Introdução: Esse estudo foi realizado em área periurbana carente do Município de Guarulhos, SP, que passa por intensa ocupação e necessita de serviços urbanos como saneamento. A localidade é atendida pela Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio São Jorge que conta com o Programa Saúde da Família. Objetivos: Associar as condições de acesso da população aos serviços de saneamento e a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas em crianças. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal e ecológico, cujas informações provêm das fichas de acompanhamento das 817 crianças da localidade (Ficha C) e fichas de cadastro (Ficha A) das respectivas famílias (728). A ocorrência de diarréia em crianças de 0 a 2 anos foi associada às variáveis ambientais: existência de tratamento domiciliar de água, tipo de acesso à água, tipo de esgotamento sanitário. As variáveis de condições de saneamento foram correlacionadas à ocorrência de diarréia por micro-área. Resultados: A cobertura de abastecimento de água das famílias é 93,18%, embora a intermitência do serviço seja freqüente. O uso de água de poços simultaneamente à da rede pública é comum na localidade. Das famílias, 63,88% tratam água no domicílio, por meio de cloração, fervura ou filtragem e apenas 42,72% possuem sistema de coleta pública dos esgotos. A variável de interação tipo de moradia construída em outros materiais que não tijolos e destino impróprio de esgoto sanitário apresentou associação no modelo de regressão com a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas (p<0,001). O coeficiente de correlação entre a ocorrência de diarréias e o tratamento de água no domicílio foi - 0,395, confirmando a importância do tratamento de água domiciliar. Foi encontrada relação inversa entre a ocorrência de diarréia e a cobertura de coleta dos esgotos sanitários (-0,337). Os locais não servidos pela rede coletora de esgotos apresentaram maior número de fossas ou de lançamento de esgotos a céu aberto, aumentando a probabilidade de disseminação de agentes patogênicos devido às precárias condições de vida da população. O abastecimento de água não apresentou correlação significativa, pois a maioria das famílias tem sua moradia ligada à rede de abastecimento público de água. Conclusão: Embora seja área periurbana carente, a população tem boa cobertura de abastecimento de água, porém a utilização de água de poço e a intermitência do serviço estão presentes. Sendo assim, o tratamento domiciliar da água se mostrou importante como medida preventiva. Em relação aos esgotos sanitários, recomendam-se medidas como provimento da rede coletora dos esgotos quando possível, ou campanhas para promover o uso correto de fossas sépticas. / Introduction: This study was realized in needed periurban area of the City of Guarulhos, SP, which has intense occupation and lacks of urban services as sanitation. The locality is served by the Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio de São Jorge who is inserted on the Family Health Program. Objectives: To associate conditions of access of population to the services of sanitation and the children’s health conditions. Materials and methods: That’s a transversal and ecological study, whose information come from the files of accompaniment of the 817 children of the locality (Fiche C) and files of register in cadastre (File A) of the respective families (728). The occurrence of diarrhoea disease in children of 0-2 years was associated with these environmental variables: existence of domiciliary water treatment, type of access to the water and type of sanitation. The variables of sanitation conditions had been correlated to the occurrence of diarrhoea disease for micro-area. Results: The covering of water supply of the families is 93.18%; even so the intermittent of this service is frequent. It is common the use of water of wells simultaneously to the public supplying. The families, 63.88% deal with water in the domicile, by means of chlorine, boil or filtering and only 42.72% possesses system of sewers public collection. The interaction variable type of housing constructed in other materials that bricks and improper destination of sanitary sewer are associated in the model of regression with the occurrence of diarrhoea in young children (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient among the occurrence of diarrhoea disease and the water treatment in the domicile was -0.395, confirming the importance of the domiciliary water treatment. It was found inverse relation between occurrence of diarrhoea disease in young children and the covering of collection of the sanitary sewers (-0.337). The places not served by public sewers collecting, have shown a bigger number of pits or throwing in open air increasing the probability of dissemination of pathogenic agents due the precarious life conditions of the population. The water supply did not present significant correlation; therefore the majority of the families are served by public water supplying. Conclusion: Although been a needed periurban area, the population has good covering of water supply; however the well water used and the intermittent of service are present. The domiciliary treatment of water is showed important as prevention. In relation to sanitary sewers, are recommended measured as provisions of the collecting net of sewers when possible, or campaigns to promote the correct use of septic pits.

