Psychological traumas surface in Paula Vogel’s portrayal of Li’l Bit and Uncle Peck in How I Learned to Drive (1997). Theorizing Peck’s fixation on Li’l Bit is necessitated by his drive to recapture his innocence—an innocence he lost as a young man during WWII—this thesis will seek to explain how Drive can be viewed as a love story by revealing the motivations behind Li’l Bit’s sympathy for Uncle Peck. Recognizing war trauma as the fundamental catalyst for both the action and the tone of the play situates Drive in a territory not yet explored. Furthermore, this thesis will explore the dubious relationship between war-traumatized veterans and pedophilic tendencies by examining this theme in other literature, particularly, J.D. Salinger’s “For Esmé—with Love and Squalor” (1950) and Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1955), thus, placing Drive at the nexus in which American drama and war literature coalesce.

Studies exploring the first wave of digital performance foregrounded technology by cataloging experimentation and novel interactions between liveness, projections and code. As exercises in medium, these high tech spectacles demonstrate the aesthetic potential of digital media while introducing key media concepts. Jennifer Haley is a writer with one foot in theatre and one in code. She is uniquely positioned in two interdependent spheres, which makes her particularly suited to engineer a theatrical bridge into the virtual, because at the heart of the contemporary technological revolution is a new level of writing and media literacy. Theatre has been effectively accessing the virtual imagination for millennia, and new technologies create new intricacies for engaging the virtual within theatrical space. Each is a medium defined by action, which host other media, and provide in depth simulations. Haley’s plays push beyond the fascination and spectacle of technology to incorporate the mundane reality of the digital into the structure of her work. Haley writes plays specifically to resonate with the similarities she sees between theatre and virtual worlds. Utilizing techniques and tropes from other media and then framing the narrative from within a theatrical world Haley exploits the essence of an active, critical audience and opens a dialog between virtual worlds and the perceptions of the audience. She treats her media generated worlds as places. Other digital theatre plays may peer through a window into the virtual by dramatizing a conversation through media; Haley sends an expedition over the threshold into another world. A flesh version of an avatar breathing before the audience establishes a material existence unattainable in two dimensional screen media. Haley illuminates the constructed nature of mediatized communication, but she does it dramaturgically deemphasizing the technology and re-centering the human within the virtual drama. Her approach builds a metaphorical bridge between theatre and virtual digital realities. Through a close reading of Haley’s plays I will demonstrate how Haley takes the artistic next step for computer technology and theatre.

Este trabalho analisou a assembléia de borboletas em três diferentes ambientes da Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de São Francisco de Paula, RS - mata nativa com araucárias, campo e plantação de Pinus elliottii. Foram realizadas oito expedições a campo, duas a cada estação, durante um ano, entre julho de 2007 a maio de 2008. Seis trilhas foram amostradas: duas em ambiente de mata (AC e TT), duas em ambiente de campo (C1 e C2), e duas em talhões de Pinus elliottii (PE e PA). Foram calculados estimadores analíticos de riqueza, índices de diversidade, dominância e similaridade. Em um total de 246 horas-rede-amostrador, foram registrados 2647 indivíduos (N), distribuídos em 155 espécies (S); destas: 73 pertencentes à Nymphalidae, 39 Hesperiidae, 15 Pieridae, 11 Lycaenidae, 9 Riodinidae e 8 Papilionidae. Os estimadores analíticos de riqueza indicaram que 66-86% da fauna da FLONA foi amostrada. Foram encontrados 60 novos registros para a Floresta Ombrófila