The global aim of this research is to postulate a spatial development paradigm for regional integration in developing countries - more specifically, the research prospects to conceptualize form-based spatial planning theory for Africa. This was considered necessary on two grounds: first, the need for spatial regional integration as panacea for economic growth, and second the resilience of formal planning in the context of a neo-liberal paradigm shift in planning for economic growth. The research in essence strives to reconsider formal planning in an attempt to articulate an appropriate planning paradigm for the delivery of spatial regional integration within spatial systems in developing economies. In view of the foregoing the resilience of form-based planning paradigm informs the research. Hence the research sets out with the null hypothesis that form-based planning attributes are not significantly resilient in the perception of planning initiatives in the African context. The research methodology involved a relevant literature survey vis-à-vis theoretical and analytical frameworks as well as desktop case studies of selected country profiles and planning initiatives and then an empirical case study of integrated development planning (IDP) initiatives in South Africa. Following six sets of analysis, the research established compliance with a neo-liberal planning paradigm in Africa; however, it disproved the null hypothesis. The neo-liberal planning initiatives were found to be unable to deliver integrated development. Thus a change in development ideology to neo-mercantilism is recommended as a strategic move to redirect attention from private profitability to nation-building vis-à-vis spatial integration. Neo-mercantilism is therefore deployed as thinking instrument for a neo-mercantile planning paradigm postulated to deliver spatial regional integration in developing economies. The neo-mercantile planning paradigm which seeks spatio-physical bases of integration adopts integrated planning operationalized with spatial integration plans (SIPs) and thematic integration plans (TIPs) instruments. These instruments are designed to establish spatial integration networks. The networking of the spatial systems requires the grading of infrastructure and the classification of cities. While administrative criteria are used to determine the former, the latter is proposed to be conducted with a “Time-efficient” coefficient, an innovative unit with which “Time-efficient effect” of cities as centres of commerce can be measured. This coefficient contributes to the growth of regional development theories from a spatio-physical perspective. Furthermore, the research contributes a neo-mercantile spatial model for urban region development. The modality of applying the new paradigm in Africa is modelled to integrate the status quo given requisite visionary mind-set and abundant political will. The model adopts the sequence of securing a neo-mercantile planning paradigm, followed by the identification of priority problems, the articulation of a vision statement and then objectives set to achieve spatial regional integration. Present actions were assessed and new action cards proposed, based on priorities for action drawn from priority problems in Africa. The proposed action cards were regrouped into a typology of actions to aid implementation strategies. The strategies made provision for institutional requirements and implementation processes, manpower requirements, financial mechanisms, legal reforms and monitoring measures. The implementation process summarized with a calendar of the action plan for spatial regional integration in Africa. / PhD (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In this study, four real-life problem situations were used to explore the challenges of developing and implementing decision support tools for planning and management within an urban water utility. The study sought to explore how the degree of adoption of formal decision support tools in practice, generally perceived to be low, could be improved. In the study, an Action Research (AR) approach was used. AR is an inquiry process that involves partnership between researchers and practitioners for the purpose of addressing a real-life problem issue, while simultaneously generating scientific knowledge. Unlike other research methods where the researcher seeks to study organizational phenomena but not to change them, the action researcher attempts to create organizational change and simultaneously to study the process. During the study, a number of prototype data management tools were developed. GIS-based spatial analysis and visualisation tools were extensively used to inform and enhance the processes of participatory problem identification and structuring, while a number of modelling tools were applied in the generation and evaluation of alternative solutions. As an outcome of the study, a prototype framework for the application of decision support tools within an urban water supply planning and management context was proposed. The study highlighted the challenges of embedding formal decision support processes within existing work systems in organizations, and recommendations were made on how best to achieve this. The AR approach was found to be useful in bridging the gap between academic research and technological practice, supporting the development of computerised planning and decision support tools of practical benefit to organizations. / QC 20100723

