Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-20T19:51:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WALTER ONOFRE GUERRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2010..pdf: 1442017 bytes, checksum: 2700ceda08ac216bfed7a2ae43c575bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T19:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WALTER ONOFRE GUERRA FILHO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2010..pdf: 1442017 bytes, checksum: 2700ceda08ac216bfed7a2ae43c575bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-17 / Atualmente, estima-se que até 72% das mortes ocorridas por causas naturais sejam causadas por doenças crônicas. Estas doenças têm evolução lenta e contínua, e seu tratamento pode durar muitos anos. Em geral, este longo tratamento exige um acompanhamento constante do paciente para ser eficaz. O problema é que o custo deste tipo de tratamento é muito alto. A forma atualmente mais aceita para tentar reduzir estes custos é alterar o paradigma de tratamento atual. Hoje, o paciente é visto como um receptor passivo do tratamento, enquanto neste novo modelo, ele é visto como um importante agente no cuidado de sua própria saúde. Este novo modelo é denominada autogerenciamento. Para que haja o autogerenciamento, o paciente deve usar os sensores recomendados pelos médicos e um dispositivo móvel para capturar estes dados e mostrá-los ao paciente, bem como os enviar ao centro médico. Este trabalho propõe uma infraestrutura baseada em componentes para facilitar a comunicação entre os sensores e as aplicações de nível de usuário do dispositivo móvel. / Nowadays, there are estimates that 72% of all deaths are because of chronic diseases. These diseases have a slow and continuos progression, and it’s treatment can take years. In most cases, the treatment requires a constant monitoring of the patient to be effective. The problem is that the costs of this kind of treatment are very high. The most accepted way to reduce theses costs is to change the care taking paradigm. Now, patient is seen as a passive receptor of the treatment, while in the new paradigm, he is seen as an important agent for he’s own healh. This new paradigm is called self-care. To implement this self-care paradigm, the patient must use the recommended sensors and a mobile device. This mobile device retrives the sensor’s information and show them to the patient, at the same time that sends it to the medical center. In this dissertation, a component-based infrastructure is proposed to make the communication between the sensors and the user-level applications on the mobile device easier.

Στην παρούσα διατριβή προτείνονται Μηχανισμοί Ασφάλειας για την ανάπτυξη ασφαλών και αξιόπιστων διάχυτων υπηρεσιών υγείας πάνω σε Δίκτυα Επόμενης Γενιάς (Next Generation Networks – NGN). Οι προτεινόμενοι Μηχανισμοί Ασφάλειας έχουν ως στόχο να λειτουργήσουν προσθετικά στο επίπεδο ασφάλειας που προσφέρουν οι υπάρχοντες μηχανισμοί ασφάλειας που υποστηρίζονται από το NGN. Αυτό είναι αναγκαίο καθώς οι διάχυτες υπηρεσίες υγείας εμπεριέχουν ιδιαιτέρως ευαίσθητη πληροφορία. Επιπρόσθετα, στην παρούσα διατριβή προτείνεται ένα γενικό πλαίσιο εφαρμογής, το οποίο υποστηρίζει τους προτεινόμενους Μηχανισμούς Ασφάλειας, προκειμένου να επιτυγχάνεται γρήγορη και αποτελεσματική ανάπτυξη ασφαλών και αξιόπιστων διάχυτων υπηρεσιών υγείας πάνω σε NGN. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο βασίζεται στην αρχιτεκτονική του προτύπου ETSI/Parlay και επεκτείνει το σύνολο των Διεπαφών των Χαρακτηριστικών Ικανότητας Υπηρεσίας (Service Capability Features Interfaces – SCFs Interfaces) και το σύνολο των μηχανισμών που υποστηρίζει το Πλαίσιο ETSI/Parlay. Το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο επεκτείνει το σύνολο των Διεπαφών των Χαρακτηριστικών Ικανότητας Υπηρεσίας προκειμένου αυτό να περιλαμβάνει όχι μόνο τις διεπαφές που σχετίζονται με τις υπηρεσίες του υποκείμενου δικτύου (NGN), αλλά και επιπλέον διεπαφές που δίνουν τη δυνατότητα σε διάχυτες υπηρεσίες υγείας να έχουν πρόσβαση σε ικανότητες επαίσθησης (sensing capabilities) δικτύων αισθητήρων που είναι υπεύθυνα για τη συλλογή πληροφορίας περιβάλλοντος καθώς και βιοπληροφορίας. Επίσης, το προτεινόμενο πλαίσιο επεκτείνει το σύνολο των μηχανισμών που υποστηρίζει το Πλαίσιο ETSI/Parlay προκειμένου να είναι δυνατή η παροχή σε διάχυτες υπηρεσίες υγείας όχι μόνο των βασικών μηχανισμών, που υποστηρίζονται από το προτυποποιημένο Πλαίσιο ETSI/Parlay, αλλά και των Μηχανισμών Δικτύων Αισθητήρων καθώς και των Μηχανισμών Ασφάλειας, οι οποίοι προτείνονται στην παρούσα διατριβή. Οι Μηχανισμοί Ασφάλειας, οι οποίοι προτείνονται, στοχεύουν στην παροχή ασφάλειας στα δεδομένα των τελικών χρηστών καθώς και στην ασφαλή πρόσβαση στις διάχυτες υπηρεσίες υγείας και στην ασφαλή χρήση