South America provides an outstanding laboratory for studies of magmatism and crustal evolution because it contains older Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons that amalgamated during Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic supercontinent assembly, as well as a long history of Andean magmatism that records crustal growth and reworking in an accretionary orogen. We have attempted to reconstruct the growth and evolution of South America through U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analyses of detrital zircons from 59 samples of sand from modern rivers and shorelines. Results from 5,524 new U-Pb ages and 1,199 new Hf isotope determinations are reported. We have also integrated our data into a compilation of all previously published zircon geochronologic and Hf isotopic information, yielding a record that includes>42,000 ages and>1,600 Hf isotope analyses. These data yield five main conclusions: (1) South America has an age distribution that is similar to most other continents, presumably reflecting the supercontinent cycle, with maxima at 2.2-1.8 Ga, 1.6-0.9 Ga, 700-400 Ma, and 360-200 Ma; (2)<200 Ma magmatism along the western margin of South America has age maxima at 183 Ma (191-175 Ma), 151 Ma (159-143 Ma), 126 Ma (131-121 Ma), 109 Ma (114-105 Ma), 87 Ma (95-79 Ma), 62 Ma (71-53 Ma), 39 Ma (43-35 Ma), 19 Ma (23-15 Ma), and 6 Ma (10-2 Ma); (3) for the past 200 Ma, there appears to be a positive correlation between magmatism and the velocity of convergence between central South America and Pacific oceanic plates; (4) Hf isotopes record reworking of older crustal materials during most time periods, with incorporation of juvenile crustal materials at ~1.6-1.0 Ga, 500-400 Ma and ~200-100 Ma; and (5) the Hf isotopic signature of<200 Ma magmatism is apparently controlled by the generation of juvenile magmas during extensional tectonism and reworking of juvenile versus evolved crustal materials during crustal thickening and arc migration.

The Saint-Urbain and Big Island rutile-bearing ilmenite Fe-Ti oxide deposits are located in the composite 450 km² Saint-Urbain anorthosite (1055-1046 Ma, U-Pb zircon) and in the Lac Allard intrusion (1057-1062 Ma, U-Pb zircon) of the 11,000 km² Havre-Saint Pierre anorthosite suite, respectively, in the Grenville Province of Eastern Canada. Slow cooling rates of 3-4°C/m.y. are estimated for both anorthosites, based on combined U-Pb zircon/rutile/apatite and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar biotite/plagioclase geochronology, and resulted from emplacement during the active Ottawan Orogeny. Slow cooling facilitated (1) diffusion of Zr from ilmenite and rutile, producing thin (10-100 microns) zircon rims on these minerals, and (2) formation of sapphirine via sub-so lidus reactions of the type: spinel + orthopyroxene + rutile ± corundum → sapphirine + ilmenite. New chemical and analytical methods were developed to determine the trace element concentrations and Hf isotopic compositions of Ti-based oxides. Rutile is a magmatic phase in the deposits with minimum crystallization temperatures of 781°C to 1016°C, calculated by Zr-in rutile thermometry. Ilmenite present in rutile-free samples has higher Xhem (hematite proportion in ilmenite), higher high field strength element concentrations (Xhem = 30-17; Nb = 16.1-30.5 ppm; Ta 1.28-1.70 ppm), and crystallized at higher temperatures than ilmenite with more fractionated compositions (Xhem = 21-11; Nb = 1.36-3.11 ppm; Ta = <0.18 ppm) from rutile-bearing rocks. The oxide deposits formed by density segregation and accumulation at the bottom of magma reservoirs, in conditions closed to oxygen, from magmas enriched in Fe and Ti. The initial ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷ Hf of rutile and ilmenite (Saint Urbain [SU] = 0.28219-0.28227, Big Island [BI] = 0.28218-0.28222), and the initial Pb isotopic ratios (e.g.²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴ Pb: SU = 17.134-17.164, BI = 17.012-17.036) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶ Sr (SU = 0.70399-0.70532, BI = 0.70412-0.70427) of plagioclase from the deposits overlap with the initial isotopic ratios of ilmenite and plagioclase from each host anorthosite, which indicates that they have common parent magmas and sources. The parent magmas were derived from a relatively depleted mantle reservoir that appears to be the primary source of all Grenvillian anorthosite massifs and existed for --600 m.y. along the margin of Laurentia during the Proterozoic.

