta patológica completa apresentou maior BPE. A análise do coeficiente do BPE não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,075), porém uma tendência a diferença significativa, com o grupo resposta patológica completa apresentando valores superiores de coeficiente de realce, em concordância com a avaliação qualitativa. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o BPE da mama contralateral à neoplasia pode estar relacionado à resposta patológica após TNA, quando aferido de maneira qualitativa. Maiores valores de coeficiente de BPE também parecem estar associados a maior chance de obter resposta patológica completa. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Despite screening programs, which markedly reduced mortality mainly due to early diagnosis, a significant number of women present with locally advanced tumors at diagnosis. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NAT) is indicated in these situations. The advent of new drug regimens and growing indications of NAT requires biomarkers for assessing and predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant therapy. At presente, there is no consensus to the early assessment of breast cancer response to NAT. Objective: This study investigated the association between Backgroud Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE) of contralateral breast cancer and the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 55 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The selected patients underwent MRI before the start of chemotherapy and underwent surgery after TNA completion. The BPE was determined by qualitative assessment, according to the categories recommended by the 5th edition of BI- RADS, and quantitative method by automatic segmentation of fibroglandular tissue of contralateral breast and calculation of BPE coefficient. The patients were divided into two groups according to pathological findings in surgical specimens obtained at the end of TNA, Group Complete Response: no tumor in the surgical specimen and Group Response Absent: presence of residual tumor in the surgical specimen .The BPE of these two groups were compared. Results: We found a significant difference (p <0.001) between the groups for the BPE variable when measured in a qualitative manner. The complete pathological response group got highest category of BPE. The analysis of the BPE coefficient showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.075), but a tendency to significant differences, with complete pathological response group presenting higher values of BPE coefficient. Conclusions: The results suggest that the BPE of contralateral breast is correlated to the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, when measured in a qualitative manner. Higher values of BPE coefficient appear to be associated with a higher chance of getting complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.

Introdução: A neoplasia de mama é o tipo mais comum de câncer entre as mulheres. A despeito dos programas de rastreamento, que marcadamente reduziram a mortalidade, devido, principalmente ao diagnóstico precoce, uma significativa parcela de mulheres, apresenta-se com tumores localmente avançados na ocasião do diagnóstico. Nestas situações o tratamento neoadjuvante (TNA) está indicado. Com o advento de novos esquemas medicamentosos e crescentes indicações de TNA, busca-se fatores preditores da resposta tumoral, que a determinem de maneira precoce, precisa, objetiva e reprodutível. Até o momento, não há consenso em como determinar, clinicamente, a resposta da neoplasia ao TNA. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre o realce de fundo do tecido fibroglandular (BPE) em exames de RM da mama contralateral a neoplasia e a resposta patológica ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante (TNA), em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 55 pacientes apresentando carcinoma ductal invasivo de mamas foram avaliadas, consecutivamente, entre setembro de 2010 e novembro de 2013. As pacientes selecionadas realizaram RM previamente ao início do tratamento quimioterápico e foram submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico após término do TNA. O BPE foi aferido através da avaliação qualitativa, de acordo com as categorias preconizadas pela 5° edição do BI-RADS e por método quantitativo, por segmentação automática do tecido fibroglandular da mama contralateral a neoplasia e cálculo do coeficiente de realce do parênquima. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com os achados anatomopatológicos encontrados na peça cirúrgica obtida ao término do TNA: Grupo Resposta Completa: ausência de neoplasia na peça cirúrgica e Grupo Resposta Ausente: presença de neoplasia residual na peça cirúrgica. O BPE destes dois grupos foi então comparado. Resultados: Encontramos diferença significativa (p<0,001) entre os grupos para a variável BPE, quando aferida de maneira qualitativa, sendo que o grupo que obteve resposta patológica completa apresentou maior BPE. A análise do coeficiente do BPE não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,075), porém uma tendência a diferença significativa, com o grupo resposta patológica completa apresentando valores superiores de coeficiente de realce, em concordância com a avaliação qualitativa. