Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Cover title. "June 2002." AD-A404 893. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Cary A. Simon, Raymond E. Franck. "AD-A405 965." Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-124). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves [720]-750.

Based on the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Mode of access: Intranet. 1. Picking up the thread : locating Irish Newfoundland women in the narrative of migration and settlement -- 2. The slender thread cast off : migration and reception in Newfoundland -- 3. Ciphering ciphers : tracing Irish women on the southern Avalon -- 4. "A good, hard-working stump of a girl" : Irish women's work and the construction of identity on the southern Avalon -- 5. "She made the cannonballs, and he fired them" : Irish Newfounland women and informal power in family and community-- 6. "Humbel" petitioners and "litigeous" lersons : southern Avalon women and encounters with formal justice-- 7. "Whilst grass grows or water run" : testation practices on the southern Avalon -- 8. "To fix [their] character ... in virtue and innocence" : the regulation of Irish women's sexuality on the southern Avalon -- 9. The "Other" woman -- 10. The slender thread cast on. Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of South Carolina, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 302-319).

Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Ankara Üniversitesi, Turkey, 2002, under the title: Osmanlı-İngiliz ilişkilerinde Balkanların yeri (Bosna-Hersek ve Bulgaristan'daki ayaklanmalar, 1875-1876). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-198) and index.

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να εντοπίσει τις κύριες αιτίες της αύξησης των Άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων στις χώρες Ελλάδα και Βουλγαρία κατά τη διάρκεια της χρονικής περιόδου 1990-2009. Υπάρχουν δύο κατηγορίες επεξηγηματικών παραγόντων. Η πρώτη αναφέρεται στη σχέση μεταξύ των μισθών και την παραγωγικότητα της εργασίας. Το εθνικό κεφάλαιο μιας αναπτυγμένης χώρας θα επενδυθεί κατά προτίμηση σε μία άλλη χώρα με μικρότερους μισθούς, εάν οι διαφορές στο εθνικό μισθολόγιο δεν υποσκελίζονται από τις διαφορές στην παραγωγικότητα της εργασίας. Η δεύτερη κατηγορία των επεξηγηματικών παραγόντων συσχετίζει τις εξαγωγές εμπορευμάτων με τις εξαγωγές κεφαλαίου για άμεσες επενδύσεις. Οι μηχανισμοί του προστατευτισμού και οι μεταβολές των συναλλαγματικών ισοτιμιών οδηγούν στην απώλεια των πρόσθετων κερδών τα οποία θα μπορούσε να πραγματοποιήσει το πιο παραγωγικό εθνικό κεφάλαιο μέσω των εξαγωγών εμπορευμάτων. Η άμεση επένδυση είναι επομένως μία κίνηση του πιο παραγωγικού εθνικού κεφαλαίου για τη διατήρηση και την αναπαραγωγή αυτών των πρόσθετων κερδών. Στις περιπτώσεις των ανωτέρω κρατών βρίσκουμε τελικά ότι η σχέση μεταξύ των μισθών και της παραγωγικότητας της εργασίας, όπως επίσης και οι μεταβολές των συναλλαγματικών ισοτιμιών μπορούν να εξηγήσουν τη συμπεριφορά των ξένων επενδυτών κεφαλαίου. Σε αντίθεση, ο παράγοντας του προστατευτισμού είναι μάλλον ανενεργός κατά τη διάρκεια της υπό εξέταση περιόδου και δεν προσφέρει κάποια εξήγηση για τις ροές των Άμεσων ξένων επενδύσεων σε Ελλάδα και Βουλγαρία. Σημαντικό ρόλο όμως παίζουν οι επενδύσεις γέφυρας και για τις δυο αυτές χώρες διότι γειτνιάζουν με μεγάλες αγορές. Οι πολυεθνικές δημιουργούν άμεσες ξένες επενδύσεις αξιοποιώντας το χαμηλό εργατικό κόστος σε χώρες όπως η Βουλγαρία για να παράγουν προϊόντα σε αυτήν με σκοπό την εξαγωγή στη διεθνή αγορά ή σε κοντινές αγορές. / --