Mūsų gyvenamoji aplinka - gyvoji ir negyvoji gamta yra labai trapi ir pažeidžiama. Tarp daugelio cheminių teršalų ypatingą vietą užima sunkieji metalai. Jie pasižymi ilgalaikiu ir įvairiapusišku toksiniu poveikiu, keliančiu rimtą grėsmę gyvąjai gamtai ir žmonių sveikatai, o jų migracijos aplinkoje kasmet didėja. Medžiaga surinkta Saimos ežero pakrantėse, šalia urbanizacijos centų (Anttola, Astuvansalmi, Ristina, Imatra, Savonlinna, Orijärni, Mikkeli, Puumala) 2004 m. rudenį (spalio, lapkričio mėn.,) ir 2005 m. vasarą (birželio mėn.). Duomenys analizuoti naudojant Eric D. van Hullebusch 2004 m metodika – modifikuota A. Tessier metodika. Sunkiųjų metalų kiekiai nustatyti AAS ir voltimetru. Nustatyta, kad sunkieji metalai skirtinguose substratuose kaupiasi nevienodai, o didžiausias užterštumas jais teritorijose šalia trašų ir plieno fabrikų (Orijarni, Ristina) bei medžio apdirbimo įmonių (Anttola, Mikkeli). / Our living environment – the living nature and inanimate nature are extremely fragile and vulnerable. Among the various chemical pollutants the most prevalent are heavy metals. They are defined as the ones with permanent and various toxic effects, which endangers living nature and human health the most. The migration of this pollutant in the atmosphere is increasing every year. The samples were taken from the Saimaa lakeside near urban centres (Anttola, Astuvansalmi, Ristina, Imatra, Savonlinna, Orijärni, Mikkeli, Puumala ) in autumn 2004 (October, November) and summer 2005 (June). The materials were analyzed by using Eric D. van Hullebusch 2004 method – modified by A. Tessier methods. The quantity of heavy metals was measured by using a voltmeter and AAS. It was diagnosed that heavy metals are accumulating unevenly in the various substratum. And the biggest impurities were found in the territory around manufacturing of the chemical fertilizers and steel factories (Orijarni, Ristina), also wood processing factories(Anttola, Mikkeli).

This theses presents the synthesis and characterization of Cd(II)-, Pb(II)- and Hg(II)-aminoethanethiolates in aqueous media. 2-Aminoethanethiolate, a versatile sulfur andnitrogen (S/N) based ligand was used due to its resemblance to the naturally occurringamino acid, cysteine. The work is presented in four major parts: first, backgroundinformation on the versatile structural chemistry of Cd, Pb and Hg-thiolates with S/Ncontaining ligands; second, synthesis and characterization of Cd(II) with 2-aminoethanethiolates; third, synthesis and characterization and structural chemistry ofPb(II) with 2-aminoethanethiolates; and fourth, synthesis and characterization of Hg(II)-2-aminoethanethiolates in solution- and solid-state with emphasis on the mechanisticpathways for the formation of clusters.The compounds reported here are synthesized by direct addition of the metal saltsand the ligand in deionized water. For Cd(II)-thiolates, insoluble products (77 - 80 and 82- 84) due to the formation of oligomers and polymers were obtained. In Pb(II)-thiolates(85 - 89), the structural chemistry is variable due to the extensive array of coordinationenvironments Pb can acquire. This can be related to the stoichiometry of the reaction aswell as the reaction conditions. The structural trends in Cd(II)- and Pb(II)-thiolates arenot observed in the Hg(II)-thiolates. Rather the halide influences the formation ofmolecular as well as non-molecular structures. Systematic pathways for the formation ofthe compounds based on a variety of commonly observed structural 'building blocks' arepresented. For Cl, Br derivatives, a four-coordinate intermediate, [Hg(SR)2X2] (88 - 96)and for I derivatives three-coordinate intermediates, [HgI(SR)2] and [HgI2(SR)] (97 -100) can be considered as building units. The compounds were characterized withIR/Raman, NMR, MS, Uv-Vis and X-ray crystallography.

