As a field, Behavior Analysis lacks an evidence based solution to assessing and treating language deficits in individuals with brain injuries. Research suggests that using direct instruction with persons with brain injuries is the most effective approach for teaching skills. Research on the PEAK Relational Training System suggests it may be applicable to adults with brain injuries because it does not have an age maximum and it assesses and trains complex language skills. The purpose of the current research is to determine the PEAK Relational Training System's potential applicability in assessing language and cognition functioning in adults with brain injury. 20 adults with brain injuries served as the participants for this study. Using a Pearson Correlation, the relationship between performance on the PEAK assessment and the Ross Information Processing Assessment (RIPA-2), pre-morbid education levels, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and the location of injury in the brain was analyzed. Significant relationships between PEAK and RIPA-2 scores and PEAK and number of years since injury were shown. Furthermore, implementation of the PEAK was shown to be highly reliable. The current research has shown the effectiveness of the PEAK Relational Training System Direct Training Assessment for adults with brain injury.

Nos últimos anos, o estudo de propriedades de redes espaciais urbanas conhecidas como centralidades, tem sido utilizado com frequência para descrever fenômenos de ordem sócio-econômica associados à forma da cidade. Autores têm sugerido que centralidades são capazes de descrever a estrutura espacial urbana (KRAFTA, 1994; ANAS et al., 1998) e, portanto através do estudo de centralidades, é possível reconhecer os espaços que mais concentram fluxos, os que possuem os maiores valores de renda da terra, os mais seguros, entre outros aspectos que parecem estar diretamente relacionados com o fenômeno urbano. A hipótese dessa pesquisa admite que centralidades em redes espaciais urbanas desempenham um papel fundamental na formação da estrutura espacial urbana e na maneira como são organizados os usos do solo da cidade. Assim, essa pesquisa investiga qual modelo de centralidade, processado sobre diversas formas de se descrever o espaço urbano na forma de uma rede, é capaz de apresentar resultados mais fortemente correlacionados com a distribuição espacial de atividades econômicas urbanas. Nessa pesquisa são avaliados cinco modelos de centralidade, aplicados sobre diferentes redes espaciais urbanas com a intenção de se verificar qual deles apresenta maior correlação com a ocorrência de atividades econômicas. Para realizar tal exercício, esses modelos são aplicados sobre três tipos de redes espaciais urbanas (axial, nodal e trechos de rua) – oriundas da configuração espacial de três cidades brasileiras – processados de forma geométrica e topológica. Os modelos de centralidade aplicados são conhecidos como centralidade por Alcance (SEVTSUK; 2010), centralidade por Excentricidade (PORTA et al.; 2009, 2011), centralidade por Intermediação (FREEMAN, 1977), centralidade por Intermediação Planar (KRAFTA, 1994) e centralidade por Proximidade (INGRAM, 1971). O coeficiente de correlação Pearson (r) é utilizado como ferramenta capaz de descrever qual modelo de centralidade, associado a qual tipo de representação espacial e qual modo de processamento de distâncias melhor se correlaciona com a distribuição de atividades econômicas urbanas nessas cidades. As evidências encontradas nessa pesquisa sugerem que os modelos de centralidade por Alcance, centralidade por Excentricidade e centralidade por Intermediação Planar destacam-se em comparação com os demais modelos processados. Além disso, os valores de correlação Pearson (r) mais relevantes foram obtidos quando os modelos de centralidade foram processados considerando-se a geometria da rede formada por trechos de rua, indicando que um tipo de representação espacial mais desagregada e processada de forma geométrica seria mais capaz de apresentar os melhores valores de correlação para a compreensão do fenômeno urbano estudado. / In recent years, the study of urban spatial networks has been often used to describe urban phenomena associated with the shape of the city. Researches suggested that centralities are able to describe the urban spatial structure (KRAFTA, 1994; ANAS et al., 1998) and then it is possible to recognize the spaces with more flows, which have the highest values of land revenue, the safest, among other aspects related to urban phenomenon. The hypothesis of this research accepts that centrality in urban spatial networks play a key role for the urban spatial structure and the way of land uses is organized. Thus, there would be some measures of centrality in urban spatial networks that would be more associated with economic activities occurring in the city. The research will evaluate five measures of centrality applied on three types of urban spatial networks (axial map, node map and segment map). Therefore we will use five models of centrality in urban spatial networks known as reach (SEVTSUK, MEKONNEN, 2012), straightness (PORTA et al., 2006b), betweenness (FREEMAN, 1977), planar betweenness (KRAFTA, 1994) and closeness (INGRAM, 1971) in order to determine which this most highly correlated with the occurrence of economic activities. The relationships between these measures of centrality and locations of economic activities are examined in three Brazilian cities, using as methodology the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The highest correlation between the results of centrality in urban spatial networks and the location of economic activities will suggest which centrality measure, way of to describe urban space like a network and distance processing method (euclidian or topologic) is more associated with the occurrence of these activities in the city. The results indicate that Reach, Straightness and Planar Betweenness are most outstanding models of centrality. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficients (r) most relevant were obtained when models of centrality are processed considering euclidian paths in the street segments network, suggesting that this type of spatial network and distances processing method generates centralities with more significant correlation values within the urban phenomenon studied.

