As a measure to deal with Covid-19, the Swedish Armed Forces built field hospitals inStockholm and Gothenburg, in order to accommodate several patients, as the Stockholm regionand the Västra Götaland region feared that the pandemic would overload the intensive care unitin particular. Field hospitals were criticized for poor coverage and dimensioning of the variouscare facilities as well as poor ventilation.The aim of the study is to limit the spread of infection in the intensive care unit at field hospitalsand hospitals. The ventilation systems are studied and investigated the possibility ofsupplementing the system with cost-effective equipment, such as air purifiers. The two questionsare how do the number of air turnovers per hour affect the air quality in the room and how is theparticle concentration in a care room affected by the placement of independent air purification.The study is based on several particle measurements and a smoke test.Particle measurements were performed sequentially, to create a level playing field before eachmeasurement. In addition, three different placements were presented on standalone airpurification and a smoke test was performed to visualize the movement of the air. The resultsshow that with the help of the air purifier, particle reduction can increase to 50% already at 5air turnovers per hour (ACH). The most effective air turnover is considered to be ACH, as thisreduces the particle content of a room with a patient to as low levels as if ther was not a patientin the room.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate four different measuring methods as potentialquality control tests for Tungsten Carbide (WC) raw material used in the hard metalmanufacturing at Seco Tools Fagersta. This was warranted as the current quality testcalled the HcK test, is very time consuming and the results provided that are used formilling time calculations cannot be relied on. The four measuring methods chosen wasLaser diffraction, X-Ray diffraction, Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis and Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer measurement. These measuring techniques were chosen by Seco ToolsThe project followed the general structure of the project cycle modified to fit the projectand involving the steps project planning, present state analysis, goals and requirementdetermination, evaluation elimination of options and final of choice of option. Thealternative methods were evaluated using an evaluation matrix containing therequirements determined to be the most relevant for the quality control process. Therequirements were measurement precision, operator influence, ease of use, time requiredand operator time required. The ability of the measurement method to distinguishbetween all of the different WC powders used a Seco Tools was put as a must requirementas the new method is meant to serve as a verification test as well as a quality test.The analysis methods were evaluated practically through experiments and therefore atesting strategy was established. Initial test on two powder types was performed so thatan early evaluation could be done. During this stage both the Laser diffraction and the XRaydiffraction were eliminated due to poor results. The BET analysis and the Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer performed better and was therefore tested further. Randomized testing wasthe method chosen when testing with all powders to minimize the environmental impacton the testing as this could affect the results of the study.The testing showed that only the Fisher SSS was able to distinguish between all thedifferent powders making it the only viable option as a new quality test. This was onlypossible when measuring on agglomerated material and the values extracted couldtherefore not be used further in the production. The Fisher SSS also performed the bestwhen ranked against the rest of the requirements, showing a high precision whenmeasuring on deagglomerated material and a combination of the two tests was thereforeconsidered.When compared to the HcK test the Fisher SSS showed a significant reduction in lead timebut also a reduction in information gathered and eventual defects controlled. The FisherSSS provides only an average particle size measurement and since no correlation has yetbeen established between the measured particle size and the required milling times it wasrecommended that the HcK test remains.It was recommended that a study is started aimed at establishing a correlation betweenthe measured particle size and the required milling time is started to investigate if this ispossible.

This master thesis deals with problematics of fine particles produced during combustion in fireplace stoves. The theoretical part is focused on the analysis of the atmosphere, health consequences, solid pollutants, the formation of particles (origin), particle separation and how they are regulated by laws. Theoretical section of the thesis addresses analysis of biomass and its combustion. In the applied section are listed given methods of the particles measuring according to regulations, common errors during measurement and methods of identification of measured fine particles. Then follow specific measurements of the formed very fine particles produced by the SMPS method. Subsequently, the results of the measurement are evaluated and summarized in the conclusion.