Especialista -- Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Centro de Ciencias da Saude. Nucleo de Estudos em Saude Coletiva, Joao Pessoa, 2002.

abstract: Pb-free solders are used as interconnects in various levels of micro-electronic packaging. Reliability of these interconnects is very critical for the performance of the package. One of the main factors affecting the reliability of solder joints is the presence of porosity which is introduced during processing of the joints. In this thesis, the effect of such porosity on the deformation behavior and eventual failure of the joints is studied using Finite Element (FE) modeling technique. A 3D model obtained by reconstruction of x-ray tomographic image data is used as input for FE analysis to simulate shear deformation and eventual failure of the joint using ductile damage model. The modeling was done in ABAQUS (v 6.10). The FE model predictions are validated with experimental results by comparing the deformation of the pores and the crack path as predicted by the model with the experimentally observed deformation and failure pattern. To understand the influence of size, shape, and distribution of pores on the mechanical behavior of the joint four different solder joints with varying degrees of porosity are modeled using the validated FE model. The validation technique mentioned above enables comparison of the simulated and actual deformation only. A more robust way of validating the FE model would be to compare the strain distribution in the joint as predicted by the model and as observed experimentally. In this study, to enable visualization of the experimental strain for the 3D microstructure obtained from tomography, a three dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC) code has been implemented in MATLAB (MathWorks Inc). This developed 3D DIC code can be used as another tool to verify the numerical model predictions. The capability of the developed code in measuring local displacement and strain is demonstrated by considering a test case. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2011