Introdução: Esse estudo foi realizado em área periurbana carente do Município de Guarulhos, SP, que passa por intensa ocupação e necessita de serviços urbanos como saneamento. A localidade é atendida pela Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio São Jorge que conta com o Programa Saúde da Família. Objetivos: Associar as condições de acesso da população aos serviços de saneamento e a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas em crianças. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal e ecológico, cujas informações provêm das fichas de acompanhamento das 817 crianças da localidade (Ficha C) e fichas de cadastro (Ficha A) das respectivas famílias (728). A ocorrência de diarréia em crianças de 0 a 2 anos foi associada às variáveis ambientais: existência de tratamento domiciliar de água, tipo de acesso à água, tipo de esgotamento sanitário. As variáveis de condições de saneamento foram correlacionadas à ocorrência de diarréia por micro-área. Resultados: A cobertura de abastecimento de água das famílias é 93,18%, embora a intermitência do serviço seja freqüente. O uso de água de poços simultaneamente à da rede pública é comum na localidade. Das famílias, 63,88% tratam água no domicílio, por meio de cloração, fervura ou filtragem e apenas 42,72% possuem sistema de coleta pública dos esgotos. A variável de interação tipo de moradia construída em outros materiais que não tijolos e destino impróprio de esgoto sanitário apresentou associação no modelo de regressão com a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas (p<0,001). O coeficiente de correlação entre a ocorrência de diarréias e o tratamento de água no domicílio foi - 0,395, confirmando a importância do tratamento de água domiciliar. Foi encontrada relação inversa entre a ocorrência de diarréia e a cobertura de coleta dos esgotos sanitários (-0,337). Os locais não servidos pela rede coletora de esgotos apresentaram maior número de fossas ou de lançamento de esgotos a céu aberto, aumentando a probabilidade de disseminação de agentes patogênicos devido às precárias condições de vida da população. O abastecimento de água não apresentou correlação significativa, pois a maioria das famílias tem sua moradia ligada à rede de abastecimento público de água. Conclusão: Embora seja área periurbana carente, a população tem boa cobertura de abastecimento de água, porém a utilização de água de poço e a intermitência do serviço estão presentes. Sendo assim, o tratamento domiciliar da água se mostrou importante como medida preventiva. Em relação aos esgotos sanitários, recomendam-se medidas como provimento da rede coletora dos esgotos quando possível, ou campanhas para promover o uso correto de fossas sépticas. / Introduction: This study was realized in needed periurban area of the City of Guarulhos, SP, which has intense occupation and lacks of urban services as sanitation. The locality is served by the Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio de São Jorge who is inserted on the Family Health Program. Objectives: To associate conditions of access of population to the services of sanitation and the children’s health conditions. Materials and methods: That’s a transversal and ecological study, whose information come from the files of accompaniment of the 817 children of the locality (Fiche C) and files of register in cadastre (File A) of the respective families (728). The occurrence of diarrhoea disease in children of 0-2 years was associated with these environmental variables: existence of domiciliary water treatment, type of access to the water and type of sanitation. The variables of sanitation conditions had been correlated to the occurrence of diarrhoea disease for micro-area. Results: The covering of water supply of the families is 93.18%; even so the intermittent of this service is frequent. It is common the use of water of wells simultaneously to the public supplying. The families, 63.88% deal with water in the domicile, by means of chlorine, boil or filtering and only 42.72% possesses system of sewers public collection. The interaction variable type of housing constructed in other materials that bricks and improper destination of sanitary sewer are associated in the model of regression with the occurrence of diarrhoea in young children (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient among the occurrence of diarrhoea disease and the water treatment in the domicile was -0.395, confirming the importance of the domiciliary water treatment. It was found inverse relation between occurrence of diarrhoea disease in young children and the covering of collection of the sanitary sewers (-0.337). The places not served by public sewers collecting, have shown a bigger number of pits or throwing in open air increasing the probability of dissemination of pathogenic agents due the precarious life conditions of the population. The water supply did not present significant correlation; therefore the majority of the families are served by public water supplying. Conclusion: Although been a needed periurban area, the population has good covering of water supply; however the well water used and the intermittent of service are present. The domiciliary treatment of water is showed important as prevention. In relation to sanitary sewers, are recommended measured as provisions of the collecting net of sewers when possible, or campaigns to promote the correct use of septic pits.