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T14:50:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 olgamariadeoliveira.pdf: 771611 bytes, checksum: 36f8fbaa3d90cdac2f1c9049577e4405 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T04:08:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 olgamariadeoliveira.pdf: 771611 bytes, checksum: 36f8fbaa3d90cdac2f1c9049577e4405 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T04:08:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 olgamariadeoliveira.pdf: 771611 bytes, checksum: 36f8fbaa3d90cdac2f1c9049577e4405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-09 / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar o processo de elaboração e execução do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) em duas escolas da rede estadual da Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Caratinga (MG), destacando o papel do gestor na coordenação desse processo. Numa perspectiva de gestão democrática, o processo de elaboração e execução do PPP possibilita à escola organizar seu processo pedagógico de forma participativa, envolvendo todos os atores do processo educacional, na busca de soluções para os problemas inerentes à gestão pedagógica. Para tanto, buscou-se conhecer, através da percepção dos diversos atores do contexto escolar, como o gestor exerce sua liderança no decorrer desse processo. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizados dois instrumentos da pesquisa qualitativa: a análise documental e a entrevista semiestruturada, articulados com um quadro teórico disponível sobre o tema. Os dados encontrados demonstram que o PPP quando efetivamente elaborado e executado no coletivo, funciona como um acordo entre os diversos atores, o que acaba por repercutir positivamente no contexto escolar; sua implementação permite à escola a formação de uma cultura própria, propiciando aos novos professores que nela ingressam, a percepção de um trabalho de conjunto e de padrões de comportamento desejáveis para a instituição e por fim, liderança do gestor frente a esse processo é de vital importância, considerando a dimensão pedagógica da gestão, bem como a participação da comunidade escolar. Como resultado da pesquisa, apresenta-se o Plano de Ação Educacional de modo a orientar a tomada de decisões referentes à melhoria do processo de elaboração e execução do PPP no âmbito das escolas estaduais da SRE de Caratinga. / This research aims at investigating the process of establishing and implementing the pedagogical Policy Project (PPP) in two schools of the state of the Superintendência Regional de Ensino from Caratinga (MG), highlighting the role of the manager in coordinating this process. From the perspective of democratic management, the process of elaboration and implementation of PPP allows to organize its school pedagogical process in a participatory manner, involving all stakeholders in the educational process in the search for solutions to the problems inherent in educational management. Therefore, we seek to know, through the perception of the various actors in the school context, as the manager exercises his leadership during this process. To develop the research used two instruments of qualitative research: document analysis and semi-structured interview, articulated with a theoretical framework available on the topic. The data show that the PPP when effectively developed and implemented in the collective work as a compromise between the various actors, which ultimately impact positively in the school context; implementation allows the school to the formation of a culture of its own, providing new teachers to enter it, the perception of a work of joint and patterns of behavior desirable for the institution and finally the manager's leadership ahead of this process is of vital importance, considering the pedagogical dimension of management as well as the participation of the school community. As a result of the research, presents the Educational Action Plan in order to guide decision making regarding improvement of the preparation and implementation of PPP within the state schools SRE from Caratinga.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T14:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereiradealmeida.pdf: 1248102 bytes, checksum: 12c102d4c03b4af7c920cd89edf6e6c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-17T20:08:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereiradealmeida.pdf: 1248102 bytes, checksum: 12c102d4c03b4af7c920cd89edf6e6c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T20:08:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deborapereiradealmeida.pdf: 1248102 bytes, checksum: 12c102d4c03b4af7c920cd89edf6e6c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-03 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado abordou o processo de elaboração e revisão do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) em uma escola situada na zona norte da cidade de Manaus, pertencente à rede estadual de educação do Amazonas, tendo como foco a liderança do gestor e a atuação dos professores nesse processo. Os objetivos definidos para este trabalho foram: descrever o contexto de elaboração, desenvolvimento e revisão do PPP na escola X; analisar o lugar que o PPP ocupa na instituição, discutindo em que medida o documento reflete as ações pedagógicas da escola; e propor um Plano de Ação Educacional que se configure como instrumental de apoio ao gestor diante de um processo de reestruturação e ressignificação do PPP. Utilizou-se, para isso, a abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de produção dos dados entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram selecionados três eixos para as análises dos dados: (1) gestão democrática, (2) natureza do PPP e (3) cultura do planejamento participativo na escola. Espera-se que o PAE possa contribuir para formas mais participativas e autorais dos professores na revisão