τους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι προτεινόμενοι Μηχανισμοί Ασφάλειας επικεντρώνονται στη διασφάλιση της εμπιστευτικότητας των δεδομένων, της ακεραιότητας των δεδομένων, της πιστοποίησης αυθεντικότητας καθώς και του ελέγχου πρόσβασης των οντοτήτων που συμμετέχουν σε διάχυτες υπηρεσίες υγείας. Για τη διασφάλιση της εμπιστευτικότητας των δεδομένων προτείνεται ένα γενικό σχήμα κρυπτογράφησης. Αυτό το σχήμα επιτρέπει το σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση ασφαλών εξατομικευμένων κρυπτογραφικών αλγορίθμων τμήματος για την κρυπτογράφηση δεδομένων διάχυτων υπηρεσιών υγείας, όπως οι ιατρικοί φάκελοι των ασθενών. Επίσης, προτείνεται ένας μηχανισμός για διασφάλιση της ακεραιότητας των δεδομένων για σύστημα ιατρικής τηλε-παρακολούθησης. Αυτό το σύστημα τηλε-παρακολούθησης λειτουργεί σε περιβάλλον έξυπνου σπιτιού και υποστηρίζει τη μεταφορά βιοσημάτων του ασθενή από τον ασθενή στη Μονάδα Παροχής Υπηρεσιών Υγείας. Επιπρόσθετα, προτείνονται δύο μηχανισμοί για διασφάλιση της πιστοποίησης αυθεντικότητας. Ο πρώτος μηχανισμός είναι ένας ευφυής μηχανισμός πιστοποίησης αυθεντικότητας για εφαρμογές e-Hospital πάνω σε WLAN μέσα σε νοσοκομείο. Ο δεύτερος μηχανισμός είναι ένας μηχανισμός συμφωνίας κλειδιού ομάδας και ανάκτησης σε ad hoc δίκτυα, που χρησιμοποιούνται κατά τη διαχείριση ιατρικών συμβάντων έκτακτης ανάγκης σε περιοχές στις οποίες δεν υπάρχει σταθερή τηλεπικοινωνιακή υποδομή. Τέλος, προτείνεται μία υποδομή PKI σε ένα ιατρικό δίκτυο μεγάλης κλίμακας που συνδέει ένα ευρύ φάσμα από Μονάδες Παροχής Υπηρεσιών Υγείας. Η προτεινόμενη υποδομή PKI εστιάζεται στη διασφάλιση της πιστοποίησης αυθεντικότητας και του ελέγχου πρόσβασης των επαγγελματιών του χώρου της υγείας που επιθυμούν να αποκτήσουν πρόσβαση σε υπηρεσίες που σχετίζονται με αυτούς καθώς και σε υπηρεσίες υγείας που σχετίζονται με τον ασθενή. / In this dissertation, Security Mechanisms are proposed for the development of secure and reliable pervasive healthcare services over Next Generation Networks (NGN). The proposed Security Mechanisms aim at increasing the security level provided by the existing security mechanisms supported by NGN. It is essential since pervasive healthcare services include extremely sensitive information. Furthermore, in this dissertation, a generic application framework is proposed supporting the proposed Security Mechanisms in order the rapid and efficient development of secure and reliable pervasive healthcare services over NGN to be achieved. In particular, the proposed framework is based on the ETSI/Parlay architecture and extends the set of the Service Capability Features Interfaces (SCFs Interfaces) as well as the set of mechanisms supported by the ETSI/Parlay Framework. The proposed framework extends the set of the SCFs Interfaces in order to integrate not only the interfaces related to the services of the underlying network (NGN), but also additional interfaces enabling pervasive healthcare services to access sensing capabilities of sensor networks which are responsible for gathering context and bio information. Moreover, the proposed framework extends the set of mechanisms supported by the ETSI/Parlay Framework to provide pervasive healthcare services not only with the basic mechanisms supported by the standardized ETSI/Parlay Framework, but also with the Sensor Networks Mechanisms and the Security Mechanisms proposed in this dissertation. The proposed Security Mechanisms aim at securing the end-user data as well as the access to the pervasive healthcare services and the use of them. In particular, the proposed Security Mechanisms focus on ensuring data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication and access control of entities participating in pervasive healthcare services. To ensure data confidentiality, a generic encryption schema is proposed. This schema enables the design and implementation of secure personalized block ciphers for encryption of data included in pervasive healthcare services such as patients’ medical records. Moreover, a data integrity mechanism for a tele-monitoring system is proposed. This tele-monitoring system operates in a smart home environment and supports transmission of patient’s biosignals from the patient to the Healthcare Center. Additionally, two authentication mechanisms are proposed. The first mechanism is an intelligent authentication mechanism for e-Hospital applications over WLAN in a hospital. The second mechanism is a group key agreement and recovery mechanism in ad hoc networks used for handling emergency medical incidents in areas without fixed telecommunications infrastructure. Finally, a PKI infrastructure in a large-scale healthcare network connecting a wide spectrum of Healthcare Centers is proposed. The proposed PKI infrastructure focuses on ensuring authentication and access control of healthcare professionals willing to access services related to them as well as healthcare services related to patient.