Mista do RS e para o Estado, quatro novas ocorrências: Euptychoides castrensis (Schaus, 1902), Yphthimoides viviana (Romieux, 1927), Paryphtimoides sp., e Satyrinae sp., as duas últimas, prováveis espécies novas para a ciência. Satyrinae foi a subfamília mais rica (S= 20) e abundante (S=761). Espécies exclusivas: 45 na mata, 30 no campo e 11 no Pinus elliottii. Foram registradas espécies típicas de campo: Pampasatyrus quies (Berg, 1877), Pampasatyrus periphas (Godart, 1824), Pampasatyrus reticulata (Weymer, 1907) e Pampasatytus ocelloides (Schaus, 1902). A mata foi o ambiente que apresentou a maior diversidade e menor dominância, seguida de campo e Pinus elliottii. O ambiente de Pinus elliottii foi o menos rico, com aproximadamente metade do número de espécies registradas na mata e 2/3 das registradas no campo. Os resultados destacam a importância dos ambientes originais para a fauna de borboletas e ressaltam a necessidade de mais estudos e de conservação destes locais, e principalmente, dos ambientes de campo, que abrigam uma fauna de borboletas característica e rica em espécies. / This work aimed to study the assemblage of butterflies in three different environments of the Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (FLONA), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil – Araucaria mixed forest, grasslands in the basaltic highlands and Pinus elliottii plantation. Eight field expeditions were carried out, two at each season, between July 2007 to May 2008. Six transects were sampled: two at Araucaria mixed forest (AC and TT), two at grasslands (C1 and C2), and two at Pinus elliottii plantation (PE and PA ). Species richness analytical estimators, diversity, similarity and dominance indexes were calculated. In a total of 246 hours-net, 2647 individuals (N) were sampled, in 155 species (S) distributed in six butterfly families: 73 Nymphalidae, 39 Hesperiidae, 15 Pieridae, 11 Lycaenidae, 9 Riodinidae and 8 Papilionidae. Species richness estimators indicated that 66-86% of the butterfly fauna of the FLONA was sampled. Were found 60 new registers for the Araucaria Mixed Forest and four new registers for Rio Grande do Sul State: Euptychoides castrensis (Schaus, 1902), Yphthimoides viviana (Romieux, 1927), Paryphtimoides sp. and Satyrinae sp.. These two last are probably new species for science. Satyrinae was the richest (S = 20) and the most abundant subfamily (S=761). There is 45 exclusive species in Araucaria forest, 30 in grasslands and 11 in Pinus elliottii. Species typical of grassland areas were found: Pampasatyrus quies (Berg, 1877), P. periphas (Godart, 1824), P. reticulata (Weymer, 1907) and P. ocelloides (Schaus, 1902). Diversity scored H´=3,973 and dominance levels 1- D = 0,967 for the total sample. The araucaria forest recorded the highest diversity and lowest dominance levels, followed by the grassland and P. elliotti environments. Pinus elliottii was the environment with lowest species richness and abundance, with approximately a half of the number of species registered in the forest and 2/3 of that registered in the grassland environment. These results prove the importance of original environments for the butterfly fauna and emphasize the necessity of more studies and the conservation of natural habitats in Rio Grande do Sul.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]-71).

Thesis (Ph.D)--College of Fine Arts, University of New South Wales, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]-71).

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]-71).

El proyecto tiene la expectativa de dar a conocer la importancia de la revista Paula como elemento significativo del patrimonio visual nacional y, principalmente, ser un referente y material de consulta para todas aquellas personas involucradas o relacionados con la carrera de Diseño Gráfico y otras que estudien la historia o las conductas sociales. Pretende generar conocimientos e incrementar la creatividad rescatando y registrando parte importante del diseño nacional. Al mismo tiempo se pretende lograr revalorar los primeros años de la revista Paula.