Dans un contexte d’urbanisation galopante, l’étude des enjeux des mutations et des recompositions du foncier autour de Bamako (Mali) laisse transparaître des transformations importantes du foncier et permet d’appréhender les inégalités d’accès et les contraintes auxquelles les populations rurales sont confrontées. La forte croissance démographique constatée dans les villes aussi bien que dans les communes périphériques, est source de profondes mutations foncières et d’enjeux importants. Ces espaces sont affectés par de rapides et multiples transformations dans un contexte de décentralisation favorisé par un libéralisme économique depuis l’avènement de la démocratie. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des mutations du foncier agricole et de leur rôle dans l’approvisionnement de la ville de Bamako. A travers les enquêtes basées sur l’observation sur le terrain, l’enquête par questionnaire et celle par entretien, la thèse se propose ainsi d’analyser les enjeux fonciers, les acteurs du jeu foncier, le rôle du péri urbain dans l’approvisionnement de la ville, les conflits engendrés afin de mieux comprendre les mutations et les recompositions foncières dans les espaces péri urbains. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent que la ville de Bamako qui connaît une urbanisation rapide entretient des relations réciproques et complémentaires avec les communes rurales péri-urbaines. Nous partons des usages du foncier agricole péri urbain dans quatre collectivités territoriales de Baguinéda, Sanankoroba, Kambila et N’Gabacoro Droit, pour y étudier l’évolution du foncier périurbain, ses mutations, les stratégies et les pratiques des acteurs dans le processus d’accaparement foncier. Cette situation est l’une des causes des conflits fonciers impliquant de nombreux acteurs (l’État, les autorités coutumières, les paysans, les citadins et les ruraux, lesparticuliers) et auxquels des solutions définitives doivent être trouvées. Cette thèse s’attache à analyser les mutations foncières dans les espaces péri urbains de Bamako et les enjeux qui en découlent. / In an uncontrolled urbanization context, the study of issues, mutations and reconstructions of land around Bamako (Mali) shows major transformations of land and allows us to understand the inequalities of access and constraints that rural people face. The high demographic growth recorded in cities as well as in peripheral towns, is a source of deep land transfers and important issues. These areas affected by rapid and multiple transformations in the context of decentralization is favored by economic liberalism since the advent of democracy. The main objective of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of agricultural land changes and their role in the supply of the city of Bamako. Through investigations based on field observation, questionnaire survey and interviews, the thesis is thus to analyze land issues, the different participants in the land transfer process, the peri urban role in supplying the city, the conflicts generated, to better understand the changes and the land reconstructions in periurban areas. The results of the study reveal that the city of Bamako, having a rapid urbanization, develops reciprocal and complementary relationship with rural peri urban suburbs. We start from the agricultural peri-urban land uses in four local authorities Baguinéda, Sanankoroba Kambila and N'Gabacoro Droit, to study the evolution of suburban land, its mutations, the actors’ strategies and practices in land grabbing process. This is one of the causes of land conflicts involving many actors (the State, customary communities, farmers, rural citizens, individuals), to what, permanent solutions must be found. This thesis aims at analyzing the land transfers in the urban areas of Bamako and the issues that stem from them.

