<p>Det finns mycket lite forskning gjord kring vilken form av hjälp överviktiga vill ha och var de kan tänkas vilja söka hjälp för att komma till rätta med sin vikt. För att hälsopedagoger och närbesläktade yrkesgrupper ska kunna genomföra riktade interventioner mot övervikt är det betydelsefullt att de har kännedom om överviktigas önskningar. Avsikten med studien är att utreda överviktigas önskemål om hjälpform och behov av hjälpkanaler för att tydliggöra hur riktade viktinterventioner lämpligen bör utformas för att bli effektiva och på individens egna villkor. En kvantitativ enkätstudie har genomförts där resultaten jämförts för att skapa tillämpliga data till analysen. Undersökningen visar att överviktiga framför allt vill ha kostråd, råd om fysisk aktivitet och stöd i form av coachning. För att få hjälp med sin vikt väljer de främst att vända sig till ett gym eller annan träningsanläggning men även Viktväktarna är relativt populära. Minst önskvärt var information om risker med över-/undervikt och ur risksynpunkt är det positivt är att ingen ville operera sig samt att få ville ha medicinsk behandling. Målgruppsanpassning av interventioner är viktigt och sker lämpligast på gruppnivå för de med kraftigare övervikt, övriga kan med fördel behandlas enskilt. Det kan även vara betydelsefullt att integrera utomstående aktörer som exempelvis träningsanläggningar eller dietist under coachningsfasen av interventionen.</p> / <p> </p><p>Little is known about the kind of help individuals with overweight problems would like to have, and where they may look for help for these problems. In order to implement targeted interventions against overweight it is important for health promoters and related professional groups to be and become aware of these needs. The purpose of this study is to shed light on overweight people's needs and what kind of support they prefer, in order to elucidate how targeted weight interventions should be set up to meet the demands of these persons. A quantitative survey study was conducted and the results were compiled to generate relevant data for the analysis. This survey points out that people with overweight problems above all want to have dietary advice, advice about physical activity and support in the form of coaching. Of least interest were information about the health risks connected with weight problems and direct medical treatment. In order to get help with their weight most people choose to visit a gym or some other exercise facility, however, also Weightwatchers is a relatively popular option. Adaptation of the intervention to the single- or type of group of individuals is very important. This was found to be strongly preferred by persons with more considerable overweight as well as in such groups. The conclusion is also that it is of great importance that various views and professionals are integrated in the handling process during the treatment period.</p>

Despite the benefits of physical activity for older adults, many residents living in long-term care homes (LTC) are relatively inactive. Previous research has revealed barriers to physical activity at the resident-level, organizational, and environmental level. However, little attention has been paid to other factors influencing physical activity within the broader institutional complex. The goal of this study was to uncover how the work of personal support workers (PSWs) related to the promotion of physical activity was socially organized. Institutional Ethnography (IE), developed by Dorothy Smith, guided this study. Smith proposed that peoples’ everyday experiences in local settings are organized, often unknowingly, by the actions of people located outside of the local setting and that this organization is textually-mediated. Two LTC homes in Ontario participated in this study. I began data collection by observing PSWs as they went about their work. Next, I interviewed PSWs and other people located inside (e.g. nurses, managers) and outside the LTC homes (e.g. representatives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Lastly, I collected texts that organized the PSWs’ work, such as Ministry standards. The findings revealed that although the MOHLTC standards were viewed as producing something “good” for the residents, some of the standards disrupted the PSWs’ work, which made it challenging for them to support daily physical activity. The promotion of physical activity was seen as an additional program that happened a few times per week and it was parceled out as a professional activity that was socially organized “out” of the PSW role. The findings suggest that local solutions are needed. A good starting point would be to go and talk to PSWs and residents to determine what type of assignments would permit the incorporation of physical activity into daily care. To embed the promotion of physical activity into daily care, a major rethink and reorganization of PSWs work will be needed, including a greater investment in human and material supports for PSWs.

