In this thesis, we focus on the generation of entangled photon pair from III-V quantum dots. The achievements mainly consists of two aspects: one is the wavelength tunability of these entangled photon pairs, which is enabled by on-chip strain engineering; the other is the brightness enhancement with an optical-broadband antenna to boost the extraction of entangled photons from the material matrix where quantum dots are embedded in.

In dieser Arbeit wird das Stickstoff-Fehlstellenzentrum (NV Zentrum) in Diamant als ein solcher Einzelphotonenemitter untersucht. Durch Benutzung eines hybriden Ansatzes werden hier NV Zentren in Diamantnanopartikeln in photonische Strukturen integriert. Zuerst wird eine aufnehmen-und-ablegen-Nanomanipulationstechnik mittels eines Rasterkraftmikroskops verwendet um einzelne NV Zentren an eine photonische Kristallkavität und eine optische Faser zu koppeln. Durch Kopplung an die photonische Kristallkavität wird die Emission der Nullphononenlinie des NV Zentrums um den Faktor 12.1 erhöht und durch Kopplung an die optische Faser entsteht eine direkt gekoppelte Einzelphotonenquelle hoher effektiver numerischer Apertur. Durch Kopplung an plamonische Wellenleiter können einzelne Oberflächenplasmon-Polaritonen nachgewiesen werden. Zweitens wird ein anderer Ansatz, die Entwicklung eines hybriden Materials, verfolgt. Hier sind die Nanodiamanten, anstatt sie auf die Strukturen von Interesse zu legen, von Anfang in dem Material enthalten, aus dem die Strukturen hergestellt werden. Mittels direktem Zweiphotonen-Laserschreiben ist es dann möglich, Kombinationen aus chipintegrierten Wellenleitern, Resonatoren und Einzelphotonenemittern zu zeigen. Um mehr über die Dynamik von NV Zentren in Nanodiamant zu erfahren und Wege zu ihrer Verbesserung zu finden, wird die Dynamik der Nullphononenlinie des NV Zentrums mittels eines Photonenkorrelationsinterferometers untersucht. Zusätzlich zu Techniken zur Herstellung photonischer und plasmonischer Strukturen werden auch Methoden zu ihrer Charakterisierung benötigt. Hier für kann es ausgenutzt werden, dass das NV Zentrum weiter nicht nur ein Einzelphotonenemitters ist, sondern es ebenso als Sensor verwendet werden kann. Das NV Zentrum wird hier verwendet, um die lokale optische Zustandsdichte in einem Rastersondenverfahren zu messen, was die Technik der dreidimensionalen Quantenemitter Fluoreszenzlebensdauermikroskopie einführt. / In this thesis, one of such single photon emitters, the nitrogen vacancy centre (NV centre) in diamond, will be examined. By using different hybrid approaches, NV centres in diamond nanoparticles are integrated into photonic structures. Firstly, using a pick-and-place nanomanipulation technique with an atomic force microscope, a single NV centre is coupled to a photonic crystal cavity and an optical fibre. Coupling to the photonic crystal cavity results in an enhancement of the NV centre''s zero phonon line by a factor of 12.1 and coupling to the fibre yields a directly coupled single photon source with an effective numerical aperture of 0.82. By coupling to plasmonic waveguides, the signature of single surface plasmon polaritons is found. Secondly, instead of placing the nanodiamonds on the structures of interest, a hybrid material where the emitters are incorporated is used. With two-photon direct laser writing, on-chip integration and combination of waveguides, resonators, and single photon emitters is demonstrated. In order to learn more on the dynamics of NV centre in nanodiamonds and find ways for improvements, the dynamics of the ultra-fast spectral diffusion of the NV centre''s zero phonon line are investigated using a photon correlation interferometer. In addition to techniques for the fabrication of photonic and plasmonic structures, also methods for their characterisation are needed.For this, it can be exploited that the NV centre also is not only a single photon emitter, but can also be employed as a sensor. Here, the NV centre is used to measure the local density of optical states in a scanning probe experiment, establishing the technique of three-dimensional quantum emitter fluorescence lifetime imaging.

[pt] O bunching de fótons é um dos mais celebrados efeitos de interferência de dois fóotons, associado à tendéncia de fótons indistinguíveis de tomarem o mesmo caminho quando há uma superposição dos pacotes de onda em um combinador de feixes óptico simétrico. Nós exploramos o fenômeno de interferência de dois fótons e mostramos que: a característica espectral de uma fonte de luz pode ser determinar através da técnica de Espectroscopia de Transformada de Fourier de Poucos Fótons de alta resolução que se mostra como uma técnica útil para a caracterização espectral de fontes ópticas débeis abaixo do limite coberto por técnicas clássicas de batimento heteródino; uma fonte de fótons com estatística sub-Poisson, a Fonte de Fótons Anunciadas com Óptica Linear, pode ser construída baseada apenas em óptica linear e estados coerentes atenuados uma vez que os anúncios sejam sintonizados nos picos de coincidência de um interferograma de Hong-Ou-Mandei quando o interferômetro é alimentado com estados em frequências diferentes; uma modificação do interferômetro de Hong-Ou-Mandel produz um aumento no número de coincidências, ao invés de sua diminuição, quando os pacotes de onda estão perfeitamente superpostos no interferômetro e o anúncio de fótons sintonizados nesse pico gera um feixe com distribuição sub-Poisson. A descrição matemática de cada experimento é detalhada e uma revisão extensa das ferramentas teóricas e práticas necessárias para o entendimento dos resultados é apresentada. / [en] Photon bunching is one of the most celebrated effects of two-photon interference, related to the tendency of indistinguishable photons to take the same path when there is a wave-packet overlapping in a symmetric beam splitter. Photon antibunching, the counterpart of photon bunching is, on turn, a desired effect in many applications such as single-photon generation. We explore the two-photon interference phenomena and show that: the spectral characteristics of a light source can be determined with a high resolution Few-Photon Fourier Transform Spectroscopy which proves to be a useful asset for spectral characterization of faint optical sources below the range covered by classical heterodyne beating techniques; a sub-Poisson photon source, the Linear-Optic Heralded Photon Source, can be constructed based only on linear optics and weak coherent states by time-tuning a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer fed with frequency-displaced coherent states and yields a second-order correlation function at zero time below one; a modified version a the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer produces a peak of coincidences instead of dip when the wave-packets are perfectly overlapped and the announcement of photons time-tuned to this coincidence peak yield an antibunched photon stream. The mathematical description of each experiment is detailed and an extensive review of the most important theoretical and practical tools for understanding of the results is presented.