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T21:58:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS ASSIS MÁXIMO DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2010..pdf: 3043385 bytes, checksum: 56a0d73a1dac569c7ed9a4ea7807abec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS ASSIS MÁXIMO DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEE 2010..pdf: 3043385 bytes, checksum: 56a0d73a1dac569c7ed9a4ea7807abec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-03 / O atual paradigma de cuidado com a saúde já não suporta mais o crescente número de doentes crônicos. Uma vez que essas doenças apresentam um fator comportamental bem determinante, é necessário um monitoramento contínuo da saúde dos usuários. O monitoramento contínuo é inviável com o atual modelo de cuidados mundial. No tocante a isso, uma das abordagens mais promissoras é o autogerenciamento. Neste paradigma, o paciente se torna mais responsável pelo seu tratamento, tornando-se capaz de levar uma vida mais independente e desonerando o sistema de saúde. Observa-se portanto a possibilidade de utilizar dispositivos que acompanhem o usuário a qualquer lugar e a todo momento no contexto da saúde. Essa idéia define uma área de conhecimento denominada Pervasive Healthcare. Diversas abordagens vem sendo desenvolvidas neste sentido. Várias delas são estudadas neste trabalho e observa-se que um dos grandes problemas é a falta de interoperabilidade entre componentes que definem estas aplicações. Soluções são desenvolvidas sem observar maneiras de maximizar a reutilização de módulos por diversas aplicações. Isto implica num custo maior no desenvolvimento e acarreta numa grande necessidade da elaboração de arcabouços de software que disponibilizem mecanismos para tal. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um arcabouço para o desenvolvimento de aplicações pervasivas para suporte à prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas baseado em componentes de software. Ele visa dar suporte ao autogerenciamento utilizando conceitos de Pervasive Healthcare provendo uma ferramenta que facilite o desenvolvimento de aplicações e componentes de software que representam funcionalidades normalmente presentes em sistemas desse tipo. Além disso, leva-se em conta o suporte à evolução dinâmica da aplicação, além da implementação do arcabouço em linguagem multiplataforma para que possa ser executado em diferentes tipos de dispositivos móveis. Porfim, para guiar o desenvolvedor na utilização do arcabouço para o desenvolvimento de aplicações e de componentes, descreve-se o processo de desenvolvimento através de um estudo de caso. / The current paradigm of health care can no longer endure the growing number of chronically ill. Since these diseases have determinant a behavioral factor, a continuous monitoring of the health of users is necessary. Continuous monitoring is not feasible with the current model of worldwide care. With regard to this, one of the most promising approaches is the self-management. In this paradigm, the patient becomes more responsible for their treatment and become able to lead a more independent life, relieving the health system. It is observed therefore the possibility of using devices to monitor the user at any place and time in the context of health. This idea defines an area of knowledge called Pervasive Healthcare. Several approaches have been developed in this direction. Several of the mare studied in this work and it is observed that a major problem is the lack of interoperability between components that define these applications. Solutions are developed without following ways to maximize the reuse of modules for various applications. This implies a higher cost in development and brings a great need for development of software frameworks that provide mechanisms for this. This paper presents a framework for the development of pervasive applications to support the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases based on software components. It aims to support self-management using concepts of Pervasive Healthcare providing a tool that makes the development of application and software components that represent features normally found in such systems easier. Moreover, it takes account of the dynamic evolution support for the application, and the design of a cross-platform language framework that can be run on different types of mobile devices. Finally, to guide the developer in using the framework for the development of applications and components, the process of development through a case study is described.