Submitted by Maria José Rodrigues Paiva (mjpaiva.ufpb@gmail.com) on 2018-06-29T19:21:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 48602370 bytes, checksum: a99ccf3517901c9db5e1dbbc6dd4031b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T19:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 48602370 bytes, checksum: a99ccf3517901c9db5e1dbbc6dd4031b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-12-13 / This research studies the correlation between family members and power, through the analysis of endogamy in a family which belongs to the dominant class in the State of Paraíba - the Maia family from Catolé do Rocha. The nethodology adopted in the research was the genealogical analysis related to the analysis of the family's possessions and ocupation of political positions by the members of the Catoleense group. Considering the limitation of documental data, the study reveals a high incidence of practice of endogamy in the Maia family as a strategy for keeping its power. / Este trabalho se propõe a estudar a correlação entre parentesco e poder, através da análise de casamentos endogâmicos de uma família pertencente à classe dominante da Paraíba - os Maia, de Catolé do Rocha. Utilizou-se como metodologia, a análise genealógica da família, correlacionada a uma análise de patrimônio e ao exercício de cargos politicos pelo grupo catoleense. Resguardadas as limitações dos dados documentais, o estudo revela a alta incidência de práticas endogâmicas dos Maia, como estratégia de manutenção do poder.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-26T19:53:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTA GERCIANE VIANA DE ARAÚJO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 2388841 bytes, checksum: 9db564d9d0489aa9f92792acfa0fdf62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T19:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTA GERCIANE VIANA DE ARAÚJO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 2388841 bytes, checksum: 9db564d9d0489aa9f92792acfa0fdf62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08 / O presente texto visa analisar o significado histórico das comemorações do Sesquicentenário de Independência do Brasil no contexto da ditadura militar, buscando analisar a indagação “Qual o significado histórico das comemorações do Sesquicentenário de Independência do Brasil no contexto da ditadura militar na Paraíba com especial ênfase em Campina Grande?”, visando especificamente explanar como se desenvolveram as comemorações aos 150 anos de independência do Brasil em Campina Grande/PB, contextualizar a construção da festa e o papel da propaganda política, e problematizar como a ditadura militar se apropriou da história. Teoricamente, este projeto se adequa na perspectiva da História Social Marxista, por tratar de lançar um olhar crítico sobre como o regime militar se apropriou das comemorações referentes ao sesquicentenário e da ostensiva propaganda para gerar uma aproximação simpática com o povo. Buscamos assim compreender a temática através dos conceitos de ideologia, hegemonia e intelectual orgânico de António Gramsci, visando uma perspectiva político-ideológica acerca do tema. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á como fonte principal de pesquisa o periódico “Jornal da Paraíba”, correspondente ao mês de setembro de 1972. Outras fontes utilizadas são o jornal Diário da Borborema, Atas da Câmara Municipal de Vereadores de Campina Grande e as correspondências enviadas e recebidas pelo Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Paraibano (IHGP) referentes ao ano de 1972. Campina Grande e a Paraíba também fizeram parte do contexto de comemorações e através da análise das fontes constatamos como a mídia do estado e as autoridades foram coniventes com o que estava ocorrendo no Brasil frente os planos militares. Através das reflexões propostas na pesquisa, identificamos que tal momento foi comemorado em todo o país e, através da propaganda, serviu como uma espécie de aproximação “simpática” do regime militar com as camadas populares, festejando sua própria história e, principalmente o presente e os planos futuros. / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical significance of the celebrations of the Sesquicentenary of Independence of Brazil in the context of the military dictatorship, seeking to analyze the question "What is the historical significance of the commemorations of the Sesquicentenary of Independence of Brazil in the context of the military dictatorship in Paraíba with special emphasis on Campina Grande? ", Specifically aimed at explaining how the 150th anniversary of Brazil's independence in Campina Grande / PB developed, to contextualize the construction of the party and the role of political propaganda, and to problematize how the military dictatorship appropriated history. Theoretically, this project fits in the perspective of Marxist Social History, because it tries to throw a critical eye on how the military regime appropriated the commemorations referring to the sesquicentennial and the ostensive propaganda to generate a sympathetic approach with the people. We thus seek to understand the theme through the concepts of ideology, hegemony and organic intellectual of António Gramsci, aiming at a political-ideological perspective on the theme. To do so, the periodical "Jornal da Paraíba", corresponding to the month of September of 1972, will be used as the main research source. Other sources used are the Diário da Borborema newspaper, Minutes of the Municipal Council of Campina Grande and correspondences Sent and received by the Historical and Geographic Institute Paraibano (IHGP) for the year 1972. Campina Grande and Paraíba were also part of the context of celebrations and through the analysis of the sources we verified how the state media and the authorities were conniving with what Was occurring in Brazil in front of the military plans. Through the reflections proposed in the research, we identified that such moment was celebrated throughout the country and, through propaganda, served as a sort of "sympathetic" approach of the military regime with the popular strata, celebrating its own history and especially the present and Future plans.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-29T20:45:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HUGO PAZ DE FARIAS BRAGA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 1589617 bytes, checksum: abd6f8eaa30ccf1bd32f4a3c73e42283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T20:45:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HUGO PAZ DE FARIAS BRAGA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 1589617 bytes, checksum: abd6f8eaa30ccf1bd32f4a3c73e42283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Capes / Este trabalho tem por fim fazer uma análise histórica do processo de formação e perpetuação do Poder Local em Campina Grande, durante o Império. A análise segue uma relação dialética entre nacional e local, a fim de destacar os acontecimentos externos que impactaram em Campina Grande, por meio de suas elites políticas. Ao mesmo tempo, analisa os mecanismos de união das mesmas elites, que se dividiram em famílias e por meio delas selavam alianças, através de casamentos, relações de compadrio e pertencimento a partidos políticos. As disputas políticas entre estes grupos pelo controle do poder passava pelo uso do Estado para objetivos puramente pessoais e, não raro, estes conflitos redundavam em violência e perseguição. O trabalho responder como este poder local se perpetuava e funcionava.

My research answers the need for a comparative approach in the research of the history of Eastern Europe. In this respect I will compare the relationship between the writers and the power wielders in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia during the first twenty years of communist power in the two countries (1948-1968). My main idea is firstly to trace the influence of the international context on the domestic scene in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia, and then to show how writers in the two countries answered the challenges posed by their political context. In terms of the international context, I will outline the role of the Soviet Union in the political development of the two countries. In connection with the domestic context, I will illustrate the two models of relations between the power wielders and the writers, exemplified by the Bulgarian Communist leader Todor Zhivkov and the First Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Antonín Novotný. The second trajectory of the research focuses on the conflicts conducted in the highest organ of control in the writers’ sphere - the Praesidium of the Writers’ Union. On the basis of primary sources, I will demonstrate the different approach exhibited by the writers in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia in a period of political unification. As a result of this comparison the thesis will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the politics and the arts in Eastern Europe during the Communist period.