acase@tulane.edu / 1 / Mara Hussey

Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Running Fence, begun 1972 and installed in 1976, and Niki de St. Phalle’s Queen Califia’s Magical Circle, dedicated 2003, in northern and southern California respectively, reexamine the ways landscape art historically shaped ideological constructs, lived experience, and cultural economics. Christo, Jeanne-Claude, and St. Phalle draw on well known representations of the frontier and American West from the nineteenth century including, antebellum landscapes such as Thomas Cole’s The Oxbow, 1836 and Emmanuel Leutze’s Westward the Course of Empire, 1862 as well as Reconstruction Era landscapes including Andrew Russell’s The Golden Spike, 1869 and John Gast’s American Progress, 1872. When Christo, Jeanne-Claude, and St. Phalle’s West Coast art are viewed together, questions about history and tradition, the relationship of economics to cultural production, and aesthetics informed by place and environment, emerge as salient. Through the artists’ interest in time, place, and environment, as well as sustained engagement with community, Running Fence and Queen Califia’s Magical Circle construct representations of the local and interpret the histories and cultures of Sonoma and Marin Counties and Escondido. Running Fence and Queen Califia’s Magical Circle critically engage with artistic convention, state construction, capitalism and cultural production, and the construction of race, gender, and sexuality. As art historian William Truettner explained historical representations of the western frontier as “national pictures,” so too Running Fence and Queen Califia’s Magical Circle reinterpret historical images of the American West through an emphasis on community and place rather than nation-building and nationalism.

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This study is about the artist Monica Sjoo’s (1938-2005) painting God giving birth (1968) that was accused of being blasphemous and obscene in the early 1970s. God giving birth could have had much in common with Niki de Saint-Phalle’s She – a cathedral (1966), both works suggesting a mother goddess image. The main difference however can be found in the fact that Monica Sjoo’s painting had connection to the women’s movement in the 1970s. Monica Sjoo’s artwork responded to other feminist artwork of that period. Among several feminist artists during the period about 1968-1985, an iconography was in use that focused on vulvar imagery, experience of childbirth and goddess images. In particulary the mother goddess was embraced. The female body in art was re-sacred and invested with meaning connected with women’s cycles of birth-death and rebirth and the earth as a mother goddess.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cabanaspedro_cc_me_ia.pdf: 5295856 bytes, checksum: a8c9a5039b8aa9967830938958a1f32a (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho concentra-se no estudo de um conjunto específico de obras da artista Niki de Saint Phalle, analisados sob o viés da arquitetura espontânea. Esse termo, bastante, desconhecido, é empregado para definir obras quer, pela sua escala e forma podem ser compreendidas como construções arquitetônicas diferenciadas, produzidas por “não-arquitetos”. Essa produção é geralmente associada à produção de artistas outsiders , aproximando-se mais da arte e da fantasia. Essas construções vão surgindo gradualmente na obra do artista Niki de Saint Phalle, que são destacadas uma a uma nesta investigação. Para maior embasamento foi feito o levantamento de de outras manifestações da arquitetura espontânea, compreendendo o trabalho construtivo de artistas e arquitetos espontâneos. Esses esforços criativos podem ser encontrados em várias partes do mundo, principalmente na Europa e América. A segunda parte da dissertação é dedicada inteiramente ao Jardim de Tarô, parque de esculturas projetado e construído por Niki, na Toscana, Itália. O jardim recebeu a influência do Park Guell do arquiteto Gaudi e é construido por esculturas monumentais que representam as cartas do tarô. A escolha do foco da segunda parte da dissertação neste jardim justifica-se por ele concentrar a maior quantidade de exemplos da arquitetura e espontânea na obra da artista. / The present work is concentrated on the study of a set specify of works of the artist Niki de Saint Phalle, analised under the slant of the spontaneous architecture. This term quite unknown, is employed in order that define works that , by the scale and form there can be understood how differential architectural constructions produced by non-architets This producation is generally associate to the outsider's artist production bringing near more near more than the art and the fantasy. These constructions are appearing gradually in the work of the artist Niki de Saint Phalle, that I detach one to one in this investigation. For bigger foundation, I do the lifting of other demonstrations of the spontaneous architecture, understanding the constructive work of these artists and spontaneous architects. These creative efforts can be found in several parts of the world, mainly in Europe and America. The second part of the work is dedicated completely to the Tarot Garden, park of sculptures projected and built bu Niki, in Tuscay, Italy. The garden received great influence of the Park Guell of the architect Gaudi, and it is constituted by monumental sculputures represented by letters of the tarot. I chose to focus the second part of the dissertation on this garden because it concentrats the biggest quantity of examples of the spontaneous architecture in the work of the artist.