Despite the benefits of physical activity for older adults, many residents living in long-term care homes (LTC) are relatively inactive. Previous research has revealed barriers to physical activity at the resident-level, organizational, and environmental level. However, little attention has been paid to other factors influencing physical activity within the broader institutional complex. The goal of this study was to uncover how the work of personal support workers (PSWs) related to the promotion of physical activity was socially organized. Institutional Ethnography (IE), developed by Dorothy Smith, guided this study. Smith proposed that peoples’ everyday experiences in local settings are organized, often unknowingly, by the actions of people located outside of the local setting and that this organization is textually-mediated. Two LTC homes in Ontario participated in this study. I began data collection by observing PSWs as they went about their work. Next, I interviewed PSWs and other people located inside (e.g. nurses, managers) and outside the LTC homes (e.g. representatives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Lastly, I collected texts that organized the PSWs’ work, such as Ministry standards. The findings revealed that although the MOHLTC standards were viewed as producing something “good” for the residents, some of the standards disrupted the PSWs’ work, which made it challenging for them to support daily physical activity. The promotion of physical activity was seen as an additional program that happened a few times per week and it was parceled out as a professional activity that was socially organized “out” of the PSW role. The findings suggest that local solutions are needed. A good starting point would be to go and talk to PSWs and residents to determine what type of assignments would permit the incorporation of physical activity into daily care. To embed the promotion of physical activity into daily care, a major rethink and reorganization of PSWs work will be needed, including a greater investment in human and material supports for PSWs.

Det finns mycket lite forskning gjord kring vilken form av hjälp överviktiga vill ha och var de kan tänkas vilja söka hjälp för att komma till rätta med sin vikt. För att hälsopedagoger och närbesläktade yrkesgrupper ska kunna genomföra riktade interventioner mot övervikt är det betydelsefullt att de har kännedom om överviktigas önskningar. Avsikten med studien är att utreda överviktigas önskemål om hjälpform och behov av hjälpkanaler för att tydliggöra hur riktade viktinterventioner lämpligen bör utformas för att bli effektiva och på individens egna villkor. En kvantitativ enkätstudie har genomförts där resultaten jämförts för att skapa tillämpliga data till analysen. Undersökningen visar att överviktiga framför allt vill ha kostråd, råd om fysisk aktivitet och stöd i form av coachning. För att få hjälp med sin vikt väljer de främst att vända sig till ett gym eller annan träningsanläggning men även Viktväktarna är relativt populära. Minst önskvärt var information om risker med över-/undervikt och ur risksynpunkt är det positivt är att ingen ville operera sig samt att få ville ha medicinsk behandling. Målgruppsanpassning av interventioner är viktigt och sker lämpligast på gruppnivå för de med kraftigare övervikt, övriga kan med fördel behandlas enskilt. Det kan även vara betydelsefullt att integrera utomstående aktörer som exempelvis träningsanläggningar eller dietist under coachningsfasen av interventionen. / Little is known about the kind of help individuals with overweight problems would like to have, and where they may look for help for these problems. In order to implement targeted interventions against overweight it is important for health promoters and related professional groups to be and become aware of these needs. The purpose of this study is to shed light on overweight people's needs and what kind of support they prefer, in order to elucidate how targeted weight interventions should be set up to meet the demands of these persons. A quantitative survey study was conducted and the results were compiled to generate relevant data for the analysis. This survey points out that people with overweight problems above all want to have dietary advice, advice about physical activity and support in the form of coaching. Of least interest were information about the health risks connected with weight problems and direct medical treatment. In order to get help with their weight most people choose to visit a gym or some other exercise facility, however, also Weightwatchers is a relatively popular option. Adaptation of the intervention to the single- or type of group of individuals is very important. This was found to be strongly preferred by persons with more considerable overweight as well as in such groups. The conclusion is also that it is of great importance that various views and professionals are integrated in the handling process during the treatment period.

Despite the benefits of physical activity for older adults, many residents living in long-term care homes (LTC) are relatively inactive. Previous research has revealed barriers to physical activity at the resident-level, organizational, and environmental level. However, little attention has been paid to other factors influencing physical activity within the broader institutional complex. The goal of this study was to uncover how the work of personal support workers (PSWs) related to the promotion of physical activity was socially organized. Institutional Ethnography (IE), developed by Dorothy Smith, guided this study. Smith proposed that peoples’ everyday experiences in local settings are organized, often unknowingly, by the actions of people located outside of the local setting and that this organization is textually-mediated. Two LTC homes in Ontario participated in this study. I began data collection by observing PSWs as they went about their work. Next, I interviewed PSWs and other people located inside (e.g. nurses, managers) and outside the LTC homes (e.g. representatives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Lastly, I collected texts that organized the PSWs’ work, such as Ministry standards. The findings revealed that although the MOHLTC standards were viewed as producing something “good” for the residents, some of the standards disrupted the PSWs’ work, which made it challenging for them to support daily physical activity. The promotion of physical activity was seen as an additional program that happened a few times per week and it was parceled out as a professional activity that was socially organized “out” of the PSW role. The findings suggest that local solutions are needed. A good starting point would be to go and talk to PSWs and residents to determine what type of assignments would permit the incorporation of physical activity into daily care. To embed the promotion of physical activity into daily care, a major rethink and reorganization of PSWs work will be needed, including a greater investment in human and material supports for PSWs.