Nos últimos anos, o estudo de propriedades de redes espaciais urbanas conhecidas como centralidades, tem sido utilizado com frequência para descrever fenômenos de ordem sócio-econômica associados à forma da cidade. Autores têm sugerido que centralidades são capazes de descrever a estrutura espacial urbana (KRAFTA, 1994; ANAS et al., 1998) e, portanto através do estudo de centralidades, é possível reconhecer os espaços que mais concentram fluxos, os que possuem os maiores valores de renda da terra, os mais seguros, entre outros aspectos que parecem estar diretamente relacionados com o fenômeno urbano. A hipótese dessa pesquisa admite que centralidades em redes espaciais urbanas desempenham um papel fundamental na formação da estrutura espacial urbana e na maneira como são organizados os usos do solo da cidade. Assim, essa pesquisa investiga qual modelo de centralidade, processado sobre diversas formas de se descrever o espaço urbano na forma de uma rede, é capaz de apresentar resultados mais fortemente correlacionados com a distribuição espacial de atividades econômicas urbanas. Nessa pesquisa são avaliados cinco modelos de centralidade, aplicados sobre diferentes redes espaciais urbanas com a intenção de se verificar qual deles apresenta maior correlação com a ocorrência de atividades econômicas. Para realizar tal exercício, esses modelos são aplicados sobre três tipos de redes espaciais urbanas (axial, nodal e trechos de rua) – oriundas da configuração espacial de três cidades brasileiras – processados de forma geométrica e topológica. Os modelos de centralidade aplicados são conhecidos como centralidade por Alcance (SEVTSUK; 2010), centralidade por Excentricidade (PORTA et al.; 2009, 2011), centralidade por Intermediação (FREEMAN, 1977), centralidade por Intermediação Planar (KRAFTA, 1994) e centralidade por Proximidade (INGRAM, 1971). O coeficiente de correlação Pearson (r) é utilizado como ferramenta capaz de descrever qual modelo de centralidade, associado a qual tipo de representação espacial e qual modo de processamento de distâncias melhor se correlaciona com a distribuição de atividades econômicas urbanas nessas cidades. As evidências encontradas nessa pesquisa sugerem que os modelos de centralidade por Alcance, centralidade por Excentricidade e centralidade por Intermediação Planar destacam-se em comparação com os demais modelos processados. Além disso, os valores de correlação Pearson (r) mais relevantes foram obtidos quando os modelos de centralidade foram processados considerando-se a geometria da rede formada por trechos de rua, indicando que um tipo de representação espacial mais desagregada e processada de forma geométrica seria mais capaz de apresentar os melhores valores de correlação para a compreensão do fenômeno urbano estudado. / In recent years, the study of urban spatial networks has been often used to describe urban phenomena associated with the shape of the city. Researches suggested that centralities are able to describe the urban spatial structure (KRAFTA, 1994; ANAS et al., 1998) and then it is possible to recognize the spaces with more flows, which have the highest values of land revenue, the safest, among other aspects related to urban phenomenon. The hypothesis of this research accepts that centrality in urban spatial networks play a key role for the urban spatial structure and the way of land uses is organized. Thus, there would be some measures of centrality in urban spatial networks that would be more associated with economic activities occurring in the city. The research will evaluate five measures of centrality applied on three types of urban spatial networks (axial map, node map and segment map). Therefore we will use five models of centrality in urban spatial networks known as reach (SEVTSUK, MEKONNEN, 2012), straightness (PORTA et al., 2006b), betweenness (FREEMAN, 1977), planar betweenness (KRAFTA, 1994) and closeness (INGRAM, 1971) in order to determine which this most highly correlated with the occurrence of economic activities. The relationships between these measures of centrality and locations of economic activities are examined in three Brazilian cities, using as methodology the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The highest correlation between the results of centrality in urban spatial networks and the location of economic activities will suggest which centrality measure, way of to describe urban space like a network and distance processing method (euclidian or topologic) is more associated with the occurrence of these activities in the city. The results indicate that Reach, Straightness and Planar Betweenness are most outstanding models of centrality. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficients (r) most relevant were obtained when models of centrality are processed considering euclidian paths in the street segments network, suggesting that this type of spatial network and distances processing method generates centralities with more significant correlation values within the urban phenomenon studied.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-13T13:50:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Davi Delgado Clerot - UFPE.pdf: 1275511 bytes, checksum: 8413259c0fde19c85569221d062625a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T13:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Davi Delgado Clerot - UFPE.pdf: 1275511 bytes, checksum: 8413259c0fde19c85569221d062625a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / No âmbito da biometria comportamental, o reconhecimento automático de assinaturas manuscritas off-line se destaca pela boa aceitação em diversos segmentos, tais como Bancos, Cartórios e Imobiliárias. Dentre os fatores que estimulam sua utilização estão a facilidade na aquisição, pois não depende de equipamentos específicos, e seu valor legal ao ser realizada de próprio punho. No intuito de investigar métodos alternativos para realizar sua verificação automática, esta dissertação testa uma abordagem baseada no Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. O experimento foi realizado em seis etapas; da primeira à terceira, são utilizadas variações na extração de características, sem o auxílio de um classificador baseado em aprendizado automático. No quarto experimento, foi utilizada uma rede neural artificial como classificador, para efeito de comparação com os resultados anteriores. No quinto experimento, um peso associado ao limiar de resposta utilizado nos experimentos anteriores foi adicionado objetivando minimizar efeitos dos falsos positivos obtidos. No sexto e último experimento, para efeito de comparação com trabalhos relacionados, foi utilizada a base de dados disponibilizada no ICDAR (Conferência Internacional em Reconhecimento e Análise de Documentos) 2011. A configuração empregada nesta etapa, a qual utilizou a base do ICDAR, foi a do melhor experimento realizado dentre os anteriores. Os métodos propostos apresentaram resultados promissores em comparação com os resultados apresentados na literatura. / In the field of behavioral biometrics, automatic off-line handwritten signature recognition stands out for its widespread acceptance in different market segments, such as Banks, Civil Registry Offices and Real State Agencies. Among the reasons why its use is widely stimulated are its ease of acquisition, once it does not depend on specific equipment, and its legal value when it is done by the author’s own handwriting. With the purpose of searching for alternative methods to proceed to its automatic verification, this essay tests out an approach based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The experiment was carried out through six steps; from the first to the third ones, there were used variations for feature extraction, without the assistance of a learning classifier. In the fourth experiment, there was used an artificial neural network as a classifier, in order to compare its results with those obtained in the previous tests. In the fifth experiment, a weight associated to the threshold results obtained in the previous experiments was added, so as to minimize the false positive rate. In the sixth and last experiment, for comparison with related essays, there was used the ICDAR (International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition) 2011 database. The configuration utilized in this last step was the one obtained in the best test among the previous ones. The proposed methods presented promising results compared to others reported in the literature.

This study investigates whether financial globalization influences emerging markets by examining the correlation between a global market in relation to emerging markets. By constructing yearly correlation coefficients through collecting daily return from index markets, financial contagion can be detected. International trade serves as a measurement for financial globalization, in the context of the continuation of globalization in the world. Through the progress of creating the correlation coefficients, the significance of trade globalization has been identified along with the relationship the correlation coefficients have with it. Leading to the conclusion that financial globalization does impact the emerging markets and have done so throughout the timespan of 25 years.

No description available.