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o BPE da mama contralateral à neoplasia pode estar relacionado à resposta patológica após TNA, quando aferido de maneira qualitativa. Maiores valores de coeficiente de BPE também parecem estar associados a maior chance de obter resposta patológica completa. / Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Despite screening programs, which markedly reduced mortality mainly due to early diagnosis, a significant number of women present with locally advanced tumors at diagnosis. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NAT) is indicated in these situations. The advent of new drug regimens and growing indications of NAT requires biomarkers for assessing and predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant therapy. At presente, there is no consensus to the early assessment of breast cancer response to NAT. Objective: This study investigated the association between Backgroud Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE) of contralateral breast cancer and the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 55 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The selected patients underwent MRI before the start of chemotherapy and underwent surgery after TNA completion. The BPE was determined by qualitative assessment, according to the categories recommended by the 5th edition of BI- RADS, and quantitative method by automatic segmentation of fibroglandular tissue of contralateral breast and calculation of BPE coefficient. The patients were divided into two groups according to pathological findings in surgical specimens obtained at the end of TNA, Group Complete Response: no tumor in the surgical specimen and Group Response Absent: presence of residual tumor in the surgical specimen .The BPE of these two groups were compared. Results: We found a significant difference (p <0.001) between the groups for the BPE variable when measured in a qualitative manner. The complete pathological response group got highest category of BPE. The analysis of the BPE coefficient showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.075), but a tendency to significant differences, with complete pathological response group presenting higher values of BPE coefficient. Conclusions: The results suggest that the BPE of contralateral breast is correlated to the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, when measured in a qualitative manner. Higher values of BPE coefficient appear to be associated with a higher chance of getting complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.

INTRODUÇÃO: A inflamação desempenha um papel central no desenvolvimento da asma, que é considerada uma doença alérgica com um perfil inflamatório clássico Th2. No entanto, as citocinas de perfil IL-17 tem sido estudadas para melhor compreender sua participação na fisiopatologia desta doença. Pacientes asmáticos graves apresentam exacerbações freqüentes, sendo a causa infecciosa um dos principais desencadeantes e que podem perpetuar as respostas inflamatórias. A resposta Th17 pode estar claramente associada a esses eventos. OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da terapia com anticorpo monoclonal anti-IL-17 nas alterações presentes nos septos alveolares em um modelo experimental de inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica exacerbado por LPS. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 60 camundongos macho da espécie BALB/c, sendo sensibilizados com ovoalbumina intraperitoneal e repetidamente expostos à inalação com ovoalbumina, seguidos por tratamento com ou sem anti-IL-17. Vinte e quatro horas antes do final do protocolo experimental de 29 dias, dois grupos receberam LPS intratraqueal (0,1 mg/ml, sendo os grupos OVA-LPS e OVA-LPS anti-IL-17). Posteriormente, avaliamos o fluido do lavado broncoalveolar (FLBA), por morfometria quantificamos o recrutamento das células apresentadoras de antígenos (FOXP3 e células dendríticas), de eosinófilos, a expressão celular de citocinas próinflamatórias (TNF-alfa, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL13 e IL-17), anti-inflamatórias (IL-10), quimiocina (TARC), além da quantificação de IL-6 por RT-PCR. Avaliamos também elementos da matriz extracelular (fibras colágenas tipo I e III, MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1, TGF-beta, actina, decorina, lumicam, biglicano, fibronectina e integrina), edema dos septos alveolares, resposta das vias de estresse oxidativo através dos marcadores iNOS e 8-iso-PGF2alfa e as vias sinalizadoras NF-kB e Rho quinase, além da avaliação do diâmetro alveolar médio. RESULTADOS: Os animais do grupo OVA-LPS apresentaram uma potencialização de todas as respostas (p < 0,05) comparativamente ao grupo OVA, exceto para: expressão de IL-17, TNF-alfa, NF-kB, TIMP-1 e na fração de volume de fibras colágenas tipo I, decorina, lumicam e actina. No grupo OVA-anti-IL17 houve atenuação de todos os parâmetros quando