Many of the patterns of genetic variation we observe today have arisen via the complex dynamics of interactions and isolation of historic human populations. In this thesis, we focus on two important features of the genetics of populations that can be used to learn about human history: population structure and admixture. The Iberian peninsula has a complex demographic history, as well as rich linguistic and cultural diversity. However, previous studies using small genomic regions (such as Y-chromosome and mtDNA) as well as genome-wide data have so far detected limited genetic structure in Iberia. Larger datasets and powerful new statistical methods that exploit information in the correlation structure of nearby genetic markers have made it possible to detect and characterise genetic differentiation at fine geographic scales. We performed the largest and most comprehensive study of Spanish population structure to date by analysing genotyping array data for ~1,400 Spanish individuals genotyped at ~700,000 polymorphic loci. We show that at broad scales, the major axis of genetic differentiation in Spain runs from west to east, while there is remarkable genetic similarity in the north-south direction. Our analysis also reveals striking patterns of geographically-localised and subtle population structure within Spain at scales down to tens of kilometres. We developed and applied new approaches to show how this structure has arisen from a complex and regionally-varying mix of genetic isolation and recent gene-flow within and from outside of Iberia. To further explore the genetic impact of historical migrations and invasions of Iberia, we assembled a data set of 2,920 individuals (~300,000 markers) from Iberia and the surrounding regions of north Africa, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa. Our admixture analysis implies that north African-like DNA in Iberia was mainly introduced in the earlier half (860 - 1120 CE) of the period of Muslim rule in Iberia, and we estimate that the closest modern-day equivalents to the initial migrants are located in Western Sahara. We also find that north African-like DNA in Iberia shows striking regional variation, with near-zero contributions in the Basque regions, low amounts (~3%) in the north east of Iberia, and as high as (~11%) in Galicia and Portugal. The UK Biobank project is a large prospective cohort study of ~500,000 individuals from across the United Kingdom, aged between 40-69 at recruitment. A rich variety of phenotypic and health-related information is available on each participant, making the resource unprecedented in its size and scope. Understanding the role that genetics plays in phenotypic variation, and its potential interactions with other factors, provides a critical route to a better understanding of human biology and population health. As such, a key component of the UK Biobank resource has been the collection of genome-wide genetic data (~805,000 markers) on every participant using purpose-designed genotyping arrays. These data are the focus of the second part of this thesis. In particular, we designed and implemented a quality control (QC) pipeline on behalf of the current and future use of this multi-purpose resource. Genotype data on this scale offers novel opportunities for assessing quality issues, although the wide range of ancestral backgrounds in the cohort also creates particular challenges. We also conducted a set of analyses that reveal properties of the genetic data, including population structure and familial relatedness, that can be important for downstream analyses. We find that cryptic relatedness is common among UK Biobank participants (~30% have at least one first cousin relative or closer), and a full range of human population structure is present in this cohort: from world-wide ancestral diversity to subtle population structure at sub-national geographic scales. Finally, we performed a genome-wide association scan on a well-studied and highly polygenic phenotype: standing height. This provided a further test of the effectiveness of our QC, as well as highlighting the potential of the resource to uncover novel regions of association.