摘要 皮爾森相關係數通常作為描述區間尺度變數間相關性的參考指標，然而在社會科學領域中，由於資料多數以順序尺度的形式呈現，因此藉由傳統的皮爾森相關係數來描述順序尺度資料間的相關性通常會導致某種程度的誤差。儘管如此，以往的文獻多數傾向支持以等距離分數來取代順序尺度資料，並直接計算皮爾森相關係數。藉由模擬實驗的結果，我們發現這樣的作法並非在所有情況下都合理。 此外本研究中也對多序類相關係數進行探討。就表示順序變數間相關性的準確程度而言，多序類相關係數明顯優於利用等距離分數來計算皮爾森相關係數的方法；但若以操作上的便利程度而言，後者仍具有其優勢。 關鍵字：順序尺度、皮爾森相關係數、多序類相關係數。 / Abstract Pearson correlation coefficient is typically used to describe the correlation between two interval-scaled variables. In social science, however, most of the data are represented in ordinal-scale, and hence describing the correlation between two ordinal-scaled variables in terms of Pearson correlation coefficient would inevitably result in certain errors. Though the practice is deemed acceptable and generally supported in literatures, we found, through intensive simulations, that it should be executed with care. Polychoric correlation coefficient was also investigated. In order to describe the correlation between two ordinal-scaled variables, we found, in terms of the degree of accuracy, that Polychoric correlation coefficient is definitely better than Pearson correlation coefficient with equal-distance scores. Pearson correlation coefficient, on the other hands, is much easier to calculate, and should not be totally ignored. Key words：Ordinal-scale、Pearson correlation coefficient、Polychoric correlation coefficient。

The objective of this thesis is to proof possibilities to use data from the electronic revenue records to measure the visit rate and process recommendations for the use in tourism. The thesis focuses on the tourism sector. Concepts and related terminology are explained. Described in this thesis are sources of the information about visitors, profiles of visitors, decision-making process about visits, and selected technologies used to measure the visit rate. Reasons, problems and classification related to measurements of the visit rate are included in the thesis as well. The practical part examines the use of information from electronic revenue records for the purpose of measuring the number of visitors based on the calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficients. The principal how EET functions is explained in the thesis. Significant part of the work is the analysis of daily and monthly revenues of electronic records in the sector of lodging in regions of the Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, 6 groups are determined in which the development of daily seasonality takes place in a specific way. An important part is also the calculation of average cost of accommodation in regions, which identifies certain economic impacts of tourism. Part of the thesis are summarized recommendations for the use of data from EET.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-01-03T13:41:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucileide Vilela Resende - 2013.pdf: 3679172 bytes, checksum: 19c64d2dca0756ea4259ae775b9de738 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T09:56:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucileide Vilela Resende - 2013.pdf: 3679172 bytes, checksum: 19c64d2dca0756ea4259ae775b9de738 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T09:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Lucileide Vilela Resende - 2013.pdf: 3679172 bytes, checksum: 19c64d2dca0756ea4259ae775b9de738 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and inbreeding, perform genetic relationships analysis, and estimate heritability for morphometric variables in quails using microsatellite markers. We used the following morphometric measurements: weight (PO), length (CO), and width (LO) of eggs, weight (P), body length (CC), length (CB), height (AB), and width (LB) of beak, wing length (CA), tarsus length (CT), and toe length (CD). We verified the genetic association for the morphometric variables in the progenies. Also, we checked whether features P, CC, CB, AB, LB, CA, CT, and CD were related to the amount of offspring (QF) from adults in quail families from a commercial flock. We used seven cages containing six females and two males each, which resulted in a progeny of 672 individuals. The genotypes of the individuals were obtained in an automated DNA sequencer. Genotypes were used for genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic link analyzes of two generations, and to perform analyzes of variance components, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, heritability, t-test, and Utest of Mann-Whitney. In the parental generation we found high probability of combined paternity exclusion (PE = 0.999956), low probability of combined identity (PI = 1.47 x 10-13), and that null alleles frequency was near zero. The values of expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) were equal to 0.768, 0.766 and 0.734, respectively, indicating a high genetic diversity. When we assessed only the progenies, the genetic diversity was maintained (He = 0.760, Ho = 0.757 and PIC = 0.725). The inbreeding coefficient (f) was low and not significant. The genetic link analysis was efficient to assign paternity and maternity for 97% of the progeny. The weight of the offspring at birth and the variables analyzed in eggs are highly correlated. There is also a significant correlation between most measures analyzed. Estimates of heritability values were considered moderate to high. The average number of