comparado ao grupo OVA (p < 0,05). Nos animais do modelo de inflamação alérgica crônica exacerbado pelo LPS e tratado com anti-IL-17 (grupo OVA-LPS anti-IL-17) houve diminuição comparativamente ao grupo OVA-LPS dos seguintes parâmetros: número de células totais do lavado broncoalveolar, de células positivas para FOXP3 e células dendríticas, número de CD4+ e CD8+, de células positivas para IL-10 anti-inflamatória e citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNF-alfa, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 e IL-17); quimiocinas (TARC), expressão gênica de IL-6, edema nos septos alveolares; elementos da matriz extracelular (fração de volume de fibras colágenas tipo I e III, actina, decorina, biglicano, lumicam, fibronectina, integrina e expressão de células positivas para TGF-beta, MMP-9, MMP-12 e TIMP-1), da resposta das vias de estresse oxidativo: (células positivas para iNOS e fração de volume de isoprostano PGF-2alfa; da expressão celular de NF-kB, e das proteínas Rho quinase 1 e 2 (p < 0,05). Não houve diferenças no diâmetro alveolar médio entre todos os grupos experimentais. CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados sugerem que a inibição da IL-17 pode ser uma via terapêutica promissora para o tratamento da inflamação alérgica crônica, mesmo durante uma exacerbação e pode contribuir para o controle da inflamação Th1/ Th2/Th17, da expressão de quimiocinas, do remodelamento da matriz extracelular e do estresse oxidativo. As vias sinalizadoras de NF-kB e Rho-quinase estão envolvidas no controle dessas respostas neste modelo de inflamação alérgica crônica exacerbado pelo LPS / INTRODUCTION: Inflammation plays a central role in the development of asthma, which is considered an allergic disease with a classic Th2 inflammatory profile. However, IL-17 profile cytokines have been studied to better understand their involvement in the pathophysiology of this disease. Severe asthmatic patients have frequent exacerbations, the infectious cause being one of the main triggers and that can perpetuate the inflammatory responses. The Th17 response may be clearly associated with these events. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody therapy on alveolar septa in an experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation of asthma exacerbated by LPS. METHODS: Sixty male BALB / c mice were used, being sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin and repeatedly exposed to inhalation with ovalbumin, followed by treatment with or without anti-IL-17. Twenty-four hours before the end of the 29-day experimental protocol, two groups received intratracheal LPS (0.1 mg / ml, OVA-LPS and anti-IL-17 OVA-LPS groups). Afterwards, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), by morphometry we quantified the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells (FOXP3 and dendritic cells), eosinophils, the cellular expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), chemokine (TARC), and quantification of IL6 by RT-PCR. We also evaluated elements of the extracellular matrix (collagen fibers type I and III, MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1, TGF-beta, actin, decorin, lumicam, biglican and fibronectin), alveolar septum edema, oxidative stress through the marker iNOS and 8-iso-PGF2? and the signaling pathways NF-kB and Rho kinase. In addition, we evaluated of the mean alveolar diameter. RESULTS: The animals of the OVA-LPS group presented a potentiation of the all responses compared to OVA (p < 0.05), except for: expression of IL-17, TNFalpha, NF-kB, TIMP-1 and in the volume fraction of type I collagen fibers, decorin, lumicam and actin. Treatment with anti-IL-17 (OVA-anti-IL17 group) attenuated all parameters compared to OVA group (p < 0.05). The animals of the chronic allergic inflammation model exacerbated by LPS and treated with anti-IL-17 (OVA-LPS anti-IL-17 group) had a decreased of the following parameters compared to OVA-LPS: total bronchoalveolar lavage cells number, FOXP3 and dendritic positive cells, CD4 + and CD8 + numbers, of cells positive for IL-10 antiinflammatory, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alfa, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL- 13 and IL-17); chemokine (TARC), genic expression IL6; edema in the alveolar septum; extracellular matrix elements (volume fraction of collagen fibers type I and III, actin, decorin, biglican, lumicam, fibronectin, and expression of TGF-beta, MMP-9, MMP-12 and TIMP-1 positive cells) of the oxidative stress pathways response (iNOS positive cells and isoprostane volume fraction 8-isoPGF-2alfa) NFkB and Rho kinase 1 and 2 positive cells (p < 0.05). There were no differences in mean alveolar diameter among all experimental groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that inhibition of IL-17 may be a promising therapeutic pathway for the treatment of chronic allergic inflammation, even during an exacerbation, and may contribute to the control of Th1 / Th2 / Th17 inflammation, chemokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling and oxidative stress. Signaling pathways of NF-kB and Rho-kinase are involved in the control of these responses in this model of chronic allergic inflammation exacerbated by LPS