L’objectif de la thèse est, tout d’abord, d’identifier et caractériser la trajectoire spatio-temporelle d’un petit cours d’eau périurbain de faible énergie, à travers l’exemple francilien de la Mérantaise (Essonne-Yvelines). Ces objets d’étude sont, en effet, trop souvent négligés par la communauté scientifique alors même que les enjeux environnementaux de restauration et de préservation écologique, préconisés depuis plusieurs décennies par la DCE, y sont importants (impacts de l’urbanisation et des aménagements anciens). Une approche croisée géohistorique et hydromorphologique a permis de reconstituerl’évolution passée et actuelle de la rivière : la vallée a été fortement aménagée depuis le Moyen-Âge par des équipements hydrauliques modestes mais ayant affecté plus de 80% du linéaire. Les moulins à eau ont été abandonnés au cours du 20ème siècle, libérant partiellement le chenal. Désormais, la trajectoire actuelle, marquée par des ajustements morphologiques significatifs récents, est moins commandée par les aménagements anciens que par les pressions anthropiques actuelles qui touchent le bassin versant(urbanisation, réseau de transports et de drainage, intensification de l’agriculture). Enfin, cette thèse est également l’occasion de s’interroger sur le caractère écologiquement pertinent et hydromorphologiquement durable des travaux de restauration des milieux aquatiques. Ce travail doctoral propose, par ailleurs, de considérer les opérations de restauration comme de nouveaux équipements de la rivière répondant à des besoins socio-politiques nouveaux et participants pleinement de la trajectoire fonctionnelle de la rivière. / The objective of this research is, first of all, to identify and characterize the spatio-temporal trajectory of a small low energy periurban river, through the example of the Merantaise River located in the Seine Basin. These objects of investigation are too often neglected by the scientific community even though the environmental issues of ecological restoration politics, advocated for several decades by the WFD, are important (impacts of urbanization and ancient watermills). An interdisciplinary geohistorical and hydromorphological approach allowed to reconstruct the past and present evolution of the river: the valley has been heavily developed since the Middle-Ages by modest hydraulic equipment but has beenaffected on more than 80% of the channel. Water mills were abandoned during the 20th century, partially clearing the channel. Nowadays, the current trajectory is marked by recent significant morphological adjustments and is less controlled by old hydraulical structures than by current anthropogenic pressures affecting the watershed (urbanization, transport and drainage network, intensification of agriculture). Finally, this thesis is also an opportunity to question the ecologically relevant and hydromorphologically sustainable nature of ecological restoration. This doctoral work also proposes to consider restoration operations as new river facilities responding to new socio-political needs and fully participating of the river's functional trajectory.

Em muitas cidades e centros urbanos de países em desenvolvimento, a expansão da urbanização é acompanhada pelo aumento da pobreza urbana, segregação socioespacial, degradação ambiental, dentre outros elementos que têm se configurado como desafios à gestão urbana. Diante desse cenário, tem-se destacado a Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana (AUP) como uma estratégia que auxilia em situações de exclusão social e insegurança alimentar de famílias pobres, bem como uma atividade capaz de melhorar a qualidade ambiental das cidades onde é desenvolvida. Recentemente, políticas públicas e outras ações voltam-se à AUP em São Paulo, buscando o desenvolvimento dessa atividade. O município conta com mais de 440 unidades de produção agropecuárias (UPAs), localizados principalmente nas zonas norte, leste e sul, ocupando uma área aproximada de 5.000 hectares. No entanto, ainda são poucas as informações sistematizadas sobre as características da atividade agrícola e dos produtores urbanos e periurbanos paulistanos. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa buscou evidenciar os atributos da AUP praticada em São Paulo, destacando elementos das UPAs e aspectos socioeconômicos dos agricultores, levantados por meio da análise documental, sobretudo a tabulação e análise de 402 questionários aplicados pelo poder local, e entrevistas com atores-chave. Além disso, selecionamos duas UPAs para avaliar a sustentabilidade desses agroecossistemas, a partir de elementos extraídos do marco metodológico MESMIS. Os resultados indicam que as práticas agropecuárias que ocorrem no território municipal são bastante heterogêneas e parte delas ainda desconhecidas. As UPAs que estão, em sua maioria, em áreas periféricas do município tem grande potencial em desempenhar funções sociais e ambientais, além de produtivos. Entretanto, é necessário que a abrangência das políticas públicas e ações do poder local seja ampliada, fortalecendo a AUP realizada no município. / In many cities and towns in developing countries, the expansion of urbanization is accompanied by an increase in urban poverty, socio-spatial segregation, environmental degradation, among other elements that are characterized as challenges to urban management. Given this scenario, it has been highlighted and Peri-Urban Agriculture (UPA) as a strategy that helps in situations of social exclusion and food insecurity of poor households, as well as an activity that can improve the environmental quality of cities where it is developed. Recently, public policy and other actions back to the AUP in São Paulo, seeking the development of this activity. The city has more than 440 agricultural production units (APUs), mainly located in areas north, east and south, covering an area of approximately 5,000 hectares. However, there are few systematic information on the characteristics of agriculture and urban and peri-urban producers. Thus, the present study sought to highlight the attributes of UPA practiced in Sao Paulo, highlighting elements of APUs and socioeconomic aspects of farmers, raised through documentary analysis, especially the tabulation and analysis of 402 questionnaires administered by local, and interviews with key actors. In addition, two APUs selected to assess the sustainability of these agroecosystems, from elements extracted from the methodological framework MESMIS. The results indicate that farming practices that occur in the municipal area are very heterogeneous and some of them still unknown. APUs that are mostly in outlying areas of the city has great potential in environmental and social functions, as well as productive. However, it is necessary that the scope of public policies and actions of local power is increased, strengthening the AUP held in the city.

