Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Kunskap om vårdmiljöns betydelse för patienten och dennes delaktighet i utformningen av miljön främjar välbefinnande hos patienten. I en personcentrerad omvårdnad är miljö en viktig komponent i människans läkeprocess. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva upplevelsen av den fysiska och psykosociala vårdmiljön för kvinnor som opererades på dagkirurgisk avdelning på grund av bröstcancer från inskrivning till omedelbart innan sedering. Metoden var en kvalitativ, semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Strategiskt urval användes för att rekrytera informanter och åtta personer deltog. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes för att utföra analys på intervjumaterialet. Studiens resultat visade att informanterna hade en positiv upplevelse av vårdmiljön på avdelningen. Beskrivningar av upplevelsen av den fysiska vårdmiljön på avdelningen varierade men var generellt positiv. Ren och trevlig miljö var betydelsefullt för informanternas upplevelse. En hemlik känsla upplevdes. Eget rum uppskattades högt av informanterna vilket förknippades med integritet. Det förekom dock upplevelser av brister i hur integriteten bevaras på grund av vårdmiljöns utformning, i synnerhet i det gemensamma väntrummet. Informanterna upplevde professionalism och kompetens hos personalen vilket skapade en känsla av trygghet och förtroende. Personalens goda arbetssätt och bemötande skapade en känsla av harmoni och trygghet vilket upplevdes som lugnande. Slutsatsen är att vårdmiljön på avdelningen påverkade informanternas upplevelse generellt positivt. Även om upplevelsen av den fysiska miljön på avdelningen inte beskrevs vara optimal vägde upplevelsen av den psykosociala vårdmiljön och det goda bemötandet upp informanternas helhetsupplevelse. / Knowledge about the importance of nursing environment and patients’ participation in its design promote patients’ well-being. In person centred care, environment is an important component of the human healing process. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of the physical and psychosocial nursing environment in women who underwent day surgery due to breast cancer from registration to immediately before sedation. The method used was qualitative semi structured interview study. Strategic selection was used to recruit informants where eight patients participated. Qualitative content analysis was chosen to analyse the data. The results showed that the informants had a positive experience of the nursing environment at the department. Described experiences in the physical nursing environment varied but were generally positive. Clean and friendly environment was important for the informants’ experience. A “just like home” experience was described. Having a private room was highly appreciated by the informants, which they associated with experienced integrity. However, there were experiences of deficiencies in how integrity was preserved in the common waiting room due to its design. Experienced professionalism and skills in the nursing staff resulted in a sense of security and trust. The nursing staff’s good working methods and patient treatment created a sense of harmony and security that was experienced as calming. In conclusion, the department’s nursing environment affected the informants' experience generally positive. Although the experience of the physical nursing environment was described as not optimal, experience of the psychosocial nursing environment and good patient treatment outweighed the informants' overall experience.

Introduction. Every year, millions of people are undergoing operation in Sweden. Many patients feel worry, anxiety and fear about this. Preoperative information is of great importance and the way it is communicated. Aim: To illuminate how patients who have undergone surgery experienced the communication and treatment from healthcare professionals and how it affected their wellbeing before an operation. Method: A general literature review based on 9 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. PubMed and CINAHL were the databases used in the literature search. The articles have been quality reviewed and were published between 2003-2020. Result: Patients appreciated when healthcare professionals communicated information that was tailored to their information needs and given in a way that the patient could understand, which reduced their concerns. The best method was individual for each patient. The fact that patients felt seen as individuals had a major impact on their preoperative anxiety. Negative experiences that were highlighted in the studies were when the healthcare professionals didn't have time to talk or when they ignored the patients, which created worry and unnecessary anxiety. Conclusion: Patients appreciate a person-centered treatment where the healthcare professionals looks after and meets the needs of the unique person. By providing good preoperative information with a good treatment and good communication, symptoms such as worry, anxiety and fear can be reduced, and increased well-being created.Keywords: Patient, treatment, communication, nurse, preoperative

Drop out for clients with addiction has an adverse effect on their abstinence - the probability of relapse is very high (Kalina, 2003). By contrast, treatment completion is associated with abstinence, lower criminal activity, fewer relapses and a higher employment rate (Brorson et al., 2013). For effective addiction treatment is crucial to minimize the number of drop outs. Risk factors appear not only on the client side, but also on the side of the service. The study focused on clients who planned to drop out, but at last they decided to stay. Anamnestic data and interviews with clients helped to identify common client traits and answer the questions about the client thinking process during the crisis, what they emphasize, how they evaluate their decision not to drop out and what motivational influences they identify. Frequent common traits of clients who overcame drop out tendencies were a higher age (90 %), criminal record (74 %), contact with psychiatry (84 %) and repeated addiction treatment (74 %). Interpersonal conflicts with staff and clients (50 %) and craving (22 %) were the most frequent reasons to drop out. Nearly 2/3 of clients appreciated the improved mental and physical health. The support from the others was the main reason for retention in treatment (31 % from relatives, 26 % from...