Les services de Neurochirurgie du Groupement Hospitalier Est de Lyon ont une expérience reconnue pour l’exérèse des tumeurs des régions périventriculaires du système nerveux central notamment au niveau de la région pinéale. Dans ce contexte neurochirurgical favorable et avec l’opportunité d’utiliser des techniques de biologie moléculaire, notre objectif a été l’identification de marqueurs diagnostiques pour chaque type tumoral par une étude transcriptomique en microarray, la caractérisation d’un sous-type de tumeur du parenchyme pinéal (TPP) pléïomorphe, l’évaluation de la synthèse de mélatonine par les TPP et l’étude du transcriptome de certains organes circumventriculaires (OCV) microdisséqués chez le rat. L’analyse du transcriptome des tumeurs périventriculaires a permis de regrouper les tumeurs par leur signature moléculaire et d’identifier des marqueurs diagnostiques pour chaque type tumoral. De nouveaux marqueurs pronostiques potentiels (HoxD13, Prame, CD24 et Pou4f2 et gènes de la voie Aurora kinase B) sont proposés en vue d’améliorer la classification des TPP. Pour ces dernières, une étude multicentrique a permis de caractériser un sous-type tumoral, les tumeurs pléïomorphes, souvent surgradées. L’étude des TPP ex vivo et in vivo montre leur capacité de synthèse de mélatonine. Toutefois, nous n’avons pu obtenir une lignée de cellules tumorales stable. La microdissection des OCV du rat, parfois vestigiaux chez l’homme et qui pourraient être à l’origine de tumeurs périventriculaires, a permis d’étudier leur transcriptome et de mettre en évidence des marqueurs nouveaux ou déjà associés dans la littérature à ces structures / Neurosurgery of periventricular tumors, especially of pineal region tumors, is well developed at the Neurosurgical Hospital in Lyon. Taking opportunity of this background, our objective was identification of new diagnostic markers for each of these tumors using microarray transcriptome analysis, characterisation of a pleomorphic pineal parenchyma tumor (PPT) subtype, evaluation of melatonin synthesis in PPTs and the microarray analysis of molecular signature of some of circumventricular organs (CVO) after their laser microdissection in rat. The microarray analysis of periventricular tumors allowed molecular classification of the tumours and revealed different diagnostic markers for each type of tumors. Potentially new prognostic candidate genes (HoxD13, Prame, CD24 and Pou4f2 and Aurora kinase B pathway genes) are proposed for improvement of PPT classification. A PPT multicenter study allowed the characterisation of a pleomorphic subtype frequently managed as a higher grade tumour in the literature. The study of PPT ex vivo and in vivo showed their preserved capacity for melatonin production. However a stable PPT cell line culture could not be obtained. The laser microdissection of OCV in rat, sometimes vestigial in humans and potentially at the origin of the periventricular tumors, associated with a microarray study highlighted some potentially new or already described specific markers of these structures

Introdução: A área do músculo peitoral (AMP) é uma avaliação facilmente derivada da tomografia computadorizada do tórax com potencial de fornecer informações relevantes sobre outros músculos esqueléticos. A Disfunção muscular respiratória e periférica é cada vez mais reconhecida em pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI). A sua relação com a capacidade de exercício tem sido controversa. Nosso objetivo foi investigar se AMP está relacionada com a força muscular esquelética respiratória e periférica em pacientes com DPI, e se a função dos músculos esqueléticos estaria reduzida e independentemente relacionada com a capacidade de exercício e dispneia nesses pacientes. Métodos: Estudo transversal onde foi realizado teste de exercício cardiopulmonar incremental em cicloergômetro com mensuração de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax), pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) e contração voluntária máxima (CVM) do quadríceps, antes e após o exercício. Os testes de função pulmonar em repouso e TC de tórax foram obtidos da rotina assistencial dos pacientes. / Background: Pectoralis muscle area (PMA) is an easily derived computed tomography-based assessment that can provide insight into clinical features of other skeletal muscles. Respiratory and locomotor muscle dysfunction has been increasingly recognized in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Its contribution to exercise performance has been controversial. We aimed investigate if PMA is related with respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscle strength in ILD patients, and if skeletal muscle function is compromised and independently related with exercise capacity and dyspnea in these patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study where subjects performed incremental cycling cardiopulmonary exercise testing with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) before and after exercise.