Internet of Things is expanding to the areas such as healthcare, home management, industrial, agriculture, and becoming pervasive in our life, resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefits. Smart sensors with embedded interfacing integrated circuits (ICs) are important enablers, hence, variety of smart sensors are required. However, each type of sensor requires specific interfacing chips, which divides the huge market of sensors’ interface chips into lots of niche markets, resulting in high develop cost and long time-to-market period for each type. Software defined sensor is regarded as a promising solution, which is expected to use a flexible interface platform to cover different sensors, deliver specificity through software programming, and integrate easily into the Internet of Things. In this work, research is carried out on the design and implementations of ultra low power analog interface circuits toward software defined sensors for healthcare services based on Internet of Things.    This thesis first explores architectures and circuit techniques for energy-efficient and flexible analog to digital conversion. A time-spreading digital calibration, to calibrate the errors due to finite gain and capacitor mismatch in multi-bit/stage pipelined converters, is developed with short convergence time. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated with intensive simulations. Two novel circuit level techniques, which can be combined with digital calibration techniques to further improve the energy efficiency of the converters, are also presented. One is the Common-Mode-Sensing-and-Input-Interchanging (CSII) operational-transconductance-amplifier (OTA) sharing technique to enable eliminating potential memory effects. The other is a workload-balanced multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) architecture to improve the settling efficiency of a high linear multi-bit stage. Two prototype converters have been designed and fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The first one is a 14 bit 50 MS/s digital calibrated pipelined analog to digital converter that employs the workload-balanced MDAC architecture and time-spreading digital calibration technique to achieve improved power-linearity tradeoff. The second one is a 1.2 V 12 bit 5~45 MS/s speed and power-scalable ADC incorporating the CSII OTA-sharing technique, sample-and-hold-amplifier-free topology and adjustable current bias of the building blocks to minimize the power consumption. The detailed measurement results of both converters are reported and deliver the experimental verification of the proposed techniques.     Secondly, this research investigates ultra-low-power analog front-end circuits providing programmability and being suitable for different types of sensors. A pulse-width- -modulation-based architecture with a folded reference is proposed and proven in a 0.18 μm technology to achieve high sensitivity and enlarged dynamic range when sensing the weak current signals. A 8-channel bio-electric sensing front-end, fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology is also presented that achieves an input impedance of 1 GΩ, input referred noise of 0.97 Vrms and common mode rejection ratio of 114 dB. With the programmable gain and cut-off frequency, the front-end can be configured to monitor for long-term a variety of bio-electric signals, such as electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The proposed front-end is integrated with dry electrodes, a microprocessor and wireless link to build a battery powered E-patch for long-term and continuous monitoring. In-vivo test results with dry electrodes in the field trials of sitting, standing, walking and running slowly, show that the quality of ECG signal sensed by the E-patch satisfies the requirements for preventive cardiac care.    Finally, a wireless multimodal bio-electric sensor system is presented. Enabled by a customized flexible mixed-signal system on chip (SoC), this bio-electric sensor system is able to be configured for ECG/EMG/EEG recording, bio-impedance sensing, weak current stimulation, and other promising functions with biofeedback. The customized SoC, fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, integrates a tunable analog front-end, a 10 bit ADC, a 14 bit sigma-delta digital to current converter, a 12 bit digital to voltage converter, a digital accelerator for wavelet transformation and data compression, and a serial communication protocol. Measurement results indicate that the SoC could support the versatile bio-electric sensor to operate in various applications according to specific requirements. / <p>QC 20151221</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3904.pdf: 4532803 bytes, checksum: c80f4984c56dad9f691df40c1f9c2758 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-03 