Despite the benefits of physical activity for older adults, many residents living in long-term care homes (LTC) are relatively inactive. Previous research has revealed barriers to physical activity at the resident-level, organizational, and environmental level. However, little attention has been paid to other factors influencing physical activity within the broader institutional complex. The goal of this study was to uncover how the work of personal support workers (PSWs) related to the promotion of physical activity was socially organized. Institutional Ethnography (IE), developed by Dorothy Smith, guided this study. Smith proposed that peoples’ everyday experiences in local settings are organized, often unknowingly, by the actions of people located outside of the local setting and that this organization is textually-mediated. Two LTC homes in Ontario participated in this study. I began data collection by observing PSWs as they went about their work. Next, I interviewed PSWs and other people located inside (e.g. nurses, managers) and outside the LTC homes (e.g. representatives from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). Lastly, I collected texts that organized the PSWs’ work, such as Ministry standards. The findings revealed that although the MOHLTC standards were viewed as producing something “good” for the residents, some of the standards disrupted the PSWs’ work, which made it challenging for them to support daily physical activity. The promotion of physical activity was seen as an additional program that happened a few times per week and it was parceled out as a professional activity that was socially organized “out” of the PSW role. The findings suggest that local solutions are needed. A good starting point would be to go and talk to PSWs and residents to determine what type of assignments would permit the incorporation of physical activity into daily care. To embed the promotion of physical activity into daily care, a major rethink and reorganization of PSWs work will be needed, including a greater investment in human and material supports for PSWs.

The COVID-19 crisis in Ontario’s long-term care (LTC) sector has brought unprecedented public attention to long-established systematic weaknesses in funding, staffing, and working conditions that have rendered both workers and residents highly vulnerable to infection. This study seeks to understand why unions have been unable to better protect long- term care workers from vulnerability to COVID-19 by exploring the effectiveness and limitations of unionization and assessing the challenges that unions have faced in safeguarding workers. Eight union representatives amongst SEIU, CUPE, and OPSEU were selected as participants for hour-long semi-structured interviews. Interviews were thematically analyzed for challenges to union power as well as workplace attributes related to COVID protection. Twelve collective agreements were examined to assess the relative strength and weakness of clauses relating to health and safety, paid sick leave, disability benefits, wages, and job security in relation to part-time PSWs. Collective agreements offered limited and varying degrees of protection to workers as unions faced constraints in bargaining within a largely privatized sector under the arbitration- based Hospital Labour Disputes Arbitration Act. The ubiquity of precarious, part-time PSW positions was identified as a major risk factor of COVID vulnerability. Unions also faced four challenges to their effectiveness: the structure of bargaining; challenges in member engagement; the neglect of long-term care and privatization of health-care; and labour relations with the Ford government. In addition to legislative reform concerning staffing and funding, this study suggests that unions engage in deeper forms of worker organizing to develop and exercise labour power beyond the legal confines of the strike-prohibiting HLDAA, as job action elsewhere by feminized healthcare workers has been met with public support and contributed to changes in conditions of care and work. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The Healthy People 2010 Objectives for the population of the United States include the objective for women to sustain breastfeeding at a higher rate than they are currently.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) now recommends that all infants be fed human milk for the first year of life instead of the previously recommended first six months of life. Breastfeeding initiation rates are rising, but breastfeeding duration rates continue to fall. It was hypothesized that the support system of the women may play a role in the duration of breastfeeding. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the support system and breastfeeding rates of mothers during the first six weeks after delivery and to determine if income level had an effect on these systems and rates. Mothers were interviewed during their hospitalization for childbirth regarding their perception of their support system currently in place. A questionnaire was administered regarding support from friends, family members, co-workers, and health care professionals and the responses were quantified. Mothers were contacted weekly to determine if breastfeeding was being sustained and who was the most supportive person to them. At the end of six weeks or when breastfeeding was discontinued, the mothers were interviewed a second time to determine if the support system had changed. The results of this study showed that income level affected the duration of breastfeeding and the mother's perception of her support system. Additionally, the results showed that the evaluation of the support system changed only slightly over time. The results showed preliminary ability of the study tool to predict breastfeeding at six weeks by income.This document was created using Microsoft Word 2003. The statistical package used for data analysis was JMP version 6.

