Summary. A set-off as a ground for discharge of obligations and its application in court practice. The law of set–off provides another example of haw our modern legal thinking is still unconsciously dominated by Roman law. Both in modern and in Roman law are the rules relating to compensatio or set-off – from purely dogmatic point of view probably the most interesting manner of terminating an obligation. The law of set-off is based on tradition reaching back to Roman law. Nowadays, it should be noted that set-off is very considerable practical significance, on both a national and international level, it covers an enormous range of situations. The law of set-off is used in private and in public law too. Though, the law of set-off is used in many cases, but set-off has not traditionally been a topic to which a large amount of scholarly attention has been devoted. Because of this vacancy we decided to write this topic - A set-off as a ground for discharge of obligations and its application in court practice. Purpose of this topic was: • Determinate the background institution of set-off; • Discuss the articles 6.130 – 6.140 of our civil code; • Determinate how the law of set-off is used in our courts practice. • Discuss problematical aspects the institution of set-off; • Show different regimes concerning the effect of set-off. The law of the set-off was regulated in 1964 civil code, but this regulation was incomplete. Our new civil code became operative in 2001. This civil code... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary. A set-off as a ground for discharge of obligations and its application in court practice. The law of set–off provides another example of haw our modern legal thinking is still unconsciously dominated by Roman law. Both in modern and in Roman law are the rules relating to compensatio or set-off – from purely dogmatic point of view probably the most interesting manner of terminating an obligation. The law of set-off is based on tradition reaching back to Roman law. Nowadays, it should be noted that set-off is very considerable practical significance, on both a national and international level, it covers an enormous range of situations. The law of set-off is used in private and in public law too. Though, the law of set-off is used in many cases, but set-off has not traditionally been a topic to which a large amount of scholarly attention has been devoted. Because of this vacancy we decided to write this topic - A set-off as a ground for discharge of obligations and its application in court practice. Purpose of this topic was: • Determinate the background institution of set-off; • Discuss the articles 6.130 – 6.140 of our civil code; • Determinate how the law of set-off is used in our courts practice. • Discuss problematical aspects the institution of set-off; • Show different regimes concerning the effect of set-off. The law of the set-off was regulated in 1964 civil code, but this regulation was incomplete. Our new civil code became operative in 2001. This civil code... [to full text]

Pirmojoje magistrinio darbo dalyje „Darbo santykio pradžia“ pateikiamas darbo santykio apibrėžimas siaurąja prasme, taip pat aptariama darbo santykio teisinė ir socialinė reikšmė. Susiklosčiusio visuomeninio santykio kvalifikavimas kaip teisinio darbo santykio lemia tai, kad šalys yra siejamos darbo teisių ir pareigų, joms galioja darbo bei socialinės teisės nustatytos garantijos. Taip pat skyriuje nagrinėjama darbo sutartis, kaip darbo santykio atsiradimo pagrindas, jos sudarymas, atribojimo nuo civilinių sutarčių kriterijai, bei darbo santykio atsiradimo momentas. Šioje dalyje analizuojami du darbo sutarties formai keliami reikalavimai – darbo sutarties raštiškas sutarties įforminimas ir pavyzdinės formos laikymasis. Antrojoje darbo dalyje „Darbo santykio pabaiga“ teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektais analizuojami darbo sutarties pasibaigimo pagrindai, tarp kurių aptariamas ir naujas, 2011 m. kovo 1 d. įsigaliojęs darbo sutarties pasibaigimo pagrindas, kai darbdavio (kai darbdavys yra fizinis asmuo) ar darbdavio atstovų buvimo vietos nustatyti neįmanoma. Nagrinėjama darbo sutarties pasibaigimo įforminimo šiuo pagrindu tvarka, atskleidžiami jos teisinio reglamentavimo pagrindiniai trūkumai. Iškeliama esminė darbo santykių pasibaigimo šiuo pagrindu problema – likę nepatenkinti darbuotojų reikalavimai, susiję su darbo santykiais. Pateikiamas pasiūlymas, kaip valstybė turėtų spręsti šią problemą, užtikrindama konstitucinės asmenų teisės gauti teisingą apmokėjimą už darbą gynybą. / In the first chapter „The Beginning of an Employment Relationship“ of Master thesis the definition of employment relationship in its narrow sense is given and also the legal and social importance of employment relationship is considered. Qualifying a relationship as a legal employment relationship determines whether its parties gain access to the rights and benefits associated with employment in the areas of labour law and social security. Also the contract of employment as the basis of employment relationship, and the moment of which it comes to existence are examined in the chapter. In the second chapter „The End of an Employment Relationship“ the legal basis of termination of employment contract, including a new base „expiry of employment contract when the location of employer (when employer is a natural person) or representatives of employer is impossible to determine“ which came into effect on the 1st of March 2011, are analysed in both theoretical and practical aspects. The procedure of the expiry of employment contract on this base is examined and major shortcomings of legal regulation are revealed. The main problem of the employment contract expiry on this base – the remaining unsatisfied monetary liabilities to employees, is brought to attention. Also the proposal is given on how the state should solve this problem and ensure the proper defence of the constitutional rights of individuals to receive a fair pay for work.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjamas dar senovės Romos teisėje suformuotas vienas iš nuosavybės teisės įgijimo pagrindų – įgyjamosios senaties institutas, jo taikymo sąlygos. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti įgyjamosios senaties instituto taikymo sąlygų, t.y. sąžiningai atsiradusio bei sąžiningo, teisėto, atviro bei nepertraukiamo valdymo bei daikto valdymo kaip savo, turinį, apibendrinti Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktiką. Darbe analizuojama daikto valdymo kaip faktinės būsenos ir kaip savarankiškos daiktinės teisės samprata, jų atsiradimo ir pasibaigimo momentų ir pagrindų santykis. Didelis dėmesys yra skiriamas teismų praktikoje kilusioms įgyjamosios senaties instituto taikymo problemoms, pateikiami jų pavyzdžiai ir galimi sprendimo būdai. / This study is devoted to the analysis of the acquisitive prescription (its conditions) as the foundation of the acquisition of ownership. Acquisitive prescription derives from Roman law. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the subject-matter of conditions of the acquisitive prescription – the acquisition of the thing in good faith, the possession of it in good faith, legitimately, openly, continuously as its own, to summarize the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania. The fact of possession itself, also the possession as an independent right in rem, the relation of the acquisition and the termination moments and grounds are also analyzed. The extensive attention is given to problems araised from the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, the examples of such problems and its possible solutions also are given.