Duas áreas de mata com araucária (Araucaria angustifolia) na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (29º23' e 29º27'S; 50º23'e 50º25'W) foram estudadas com base na composição florística e tipos funcionais (TFs) para a detecção de padrões espaciais e sua associação com as condições do solo. TFs foram definidos a partir de 19 atributos morfo-funcionais qualitativos e quantitativos avaliados para cada espécie amostrada. Em cada área, um transecto de quadros contíguos foi marcado com 24 quadros de 4,5 x 4,5m (quadros pequenos) dentro de quatro quadros contíguos de 27 x 27m (quadros grandes). Foi amostrado um total de 568 indivíduos arbóreos lenhosos com pelo menos 2m de altura, pertencentes a 31 famílias e 74 espécies. As análises dos dados com os quadros pequenos consideraram duas escalas: P1, com 4,5 x 4,5m e P3, com 4,5 x 13,5m, formados pelo agrupamento de três quadros pequenos contíguos. Myrtaceae e Lauraceae foram as famílias com maior número de espécies em ambas as matas. Numa mata (A), as espécies com maiores valores de importância (VI) foram Stillingia oppositifolia, Eugenia uruguayensis e Sebastiania brasiliensis; na outra (B), as espécies mais importantes foram Araucaria angustifolia, Casearia decandra, Rudgea parquioides e Ilex paraguariensis. Análises de agrupamento foram aplicadas para estudar padrões espaciais com base na composição de espécies e TFs. A congruência (correlação) entre a variação da vegetação e das condições químicas do solo foi avaliada por meio de teste de Mantel; as maiores correlações foram encontradas para os quadros com tamanho P3 tanto para espécies como TFs, mas foram maiores para os últimos. Em geral, tanto com espécies como com TFs, os tipos de vegetação dentro da mata B foram menos agudos e diferentes daqueles da mata A.O solo da mata B apresentou menores teores de Al e maiores teores de Ca, Mg e matéria orgânica que a mata A. A mata A mostrou uma clara diferença em termos de espécies, TFs e condições de solo entre os quadros próximos à borda com o campo e os quadros do interior da mata, enquanto na mata B não houve quadros em borda. Na mata A, o solo nos quadros próximos à borda foram mais ricos em Al. Os padrões da vegetação em termos de espécies foram determinados pela presença das seguintes arvoretas: Casearia decandra e Rudgea parquioides na mata B, Sebastiania brasiliensis e Roupala brasiliensis nos quadros próximos à borda na mata A e Stillingia oppositifolia nos demais quadros desta mata. Os atributos que determinaram TFs com máxima correlação com as condições do solo não foram os mesmos em cada análise, mas em geral os mais relevantes foram os relacionados a atributos das folhas (largura média, comprimento médio, espessura, decidualidade, filotaxia e número de limbos). Na mata B, TFs típicos apresentaram folhas membranáceas e não perenes, folhas compostas ou folhas grandes e perenes. Na mata A, TFs típicos próximo à borda tiveram folhas pequenas e espessas, enquanto dentro da mata predominaram TFs com tamanhos intermediários de folha. Foram realizadas, tanto para espécies como para TFs, análises de variância com aleatorização para testar se os grupos diferiam significativamente com relação aos fatores do solo. Os grupos definidos com base nas espécies nos quadros de tamanho P1 diferiram significativamente na mata A quanto ao Al (P=0,005), e na análise conjunta de ambas as matas quanto ao Al (P=0,003), à matéria orgânica do solo (0,001) e ao Mg (0,001). Os grupos definidos com base em TFs nos quadros de tamanho P1 diferiram significativamente na mata A para o Al (P=0,008) e a matéria orgânica (P=0,002), e na análise conjunta das duas matas para o Ca, Al, Mg, matéria orgânica e pH (P£0,003); nos quadros de tamanho P3 da mata A os grupos diferiram significativamente para o Al (P=0,004) e na análise conjunta de ambas as matas para o Al e o Mg (P£0,024). / Two areas of forest with araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) in the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula (29º23' e 29º27'S; 50º23'e 50º25'W) were studied for the detection of spatial patterns and their association with soil conditions, based on floristic and plant functional types (PFTs) composition. PFTs were defined on the basis of 19 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits evaluated for each species present. In each forest area a transect of contiguous quadrats was marked with 24 contiguous quadrats of 4.5 x 4.5 m ("small quadrats") inside 4 contiguous quadrats of 27 x 27 m ("large quadrats"). A total of 568 woody individuals with at least 2 m height were found in the quadrats, belonging to 31 families and 74 species. Data analysis with the small quadrats considered 2 scales: P1 with 4.5 x 4.5 m and P3 with 4.5 x 13.5 m by pooling groups of 3 contiguous small quadrats. Myrtaceae and Lauraceae were the families with the largest number of species in both