Syftet med detta arbete är att studera vilka olika arbetssätt läraren använder för att introducera, befästa och använda nya begrepp i undervisningen i samhällsorienterande ämnen (SO) samt hur undervisningen uppfattas av elever med språkstörningsdiagnos i en klass i årskurs 4. Utifrån ett specialpedagogiskt perspektiv är fokus att hitta arbetssätt som stöder lärandet för elever med språkstörningsdiagnos. I min studie ingår lärarintervju, lektionsobservationer samt två elevintervjuer. Jag analyserade data utifrån Grundad teori. Analysprocessen var uppbyggd av flera steg och mynnade ut i en egen grundad teoretisk modell med utgångspunkt i mitt syfte och mina frågeställningar. Den teoretiska modellen representeras av sex trappsteg, tydlighet, varierade arbetssätt, repetition, progression, förståelse och förmåga att använda ord och begrepp där det personliga stödet utgör förutsättningen - grunden - för att eleverna med språkstörningsdiagnos ska kunna tillgodogöra sig den klassgemensamma undervisningen. Läraren hade samtalet i helklass som stomme i sin undervisning. Hen använde arbetssätt baserade på forskning: tydliga instruktioner uppdelade i steg, visuellt stöd, elevernas tidigare kunskaper och erfarenheter samt vardagsspråk är utgångspunkt, många tillfällen för repetitioner och uppgifter där eleverna får använda de nya orden och begreppen. Eleverna beskrev att de behövde många repetitioner för att ta till sig nya ord och begrepp. De upplevde de största svårigheterna när många nya begrepp presenterades samtidigt och om de själva skulle söka förklaringar i skriven text. Det bästa sättet att ta till sig ny kunskap var att lyssna, gärna i kombination med bilder av olika slag. De var överens om att Ipad var ett bra verktyg som gav möjlighet att lyssna och tala istället för att läsa och skriva. Studien visar på nödvändigheten av funktionella metoder och uppgifter i klassrummet i kombination med extra anpassningar och personligt stöd utifrån elevens individuella behov. / The aim of this work has been to study the methods a teacher practice when introducing, consolidating, and using new concepts in society orientated subjects and how the education was perceived by students with language disorder diagnosis in a class of 4th graders. Based on a special educational perspective, the focus has been to find ways of working that supports the learning of students with language disorder diagnosis. My study includes a teacher interview, lesson observations, as well as two student interviews. I have analyzed the data on the basis of Grounded theory. The several steps of the analytical process have resulted in a theoretical model of my own record, initialized by my purpose and my issues. The theoretical model is represented by six steps: clarity, various approaches, repetition, progression, understanding and the ability to use words and concepts where personal support is the condition - the basis for students with language disorder diagnosis being able to assimilate the class shared teaching. The observed teacher used conversation with the whole class as the foundation of the teaching. The methods were based on research: clear step-by-step instructions, visual aids, students prior knowledge and experience, as well as everyday language as starting point. The teacher also gave many opportunities for rehearsals and tasks where they are allowed to use new words and concepts. Both of the interviewed students stated that they needed many repetitions to absorb new words and concepts. They mostly experienced difficulties, when many new concepts were introduced simultaneously and if they themselves were expected to find the explanations in texts. The best way to absorb new knowledge was to listen, preferable in combinations with images of the various kinds. They agreed that the iPad was a good tool giving the opportunity to listen and speak instead of reading and writing. The study shows the necessity of functional methods and tasks in the classroom combined with extraordinary adaptions and personal support based on the students individual needs.

Due to declining employment in the last few years, employee motivation has become a very real issue in social services. The subject of the diploma's thesis is the analysis of the motivation of workers in social services (personal support workers) in three organizations providing community living for disabled people in the Karlovy Vary region. The theoretical portion of the thesis contains information about motivation, some theories of work motivation and selected theories of human resource management regarding work motivation, plus a section on social services about community living for disabled people and the role of the manager in social services. Within the empirical part of the thesis two goals are met through the methods of mixed research. One goal is to analyze the motivation of workers in social services, which resolved using a questionnaire survey. That research identified factors causing employee satisfaction and factors that motivate employees. The second goal of the thesis is met in form of structured interview to determine how managers in the researched organisations motivated employees. The result of both methods were analyzed and compared. Lastly, recommendations for increasing employee motivation were handed to the participating organizations in the research. The main result of the...