Dados EASE-grid do Special Sensor Microwave-Imager (SSM/I) e imagens classificadas ASAR wideswath (WS), cobrindo a Península Antártica (PA), foram processadas e usadas em um Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral (MLME), para a análise subpixel da Zona Superficial de Neve Úmida (ZSNU) em imagens SSM/I. As proporções dos componentes puros (imagens-fração) da área de estudo (ZSNU, Zona Superficial de Neve Seca e rochas) foram derivadas das imagens ASAR classificadas. As imagens-fração e imagens SSM/I co-registradas de mesma data (bandas 19H, 19V, 37H e 37V) foram usadas no MLME para estimar as assinaturas espectrais desconhecidas (i.e., temperatura de brilho em cada banda SSM/I). Essas assinaturas espectrais foram então usadas no MLME para estimar as imagens-fração da ZSNU, as quais foram comparadas com as imagens-fração ASAR correspondentes, por meio do cálculo do coeficiente de correlação. Foram identificadas as duas assinaturas espectrais que resultaram nos dados mais correlacionados, sendo também calculadas as correlações das imagens-fração da ZSNU resultantes do uso no MLME dos valores médio e mediano das assinaturas espectrais mais similares. Os valores medianos dessas assinaturas espectrais produziram as imagens-fração da ZSNU mais correlacionadas, que tiveram uma precisão global de classificação média (PGCM) de 95,6% e 97,3%, nas imagens de primavera e outono, respectivamente (amplitude de classes de 0,1), e uma PGCM de 72,6% nas imagens de verão (amplitude de classes de 0,2). Essas assinaturas espectrais medianas foram então usadas no MLME para estimar, com esses níveis de precisão global, a intensidade e extensão da ZSNU na PA, pelo uso de imagens calibradas SSM/I e SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer), possibilitando assim a análise diária e em nível subpixel dessa fácie superficial, de 1978 a 2008. Na análise espacial das imagens-fração da ZSNU estimadas, observou-se que o derretimento superficial médio começava no final de outubro e terminava no final de março, com auge em 7 de janeiro (cerca de 172.237 km2 ou 31,6% da área da PA). A área total mediana da ZSNU no verão foi de aproximadamente 105.100 km2. A análise de regressão com as imagens-fração dos verões entre 1978-1979 a 2007-2008 revelou a tendência de redução da área da ZSNU, totalizando 330,854 km2 nesse período. Todavia, essa tendência não é estatisticamente significante, devido à alta variabilidade interanual da área da ZSNU na PA. Forte derretimento superficial ocorreu nos verões de 1984-1985 (176.507,289 km2) e 1989-1990 (172.681,867 km2), enquanto fraco derretimento, nos verões de 1993-1994 (26.392,208 km2) e 1981-1982 (23.244,341 km2). O mais persistente e intenso derretimento superficial foi observado nas plataformas de gelo Larsen, Wilkins, George VI e Wordie e isto foi relacionado com os eventos de fragmentação e desintegração dessas massas de gelo, ocorridos nas últimas décadas. O derretimento superficial está intimamente relacionado com a estabilidade do sistema glacial antártico e com mudanças no nível médio dos mares. Esse poderia ser monitorado em toda a Antártica, por meio da análise subpixel de imagens SMMR e SSM/I proposta neste estudo. / Special Sensor Microwave-Imager (SSM/I) EASE-grid data and classified ASAR wideswath (WS) images, covering the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), were processed and used in a Spectral Linear Mixing Model (SLMM) for a subpixel analysis of the Wet Snow Zone (WSZ) in SSM/I images. The components’ proportions (fraction images) of the endmembers in the study area, namely WSZ, Dry Snow Zone and rock outcrops, were derived from classified ASAR images. These fraction images and co-registered SSM/I images (bands 19H, 19V, 37H and 37V), acquired on the same date, were used in the SLMM to estimate the unknown spectral signatures (i.e., brightness temperature on each SSM/I band). These spectral signatures were used to estimate WSZ fraction images, which were compared with the ASAR fraction images, by calculating the correlation coefficients. This work identified two spectral signatures that produced the most correlated data, and determined the WSZ fraction images correlations resulting from the use, in the SLMM, of the mean and median values of the most similar spectral signatures. The median values of these spectral signatures produced the most correlated WSZ fraction images, which had an average overall classification accuracy (AOCA) of 95.6% and 97.3% for spring and autumn fraction images, respectively (class range of 0.1), and an AOCA of 72.6% for summer fraction images (class range of 0.2). These median spectral signatures were then used in a SLMM to estimate accurately the WSZ intensity and its extension on the AP, by using calibrated SSM/I and SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) imageries, allowing a daily subpixel analysis of this glacier facie on the AP from 1978 to 2008. Based on the spatial analysis of the WSZ fraction images, it was observed that melt primarily takes place in late October and ends in late March, with peak on January 7th (about 172,237 km2 or 31,6% of the AP area). The WSZ median total area in summer was about 105,100 km2. Regression analysis over the 1978-1979 to 2007-2008 summers, revealed a negative interanual trend in surface melt of 330.854 km2. Nevertheless, this trend inference is not statistically significant, due to the high WSZ interanual variability. Extremely high melt occurred in the 1984-1985 (176,507.289 km2) and 1989-1990 (172,681.867 km2) summers, while extremely weak melt occurred in the 1993-1994 (26,392.208 km2) and 1981-1982 (23,244.341 km2) summers. The most persistent and intensive melt was observed on Larsen, Wilkins, George VI and Wordie ice shelves and it was related to the break-up and disintegration events that occurred on these glaciers in the last decades. Surface melting is closely related to the stability of the Antarctic glacial system and global sea level changes. It could be monitored for the whole Antarctica, by using the WSZ subpixel analysis in SMMR and SSM/I imageries proposed by this study.