forest areas. In one forest (A) the species with the largest importance values were Stillingia oppositifolia, Eugenia uruguayensis and Sebastiania brasiliensis; in the other (B), the most important species were Araucaria angustifolia, Casearia decandra, Rudgea parquioides and Ilex paraguariensis. Cluster analysis was applied to study spatial patterns based on species and PFTs composition. Congruence (correlation) between vegetation variation and soil chemical conditions was evaluated by means of a Mantel test; the largest correlations were found for quadrats with size P3 for both species and PFTs, but were larger for the latter. In general, with both species and PFTs, vegetation types within forest B were less sharp than and different from the ones in forest A. The soil in forest B presented lower contents of Al and higher contents of Ca, Mg a organic matter than in forest A. Forest A showed a clear difference in terms of species, PFTs and soil conditions between quadrats near the edge with grassland (Campos) and the ones more inside, while in forest B there were no edge quadrats. In forest A the soil in the quadrats near the edge was richer in Al. Vegetation patterns in terms of species were mostly determined by the presence of the following small trees: Casearia decandra and Rudgea parquioides in forest B, Sebastiania brasiliensis and Roupala brasiliensis in forest A near the edge, and S. oppositifolia in the remaining of forest A. The traits that determined PFTs with maximum correlation with soil conditions were not the same in each analysis, but in general the most relevant ones were related to leaf traits (leaf width, leaf length, leaf thickness, deciduousness, leaf arrangement and simple/composite leaves). In forest B typical PFTs presented membranaceous and nonperennial leaves, composite leaves or large perennial leaves. In forest A near the edge typical PFTs had small and thick leaves, while within the forest predominated PFTs with intermediate leaf size. For both species and PFTs analysis of variance with randomization was performed to test if the compositional groups differed significantly with respect to soil factors. The groups defined on the basis of species in P1 quadrats in forest A differed significantly for Al (P= 0,005) and in the joint analysis of both forests differed significantly for Al (P=0,003), soil organic matter (P=0,001) and Mg (P=0,001). The groups defined on the basis of PFTs in the P1 quadrats in forest A differed significantly for Al (P=0,008) and organic matter (P=0,002) and in the joint analysis of both forests differed significantly for Ca, Mg, Al, organic matter and pH (P£0,003); in the P3 quadrats in forest A differed significantly Al (P=0,004) and in the joint analysis of both forests differed significantly for Al and Mg (P£0,024).

Os estudos da estrutura e dinâmica populacional das espécies arbóreas nativas são escassos, tornando-se uma das grandes lacunas para embasar práticas adequadas de manejo e conservação das espécies e dos ecossistemas florestais. Cabralea canjerana, com ampla distribuição no Neotrópico, apresenta grande importância econômica devida sua madeira e grande valor ecológico na abundante frutificação, pelo alto teor nutricional a fauna. Neste sentido, pretende-se inicialmente, determinar o padrão de abundância e distribuição geográfica na região sul e sudeste do Brasil, através da revisão da literatura fitossociológica. Analisar e descrever através de levantamentos de campo a dinâmica populacional e os aspectos da regeneração natural em uma zona de contato entre as florestas ombrófilas mista e densa, no sul do Brasil (29º 26’17” a 29º 34’ 42” Latitude Sul e 50º 08’ 14” a 50º 14’ 18” Longitude Oeste). Os levantamentos iniciaram com um censo, em março de 2001, em 3 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha, na qual, a estrutura populacional foi determinada. Em 2004, duas das três parcelas foram reduzidas a metade. Foram refeitos os censos quando todos os indivíduos estavam etiquetados e a partir daí monitorados semestralmente até agosto de 2005. Foi enfatizada a alometria relacionada às taxas demográficas dos indivíduos com até 100 cm de altura; na reprodução (frutificação) e dinâmica populacional para toda a população. Constatou-se incongruência na literatura quanto à caracterização dos padrões de ocorrência e abundância local de C. canjerana, sendo verificado que embora freqüente nas florestas estacionais apresenta-se com baixa abundância local, por outro lado, na floresta ombrófila densa ocorre de forma esparsa, porém com elevada abundância em altitudes acima dos 700 m. Mesmo ausente na floresta ombrófila mista pode-se observar a presença de jovens colonizando áreas distantes da encosta na zona de ecótono. As variáveis morfométricas da população indicam sua presença nos diferentes estratos verticais da floresta, com a altura máxima de 17 m, constituindo