do PPP. / This thesis its was developed in the Professional Master in Management and Education Assessment (PPGP) of the Public Policy Center of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case of management studied discuss approach the process of drafting and revision of the Pedagogic Political Project (PPP) was developed in a school in the north of the city of Manaus, belonging to the State Network of Amazonas Education, focusing on the school principal‘s leadership and the role of teachers regarding this process. The goals set for this study were: to describe the context in the preparation, development and review of the PPP in the school X; analyze the place that PPP takes up in the school X, to discuss especially in relation to the performance of management and work of teachers, checking to what extent the document reflects the school's pedagogical actions and propose an Educational Action Plan that is set in an instrumental support to the school‘s principal facing a restructuring process and reframing the PPP. We used a qualitative approach with instruments of production data semi structured interviews. Three analysis axes were elected: (1) democratic management, (2) nature of the PPP and (3) culture of participatory planning at school. It is expected that the PAE may contribute to more participatory and copyright forms of teachers in PPP review.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-18T17:19:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 edinilsonmatoscavalcante.pdf: 684880 bytes, checksum: a4aadd50e46d0fa70780e6746f20f978 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-19T14:33:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 edinilsonmatoscavalcante.pdf: 684880 bytes, checksum: a4aadd50e46d0fa70780e6746f20f978 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T14:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 edinilsonmatoscavalcante.pdf: 684880 bytes, checksum: a4aadd50e46d0fa70780e6746f20f978 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). O caso de gestão a ser estudado discutiu o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) como instrumento de mudança organizacional em uma Escola Estadual do município de Coari, no estado do Amazonas, tentando responder ao questionamento de como as ações gestoras de uma escola da cidade mencionada podem suscitar discussões acerca do processo de elaboração e revisão do PPP de forma colaborativa, tendo como foco a construção de um instrumento de mudança organizacional. O objetivo definido para este estudo é investigar como o Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola estudada tem se refletido nas ações da gestão pedagógica e de sua estrutura organizacional. Para dar conta de atender ao objetivo explicitado, propomos também três objetivos específicos, a saber: descrever o contexto de implantação do PPP na escola estudada, tendo em vista a participação dos atores envolvidos neste processo; analisar de que maneira foi realizada a organização do trabalho posterior à implantação do PPP da escola estudada e sua relação com o planejamento da gestão escolar; e propor um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) que se configure como um instrumental de apoio da escola para pensar o PPP como um recurso democrático de integração e participação da comunidade escolar. Assumimos como hipótese que as propostas pedagógicas elencadas no PPP não estão sendo utilizadas nas organizações dos trabalhos administrativos nem no planejamento das aulas, tendo em vista que não foram discutidas de maneira democrática e, como consequência não teria sido trabalhada pelos professores, pais e alunos. Para tanto, utilizamos como metodologia de pesquisa o estudo de caso e entrevistas semiestruturadas, de forma que possibilitem compreender de que maneira o PPP serviu como instrumento de organização escolar. / This dissertation is developed under the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Public Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Evaluation of Education of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). The management case to be studied will discuss the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) as an instrument of organizational change in a State School in the municipality of Coari, in the state of Amazonas, trying to answer the question of how the management actions of a school in the city mentioned can raise discussions about the process of elaboration and revision of the PPP in a collaborative way, focusing on the construction of an instrument of organizational change. The objective defined for this study and to investigate how the Pedagogical Political Project of the studied school has reflected in its actions of pedagogical management and organizational structure. In order to handle this objective, three specific objectives were proposed: to describe the implementation context for the PPP in the aforementioned school, observing the participation of the actors involved in the process; to analyze how the work organization was constructed after the implementation of the PPP and its relation with the school management planning; and to propose an Educational Action Plan (EAP) which works as a democratic resource of integration and participation in the school community. Our hypothesis is that the pedagogical propositions in the PPP are not being used in the organization of the work or the class planning, seeing as they were not democratically discussed and consequently not handled by the teachers, parents and students. In order to do this, our research methodology will be the case study and the semistructured interviews, in a way that might help understand how the PPP worked as a school organization tool.