Em muitas cidades e centros urbanos de países em desenvolvimento, a expansão da urbanização é acompanhada pelo aumento da pobreza urbana, segregação socioespacial, degradação ambiental, dentre outros elementos que têm se configurado como desafios à gestão urbana. Diante desse cenário, tem-se destacado a Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana (AUP) como uma estratégia que auxilia em situações de exclusão social e insegurança alimentar de famílias pobres, bem como uma atividade capaz de melhorar a qualidade ambiental das cidades onde é desenvolvida. Recentemente, políticas públicas e outras ações voltam-se à AUP em São Paulo, buscando o desenvolvimento dessa atividade. O município conta com mais de 440 unidades de produção agropecuárias (UPAs), localizados principalmente nas zonas norte, leste e sul, ocupando uma área aproximada de 5.000 hectares. No entanto, ainda são poucas as informações sistematizadas sobre as características da atividade agrícola e dos produtores urbanos e periurbanos paulistanos. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa buscou evidenciar os atributos da AUP praticada em São Paulo, destacando elementos das UPAs e aspectos socioeconômicos dos agricultores, levantados por meio da análise documental, sobretudo a tabulação e análise de 402 questionários aplicados pelo poder local, e entrevistas com atores-chave. Além disso, selecionamos duas UPAs para avaliar a sustentabilidade desses agroecossistemas, a partir de elementos extraídos do marco metodológico MESMIS. Os resultados indicam que as práticas agropecuárias que ocorrem no território municipal são bastante heterogêneas e parte delas ainda desconhecidas. As UPAs que estão, em sua maioria, em áreas periféricas do município tem grande potencial em desempenhar funções sociais e ambientais, além de produtivos. Entretanto, é necessário que a abrangência das políticas públicas e ações do poder local seja ampliada, fortalecendo a AUP realizada no município. / In many cities and towns in developing countries, the expansion of urbanization is accompanied by an increase in urban poverty, socio-spatial segregation, environmental degradation, among other elements that are characterized as challenges to urban management. Given this scenario, it has been highlighted and Peri-Urban Agriculture (UPA) as a strategy that helps in situations of social exclusion and food insecurity of poor households, as well as an activity that can improve the environmental quality of cities where it is developed. Recently, public policy and other actions back to the AUP in São Paulo, seeking the development of this activity. The city has more than 440 agricultural production units (APUs), mainly located in areas north, east and south, covering an area of approximately 5,000 hectares. However, there are few systematic information on the characteristics of agriculture and urban and peri-urban producers. Thus, the present study sought to highlight the attributes of UPA practiced in Sao Paulo, highlighting elements of APUs and socioeconomic aspects of farmers, raised through documentary analysis, especially the tabulation and analysis of 402 questionnaires administered by local, and interviews with key actors. In addition, two APUs selected to assess the sustainability of these agroecosystems, from elements extracted from the methodological framework MESMIS. The results indicate that farming practices that occur in the municipal area are very heterogeneous and some of them still unknown. APUs that are mostly in outlying areas of the city has great potential in environmental and social functions, as well as productive. However, it is necessary that the scope of public policies and actions of local power is increased, strengthening the AUP held in the city.

En France, les espaces boisés périurbains font l'objet d'une forte demande sociale en tant qu'espaces récréatifs. Ces nouvelles demandes sont exprimées notamment par des pratiques renouvelées,sportives ou de ressourcement. De leur côté, les collectivités territoriales ont su aménager de nouveaux espaces forestiers plus proches des villes, très appréciés des habitants. Des usagers ont été interviewés dans les espaces boisés de trois villes moyennes, sur leurs usages et sur la justification de ces pratiques. Cela a permis de préciser des différences entre les espaces boisés suburbains et les forêts domaniales plus vastes mais plus éloignées des villes. De même, on observe l'émergence d’un nouvel usage lié à la santé, tant au niveau des individus qu’au niveau des établissements de soins.Ces nouvelles pratiques conduisent à considérer les espaces forestiers périurbains comme des espaces prophylactiques. / In France and in Europe, periurban forests are subject to high social demands for recreationalpurposes. These demands take the form of frequent visits for sports or rest. Local governmentshave succeeded in creating new wooded parks close to cities that are highly appreciated by thepopulation. A survey was run on visitors to forests around three mid-sized cities, addressingwhat they do in the forests and why. The answers revealed differences between suburban parksand larger national forests located farther from the cities. New approaches targeting health mayalso be observed on the part of both individuals and the health sector. These new approachesindicate the existence of a wellness function in periurban forests.