offspring was 15.93 per female, and 44.6 for males. Females were, on average, heavier than males. The QF was only correlated with the CC in females. We found significant difference between the weight of heavier males when compared to lighter males, but the comparison between QF and weight category was not significant. These results indicated that the 12 microsatellite markers used in the study were robust for the genetic relationships and genetic variability analysis in this species. We also found that the egg’s variables and progeny’s weight were highly correlated, and heritability estimates ranged from moderate to high in the variables analyzed. Females were heavier than males, QF was correlated only with CC in females, and there was no significant difference between heavier males and lighter males. All these information may be useful in future breeding programs for Coturnix japonica. / O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar marcadores microssatélites para estimar diversidade genética e endogamia, realizar análises de vínculo genético, estimar a herdabilidade para as variáveis morfométricas: peso (PO), comprimento (CO) e largura do ovo (LO), peso (P), comprimento do corpo (CC), comprimento do bico (CB), altura do bico (AB), largura do bico (LB), comprimento da asa (CA), comprimento do tarso (CT) e comprimento do dedo (CD) e verificar a associação genética para estas variáveis nas progênies e verificar quais características: P, CC, CB, AB, LB, CA, CT e CD estão relacionadas com quantidade de filhos (QF) nos adultos em famílias oriundas de um plantel comercial de codornas. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi instalado um experimento com sete gaiolas contendo seis fêmeas e dois machos, resultando em uma progênie de 672 indivíduos. O genótipo dos indivíduos foi obtido em sequenciador automático de DNA. Os genótipos foram utilizados para realização das análises de diversidade genética, endogamia e vínculo genético nas duas gerações e para realizar análises de componentes de variância, estatísticas descritivas, correlações de Pearson, herdabilidade, teste t e teste U de Mann-Whitney. Considerando a geração parental foi encontrada alta probabilidade de exclusão de paternidade combinada (PE = 0,999956), baixa probabilidade de identidade combinada (PI = 1,47x10-13) e frequência de alelos nulos próximas a zero. Os valores de heterozigosidade esperada (He) e observada (Ho) e conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) foram iguais a 0,768, 0,766 e 0,734 respectivamente, indicando uma elevada diversidade genética. A diversidade genética foi mantida quando se avaliou apenas as progênies (He = 0,760, Ho = 0,757 e PIC = 0,725). O coeficiente de endogamia (f) foi baixo e não significativo. A análise de vínculo genético foi eficiente para atribuir a paternidade e maternidade para 97% das progênies. O peso das progênies ao nascimento e as variáveis analisadas nos ovos estão altamente correlacionadas e também existe correlação significativa entre a maioria das medidas. As estimativas de herdabilidade encontradas são consideradas de moderada a alta. A média de filhotes por fêmea foi 15,93 e de machos 44,6, com fêmeas, em média, mais pesadas que os machos. A QF só foi correlacionada com o CC das fêmeas. Houve diferença significativa entre o peso dos machos mais pesados em relação aos mais leves, mas a comparação da QF por categoria de peso não foi significativa. Esses resultados permitem concluir que este painel de 12 marcadores microssatélites é robusto para a realização de análises de vínculo genético e para estudos de variabilidade genética nesta espécie, com as variáveis analisadas nos ovos e peso das progênies altamente correlacionadas, estimativas de herdabilidades moderadas a altas para as variáveis analisadas. As fêmeas são mais pesadas que os machos, QF só está correlacionada com o CC das fêmeas, não apresentando diferença significativa entre o peso dos machos mais pesados em relação aos mais leves. Essas informações podem ser úteis em futuros programas de melhoramento genético para Coturnix japonica.

Recently, it has become more and more difficult for the existing web based systems to locate or retrieve any kind of relevant information, due to the rapid growth of the World Wide Web (WWW) in terms of the information space and the amount of the users in that space. However, in today&#039 / s world, many systems and approaches make it possible for the users to be guided by the recommendations that they provide about new items such as articles, news, books, music, and movies. However, a lot of traditional recommender systems result in failure when the data to be used throughout the recommendation process is sparse. In another sense, when there exists an inadequate number of items or users in the system, unsuccessful recommendations are produced. Within this thesis work, ReMovender, a web based movie recommendation system, which uses a content boosted collaborative filtering approach, will be presented. ReMovender combines the local/global similarity and missing data prediction v techniques in order to handle the previously mentioned sparseness problem effectively. Besides, by putting the content information of the movies into consideration during the item similarity calculations, the goal of making more successful and realistic predictions is achieved.