Orientador: Regina Célia de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ValescaCamargosdos_M.pdf: 9188892 bytes, checksum: 98bb17679b7aac2184a950f877d2b204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A configuração morfológica do litoral brasileiro sofreu influência dos processos de transgressão e regressão marinhas. As ações naturais e antrópicas transformam constantemente a linha de costa, podendo-se citar os ventos e marés como processos naturais, e o uso e ocupação do solo como feitos antrópicos. O litoral brasileiro possui diversos ecossistemas que se adaptaram às suas condições geológico-geomorfológicas e, da mesma forma, o litoral do Estado de São Paulo, que apresenta uma grande diversidade ambiental. No sul do litoral paulista se encontra o Complexo Estuarino-lagunar de Iguape, Cananéia e Paranaguá, que é uma área rica são somente em biodiversidade como também em cultura tradicional indígena e não-indígena. A Mata Atlântica e seus ecossistemas associados abrigam inúmeras espécies animais e vegetais e também núcleos de caiçaras, com destaque para Ilha Comprida. Essa ilha, que data da época holocênica, passa por um processo de transformação ambiental que é verificado na evolução rápida da sua linha de costa e nos ambientes que vão se adaptando a isso. Os manguezais acabam por absorver essas alterações e, com eles, as comunidades humanas que aí se encontram. Ilha Comprida foi inserida em uma APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental) na década de 1980 para proteger seus ecossistemas e a sua população caiçara, que vê o seu modo de vida alterado em função desses processos naturais e antrópicos por que passa o município. Diante dessa situação, esta pesquisa se propôs a verificar como o núcleo de Pedrinhas, escolhido por que abriga a maior população caiçara de Ilha Comprida, vem sendo influenciado por essas transformações ambientais. Para tal, foi adotada a metodologia desenvolvida por Salvador Carpi Jr. denominada Mapeamento Ambiental Participativo, que estabelece que sejam realizadas algumas atividades com os moradores locais para, posteriormente, ser produzido um material cartográfico que contemple as informações fornecidas em reuniões públicas. Esse material poderá ser utilizado por órgãos públicos e privados e fornecer subsídios para a organização de políticas públicas que considerem as características físicas, biológicas e humanas de Ilha Comprida, incluindo aí o modo de vida tradicional caiçara / Abstract: The morphological configuration of the Brazilian coast influenced the processes of marine transgression and regression. Shares natural and anthropogenic constantly transform the shoreline and may be cited as the winds and tides natural processes, and the use and occupation of land made as anthropogenic. The Brazilian coastline has diverse ecosystems that have adapted to their geological and geomorphological conditions and, similarly, the coast of the state of São Paulo, which has a great environmental diversity. In southern coast of São Paulo is the Estuarine Complex-lagoon Iguape, Cananéia and Paranaguá, which is an area rich in biodiversity are only in culture but also traditional indigenous and non-indigenous. The Atlantic Forest and associated ecosystems are home to several plant and animal species and also caiçaras cores, particularly Ilha Comprida. This island, which dates from the Holocene epoch, undergoes a process of environmental transformation that seen in the rapid evolution of its coastline and in environments ranging adapting to it. Mangroves eventually absorb these changes and, with them, the human communities found there. Ilha Comprida was included in an APA (Environmental Protection Area) in the 1980s to protect its ecosystems and its population caiçara who sees their way of life changed in response to these natural and anthropogenic processes experienced by the municipality. Given this situation, this research sought to establish as the core of Pedrinhas, chosen by housing the largest population caiçara of Ilha Comprida, has been influenced by these environmental changes. To this end, we adopted the methodology developed by Salvador Carpi Jr. called Participatory Environmental Mapping, which states that some activities are carried out with local residents to be subsequently produced a cartographic material comprising the information provided at public meetings. This material could be used by public and private agencies and provide support for the organization of public policies that consider the physical, biological and human of Ilha Comprida, including where the caiçara traditional way of life / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestra em Geografia

Synen på skogens värden har förändrats från att mestadels beröra de konkretavaror som skogen bidrar med till att innefatta mer abstrakta värden. Skogarna blirviktigare ur fler aspekter och förvaltningen av den försvåras genom att den kanses om en privat, kollektiv och gemensam resurs. Syftet var att beskriva denskogliga förvaltarens roll i att samordna olika intressenters önskemål vidskogsvårdsåtgärder i tätortsnära skog. Fem skogsförvaltare från fyra slumpmässigtutvalda organisationer i Skåne intervjuades. För att öka eller bibehålla rekreationsvärden bör skötseln inrikta sig på att göraskogen tillgänglig, öppen och ljus samt att skapa variation. Inför åtgärdenanvändes deltagande planering i form av informationsblad som sattes upp kringavverkningsplatsen. Detta bidrog förmodligen till att få konflikter ellermotsättningar förekom i tätortsnära skogar. Brukandet bör ske med ett annat fokusän vid konventionellt skogsbruk för att gynna de sociala värdena och enförebyggande dialog bör hållas med intressenterna.

This thesis examines the relationship between the forestry industry and indigenous Sámi peoplein northern Sweden, focusing on institutional mechanisms for resolving land-use conflictsregarding forest logging on reindeer herding lands. Sámi reindeer herding communities andforestry companies have overlapping usage rights, making Swedish forests a common poolresource. Clear-cut forestry is damaging the reindeers’ access to lichen and the long-termsurvival of traditional reindeer herding, creating a need for effective Sámi influence in localforest decision-making. This study analyzes the recently reformed institutional framework forparticipatory planning and consultations, as well as participants’ experiences of Sámi influence.Interviews were conducted with three Sámi RHCs, two Sveaskog employees and one ForestAgency official. The theoretical framework draws from literature on co-management, commonpool resources and free, prior and informed consent to analyze Sámi space for influence. Resultsshow that the changes in regulations and practices have enabled RHCs space to withdrawconsent to specific logging plans under specific conditions, but influence is still limited. TheForest Agency has not consulted RHCs despite the new law, indicating continued difficultiesfor Sámi people to influence logging decisions on a local level. The main contribution of thisstudy is showcasing remaining barriers and positive developments based on original empiricalinterview material.