En Afrique, les métropoles fleurissent sur le continent, avec leur florilège d’espérance et de défis. Le rural est en crise et les taux de croissance urbaine explosent, posant l’inévitable problème de l’alimentation des urbains. L’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine est très présente car elle répond à nombre d’enjeux des villes africaines : elle pourvoit des revenus à despopulations formées aux pratiques agricoles, notamment les migrants; elle fournit des produits alimentaires périssables adaptées aux urbains, en autre des légumes et de la viande ; et elle permet l’aménagement de zones inconstructibles ou périurbaines alors que l’intervention publique est insuffisante dans ce domaine. L’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine des villes du Sud est multifonctionnelle. Cependant elle est peu reconnue par les institutions et rarement incluse dans les plans de développement urbains, ce qui grève son avenir et sa durabilité. La particularité de cette agriculture est d’être en concurrence avec les activités urbaines pour les ressources, notamment pour le foncier. Dans deux villes, Yaoundé et Accra, l’activité agricole trouve sa place dans des espaces spécifiques, des bas-fonds, des open space, des terrains inconstructibles, des jardins et des cours, des parcelles qui attendent d’être construites, des villages périurbains menacés, etc. Elle se déploie sur des espaces intermédiaires, entre le rural et l’urbain, entre le droit coutumier et le droit légal, entre la tradition et la modernité. En fonction de l’âge, du genre et de la position dans la hiérarchie coutumière etfamiliale, les droits sont différents, que ce soit pour cultiver, pour prêter ou louer ou pour vendre, sans oublier les procédures légales qui octroient un titre foncier. Les stratégies de production dépendent grandement de l’accès au foncier et contrairement à ce qui se passe généralement en milieu rural, ce ne sont pas forcément ceux qui ont le plus de sécuritéfoncière qui sont le plus innovants. / In sub-saharan Africa, metropolises propser bringing chanllenges and hope. The rural regions are in crisis and the rates of urban growth explode, raising the inevitable problem of the food supply of the urban population. The urban and periurban agriculture is very present because she answers number of issues of the African cities: it provides income to agricultural populations, in particular the migrants; it supplies perishable foodstuffs adapted to the urban market, like vegetables and meat; and it allows the development of unbuildable or periurban zones while the public intervention is insufficient inthis domain. The urban and periurban agriculture in the South is multifunctional. However it is little recognized by institutions and rarely included in the urban plans of development, what burdens its future and its durability. The peculiarity of this agriculture is to be in competition with the urban activities for the resources, in particular for the land. In two cities, Yaounde and Accra, the agricultural activity tooks place in specific spaces, shoals, open space, unbuildable grounds, gardens andbackyards, plots of land which wait to be built, threatened periurban villages, etc. It deploys on intermediate spaces, between the rural and the urban, between the common law and the legal right, between the tradition and the modernity.According to the age, to the genre and to the position in the customary and family hierarchy, the rights are different, whether it is to cultivate, to give or rent or to sell, without forgetting the legal procedures which grant a land title. The strategies of production depend largely on the access to the land and contrary to what takes place generally in rural areas, it are not necessarily the ones which have most land security which are the most innovative.