Sociální prostředí jako rizikový faktor pro kurzovém sázení u sportovců léčících se v ambulanci pro gamblery zaměřuje na tři životní období klientů Poradny pro nelátkové závislosti Prevent. Obecně je problematika hazardního hraní v ČR velice aktuální téma. S regulací heren a novou ČR vystupuje do popředí problematika kurzového sázení. V 14 došlo k nárůstu podílu populace, která má zkušenosti s hazardní hrou. Nejvyšší nárůst (Mravčík et al., 2018) Cílem této práce je zmapovat a popsat sociální faktory, které měli přímý vliv na vznik a rozvoj závislosti na kurzovém sázení u sportovců léčících se v ambulantní léčbě. Práce se zaměřuje na tři životní období respondentů. Prvním zkoumaným životním obdobím období počátků sázení a první zkušenosti s hazardem, druhým životním obdobím je přechod z ní do závislosti a třetí ži respondenti rozhodli jít léčit. U všech třech etap života respondentů jsou mapovány a popsány veškeré sociální vlivy a interakce s Práce je založena na metodě kvalitativního výzkumu a vychází z zakotvené teorie a otevřeného kódování. Pro sběr dat byl použit polostrukturovaný rozhovor, který umožnil flexibilitu při samotné formulaci otázek a jejím případném doplnění dalšími otázkami a tím přesnějším získáním potřebných dat. Výzkumu se zúčastnilo celkem šest respondentů, kteří v té době byli...

The motivation for this study is the increase of treatment needs of heroin dependents at SANCA, (South African National Council of Alcohol and Drug Abuse) Witbank. SANCA Witbank wants to ensure that the most effective treatment can be supplied. Research goals are to:  Do a literature study of out-patient treatment programmes.  Assess the needs of heroin out-patient dependents with regard to out-patient treatment programmes.  Make recommendations with regard to out-patient treatment programmes for heroin dependents. It was an exploratory research subject and the data collection methods were qualitative and quantitative. Interview schedules were used as research tools. Schedule B was completed by the researcher with heroin dependents that visited SANCA Witbank for the period 31 January 2005 to 4 February 2005. Schedule A was completed by the researcher with personnel of SANCA out-patient clinics and the questions were discussed and completed telephonically. The conclusion is that the treatment programme of SANCA Witbank is in line with the rest of the drug dependent field and only minimal recommendations were made. / Social Work / MA(SS)(MENTAL HEALTH)

The motivation for this study is the increase of treatment needs of heroin dependents at SANCA, (South African National Council of Alcohol and Drug Abuse) Witbank. SANCA Witbank wants to ensure that the most effective treatment can be supplied. Research goals are to:  Do a literature study of out-patient treatment programmes.  Assess the needs of heroin out-patient dependents with regard to out-patient treatment programmes.  Make recommendations with regard to out-patient treatment programmes for heroin dependents. It was an exploratory research subject and the data collection methods were qualitative and quantitative. Interview schedules were used as research tools. Schedule B was completed by the researcher with heroin dependents that visited SANCA Witbank for the period 31 January 2005 to 4 February 2005. Schedule A was completed by the researcher with personnel of SANCA out-patient clinics and the questions were discussed and completed telephonically. The conclusion is that the treatment programme of SANCA Witbank is in line with the rest of the drug dependent field and only minimal recommendations were made. / Social Work / MA(SS)(MENTAL HEALTH)

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The outcome of child abuse, i.e. physical, emotional and/or sexual, and child neglect is multifactorial. The severity, duration and nature of abuse and the child’s vulnerabilities are all contributory factors with regards the outcome of abuse. Children who are traumatized are likely to be profoundly affected. Studies have shown and nearly every researcher agrees that early childhood traumas lie at the root of many emotional and psychological illnesses. It has been noted that drug abuse is a major problem in the Western Cape. This thesis explored the relationship between subjectively perceived childhood trauma and drug dependence in an in-patient treatment-seeking sample of adults in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area in the Western Cape. This thesis presents the results of a measure of childhood trauma, namely the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ] and a measure of drug dependence, the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test [DUDIT]. The sample consisted of 52 participants and included both males and females. Only participants who were identified as drug dependent were included in the study. Patients who were actively psychotic and/or alcohol dependent were not included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of the Western Cape’s higher degree ethical committee. The anonymity of the participants, the importance of responding openly and honestly and the sensitive nature of the questions were highlighted during the test administration. Questionnaires were administered in accordance with the guidelines stipulated in the respective manuals. The data was analysed through correlation. The study found a positive correlation between childhood emotional abuse and drug dependence, and childhood physical abuse and drug dependence.