Urban areas worldwide, including Stockholm, face increasing environmental challenges such as rising temperatures and heatwaves exacerbated by climate change and urban heat island effects. In response, nature-based solutions (NBS) have been proposed as a planning tool for enhancing urban resilience. However, evidence on the fine-scale effectiveness of NBS in addressing extreme events, such as heatwaves remains limited. Furthermore, the inclusion of subjective measures to enrich objective measures for increased NBS benefits and thermal comfort assessments is needed. This study investigates the cooling effectiveness of NBS, hence strengthening the resilience of the Stockholm Royal Seaport against heatwaves. Mental mapping interviews were used to explore residents' and expert advisors' perceptions of the cooling effects of NBS. Key findings reveal the significant cooling effects of large natural areas such as parks and waterbodies, notably the Royal National City Park. However, smaller NBSs, while contributing to the green aesthetic and climate regulation of the neighborhood, were not perceived by residents as cooling. The study emphasizes the importance of the proximity and size of NBS to residential areas and highlights the subjective nature of neighborhood boundaries that influence residents' perceptions of NBS cooling effects. A comparison of residents’ and advisors’ perceptions reveals differences between theoretical expert and experience-based knowledge. These differences highlight the need for participatory planning processes that have the potential to complement advisor knowledge with resident perception and contribute to user-based planning. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the role of NBS in urban resilience, advocates for participatory approaches to urban planning, and demonstrates the value of mental mapping in capturing nuanced community perspectives for future planning efforts by revealing experiential knowledge that may remain hidden in a dialogue.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lodovico Sidonio Passo.pdf: 2448644 bytes, checksum: 8bc15bf2832ebd9592e059a5ffe1f9c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The work studied and seeks to articulate the dynamics of the local management in Mozambique, based on the subject of Local Economic Development (LED), emphasizing the active role of the territory, decentralization and micro finance in the development process. The actions of the development can be characterized as the local development when they generate or strengthen systemic dynamics in the local scale (KLEIN: 1997 & 2003). In the LED converge theories and models that have different origins and that raise diverse methods, in definitive opposing cases. What acts as unifying element in the field of the local economic development are the questions in the origins, the actors, the modalities and the objectives of the actions of development. In order to talk about the local economic development, the actions of the development must be carried through by local actors. Thus, the work examines the general problems of development in Mozambique and suggests a landscaping examination of institutional and administrative method probably to facilitate or assist in defining policies and methodologies for the economic and social development through the participation of local communities and decentralized activities. To achieve its goals, the actions of the local in the economic development must characterize the local actors to play an active role in the development of its communities that can develop initiatives and projects thus, so that endogenous and exogenous resources are mobilized to benefit the local collectivity / O trabalho estuda e procura sistematizar as dinâmicas da gestão local em Moçambique, com base na temática do Desenvolvimento Econômico Local (DEL), sublinhando o papel ativo do território, da descentralização e das micro finanças no processo de desenvolvimento. As ações do desenvolvimento podem ser caracterizadas como o desenvolvimento local quando geram ou reforçam dinâmicas sistémicas na escala local (KLEIN: 1997 & 2003). No desenvolvimento econômico local convergem teorias e modelos que têm diferentes origens e que levantam métodos diversos, em determinados casos opostos. O que atua como elemento unificador no campo do desenvolvimento econômico local são os questionamentos nas origens, nos atores, nas modalidades e nos objetivos das ações do desenvolvimento. Para que se possa falar do desenvolvimento econômico local, as ações do desenvolvimento devem ser realizadas por atores locais. Assim, o trabalho analisa os problemas gerais de desenvolvimento em Moçambique e sugere um método de exame de arranjos institucionais e administrativos que provavelmente facilitará ou ajudará na definição de políticas e metodologias para o desenvolvimento econômico e social através da participação das comunidades locais e das atividades descentralizadas. Para atingir seus objetivos, as ações do local no desenvolvimento econômico devem qualificar os atores locais a fim de que estes possam jogar um papel ativo no desenvolvimento de suas comunidades, que possam desenvolver iniciativas e projetos de maneira que se mobilizem recursos endógenos e exógenos para o benefício da coletividade local