Cette thèse analyse les modes d’habiter périurbains au travers des projets de promoteurs immobiliers des années 1960-1970 au Québec et en France. En effet, les promoteurs de Bromont et l’Estérel au Québec et des Cottages-de-Cernay et de Port-Sud en France se sont emparés de l’idéologie de la société des loisirs pour concevoir des ensembles résidentiels périurbains. Le recul historique sur cette conception urbanistique d’un habiter périurbain offre la possibilité d’une comparaison à la fois synchronique et diachronique des modalités d’appropriation habitantes de ces ensembles résidentiels sur la période 1960-2010. L’analyse de cette appropriation habitante du périurbain est inspirée du cadre conceptuel et de la méthode régressive progressive d’Henri Lefebvre (1974). Selon ce cadre théorique, l’appropriation est définie comme un processus conflictuel entre l’idéologie de l’espace conçue par les promoteurs et les représentations des habitants mais aussi comme rapports conflictuels entre les différentes modalités d’habiter ces espaces par les habitants. Cette recherche s’appuie sur trois types de sources: des entretiens, des articles de journaux et des archives. Les résultats montrent que les promoteurs ont échoué à concevoir un mode d’habiter spécifique au niveau de leur projet urbanistique. Elle détaille le jeu complexe d’alliances et d’oppositions sociales et politiques en faveur d’adhésion, de rejet et/ ou de détournement habitant de conceptions des formes périurbaines des années 1960-1970. Elle apporte de ce fait, un regard novateur sur les processus de différenciation des espaces périurbains observés depuis les années 2010 en France et au Québec. / This thesis analyzes peri-urban living patterns through real estate developer projects from the 1960-1970s in Quebec and France. In fact, developers of Bromont and Estérel in Quebec and Cottages-de-Cernay and Port-Sud in France seize on the ideology of the leisure society to design peri-urban residential complexes. The historical retreat on this urbanistic conception of a periurban inhabitant offers the possibility of a synchronic and diachronic comparison of the appropriation of these residential complexes over the period 1960-2010. The analysis of appropriation is inspired by the conceptual framework and the progressive regressive method of Henri Lefebvre (1974). According to this theoretical framework, the appropriation is defined as a conflictual process between the ideology of the space conceived by the developers and the representations of the inhabitants but also as conflicting relations between the different ways of living these spaces by the inhabitants.This research is based on three types of sources: interviews, newspaper articles and archives. This thesis shows that developers have failed to design a specific way of living that adequately represented their urban project. The research details the complex game of social and political alliances and oppositions in favor of commitment, rejection and / or diversion by the inhabitants in relation to the conception of peri-urban forms of the years 1960-1970. As a result, this thesis provides an innovative view of the different trajectories of peri-urban areas observed since 2010 in France and Quebec.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6186841 bytes, checksum: 6139f45034bbb43bcc646b2bcd4b8280 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to analyze the production of Gervásio Maia Housing Estate in the peripherals space of João Pessoa. This Housing Estate was constructed in 2006 to house the population living in camps and slums in the city. Located in Gramame, peripheral area in the south of the city, this housing estate is a consequence of the Brazilian housing politic focused on low-income population. The survey was based on literature search, data collection in government institutions, as well as interviews using a questionnaire in 302 housing units. It is a qualitative, descriptive and interpretative search. Initially recovers the history of housing politic in João Pessoa and the process of urban expansion toward periphery directed by the interests of the State and the housing market. In a second moment, we consider how the production of popular housing is being done in the city, highlighting Gervasio Maia Housing Estate and at last it is shown the conditions of the houses and the life conditions of the population that lives there. The research shows that the increase of areas of popular housing, in great part, in poor peripherals neighborhoods, contributes to the valorization process of urban land, with the selectivity of the spaces and the formation of a socially segmented city. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar a produção do Conjunto Habitacional Gervásio Maia no espaço periférico da cidade de João Pessoa. O mesmo foi construído no ano de 2006, para abrigar a população que vivia em acampamentos e em favelas na cidade. Situado no bairro de Gramame, área periférica sul da cidade, esse conjunto habitacional resulta da política habitacional brasileira, voltada para a população de baixa renda. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento de dados em instituições governamentais, bem como de entrevistas utilizando-se questionário em 302 unidades habitacionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e interpretativa. Inicialmente recupera-se a história da política habitacional em João Pessoa e o processo de expansão urbana, em direção à periferia, dirigida pelos interesses do Estado e do mercado imobiliário. Em um segundo momento, analisa-se como vem se dando a produção da habitação popular na cidade, destacando-se o Conjunto Habitacional Gervásio Maia, e por último mostra-se quais as condições das edificações e o quadro das condições de vida da população aí residente. A pesquisa revela que o aumento de áreas destinadas à habitação popular, em grande parte, em bairros pobres periféricos, contribui com o processo de valorização do solo urbano, com a seletividade dos espaços e com a formação de uma cidade socialmente segmentada.