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Due to the problems faced in Healthcare, this is heading towards a paradigm shift. This change suggests that the care is no longer focused exclusively on large hospitals and into the hands of specialized professionals. Thus, the goal is to distribute the Healthcare, making the patient play a key role in the process. Hence, the Pervasive Healthcare intends to provide the distribution of the model through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), enabling access to Healthcare anywhere and anytime. The creation of Pervasive Healthcare environments brings different challenges, which include the variety of devices to access information and the diversity of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) that may constitute such environment. In this context, the interoperability appears to be a fundamental requirement, since the information should be shared regardless of the existing heterogeneities. Aiming to provide this interoperability, different standards were set in order to facilitate the interaction between heterogeneous HISs. Some examples of these standards are the communication protocols developed by the Health Level Seven (HL7) committee, which are exclusive to the Healthcare domain. However, the standards set by the HL7 committee bring deficiencies to the clinical concepts representation and also has a relatively complex development process. An alternative to the knowledge representation in Healthcare is the use of archetypes, which are pieces of knowledge that show how to represent concepts or information of a given domain via computable expressions. Thus, this work presents an approach that integrates archetypes to HL7 v3 messages, for the communication of ubiquitous applications in Pervasive Healthcare. With the help of Model Driven Development, a process, which consists of activities designed to assist developers in adopting these standards, is defined. This approach makes use of modeling and partial code generation for simplifying and turning the development of the messages used in the environment more intuitive. The combination of these technologies enables an already established communication standard to improve its semantic quality, thus contributing to the achievement of the interoperability. / Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade. Devido aos problemas enfrentados no Cuidado de Saúde, este caminha para uma mudança de paradigma. Tal mudança propõe que o cuidado deixe de estar centrado exclusivamente nos grandes centros hospitalares e nas mãos de profissionais especializados. O objetivo então é tornar o Cuidado de Saúde distribuído, onde o próprio paciente desempenha um papel fundamental no processo. Nesse sentido, o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo visa habilitar esse modelo distribuído através do emprego de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), permitindo o acesso ao Cuidado de Saúde de qualquer local e a qualquer momento. A construção de ambientes para o Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo apresenta diferentes desafios, dentre os quais estão a diversidade de dispositivos de acesso às informações e a diversidade de Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar (SIH) que podem constituir tal ambiente. Nesse contexto, a interoperabilidade aparece como um requisito fundamental, já que as informações devem ser compartilhadas independentemente das heterogeneidades existentes. Visando prover essa interoperabilidade, diferentes padrões surgiram com o objetivo de facilitar a interação entre SIHs heterogêneos. Exemplos são os protocolos de comunicação desenvolvidos pelo comitê Health Level Seven (HL7), os quais são exclusivos do domínio Cuidado de Saúde. No entanto, os padrões desenvolvidos pelo comitê HL7 apresentam deficiências na representação dos conceitos clínicos, além de possuir um processo de desenvolvimento relativamente complexo. Uma alternativa para a representação do conhecimento no domínio Cuidado de Saúde é o uso de arquétipos, que são pedaços de conhecimento que indicam como representar conceitos ou informações de um dado domínio via expressões computáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem, que integra arquétipos às mensagens HL7 v3, para a comunicação de aplicações ubíquas no Cuidado de Saúde Pervasivo. Com o auxílio do Desenvolvimento Dirigido a Modelos, é definido um processo composto por atividades que visam auxiliar os desenvolvedores na adoção desses padrões. Essa abordagem faz uso de modelagem e geração parcial de código para simplificar e tornar mais intuitivo o desenvolvimento das mensagens utilizadas no ambiente. A combinação dessas tecnologias permite que um padrão de comunicação já estabelecido tenha sua qualidade semântica aprimorada, contribuindo assim para o alcance da interoperabilidade.