o dossel. A relação entre altura total e o diâmetro à altura do solo (DAS) apresentou valor (r²= 0,68) e 70 % dos indivíduos > 10 cm de DAS desenvolveram-se em ambientais com alta luminosidade. Foram refeitos os censos quando todos os indivíduos estavam etiquetados e a partir daí monitorados semestralmente até agosto de 2005. Foi enfatizada a alometria relacionada às taxas demográficas dos indivíduos com até 100 cm de altura; na reprodução (frutificação) e dinâmica populacional para toda a população. Constatou-se incongruência na literatura quanto à caracterização dos padrões de ocorrência e abundância local de C. canjerana, sendo verificado que embora freqüente nas florestas estacionais apresenta-se com baixa abundância local, por outro lado, na floresta ombrófila densa ocorre de forma esparsa, porém com elevada abundância em altitudes acima dos 700 m. Mesmo ausente na floresta ombrófila mista pode-se observar a presença de jovens colonizando áreas distantes da encosta na zona de ecótono. As variáveis morfométricas da população indicam sua presença nos diferentes estratos verticais da floresta, com a altura máxima de 17 m, constituindo o dossel. A relação entre altura total e o diâmetro à altura do solo (DAS) apresentou valor (r²= 0,68) e 70 % dos indivíduos > 10 cm de DAS desenvolveram-se em ambientais com alta luminosidade. / The structure and dynamic studies of the population of native arboreous species are few, having become a significant lacuna for the support of the adequate practices of management and conservation of the species and forestial ecosystems. Cabralea canjerana, with wide distribution in the Neotropic, has a great economic importance, due to its wood and great ecologycal value during the period of its abundant fructification, for its high nutricional meaning for the fauna. In this sense, it is primely intended to determine the abundance pattern and the geographical distribution in the south and southwest regions of Brazil, through the revision of the phyto-sociological literature. To analyse and to describe through field survey, the population dynamics and the aspects of natural regeneration in a region of contact between the ombrophyla dense and mixed forests, in the south of Brazil. (29º 26’17” a 29º 34’ 42” South Latitude and 50º 08’ 14” a 50º 14’ 18” West Longitude). The surveys have begun with a census, in march 2003, in three permanent portions of 1ha, in which, the population structure was determined. In 2004, two of three portions were reduced to half their initial size. The census were made again when all individuals were labeled and from this point it was realized a semestral follow-up untill august 2005.The alometry were emphasized, related to the demographic rates of individuals with height until 100cm; in the reproduction (fructification) and in the dynamics of the population. It was veryfied an incongruity in the literature related to the characteristic description of the occurrence patterns and local abundance of C. canjerana, being veryfied that, although frequent in the seasonal forests, it has a low local abundance, by other hand, in the ombrophyla dense forest its occurrence is dispersed, but it has a high abundance in the altitudes higher than 700m. Even being absent in the mixed ombrophyla forest, we can observe the presence of young plants colonizing distant areas in the slope of the ecotone zone. The morphometric variantions of the population show their presence among different vertical excerpts of the forest, with maximum 17m height, composing the dossel. The relation between total height and the diameter at the land height (DAS) presented a value (r²= 0,68) and 70% of the individuals >10cm of DAS have developed in an high luminosity environment. This way, the alometryc model was influenced by the anthropic impacts that took place in this region and also affected the allocation of resourses for reproduction as veryfied by the positive relation between the fruit production with the canopy area of the matrixes. The relative growing rate (TCR) of the individuals were low and there was no difference between the seedlings rates and saplings plants until 100cm height. The survival was high and had a positive relation (P= 0,04) of leaves and folioles. The mortality in all surveys was lower than the recruting. It was veryfied the formation of a bank of seedlings. The structure of the population, in 2001 and 2005 did not differ (P<0,001), presenting the shape of the letter “J” upsidedown with population development of λ= 2,16. The growing rate is considered high, if compared to other arboreous species, being the increase in the number of seedlings and saplings plants, the responsible for this high number. Therefore, this study is the first approximation about the population dynamics of C. canjerana, being necessary the long-term follow-up and the samples increase in regional scale.