Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Eberson_ Diedrich_Eicholz.pdf: 996675 bytes, checksum: c499c743b750c47ef466cd4182c05182 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-16 / The success of any agricultural business based in commercial exploitation of plant crops requires the use of high quality seeds, with potential to grow vigorous and high yielding plants in a short period of time. Regarding to castor bean, there are few articles related to seed production in Rio Grande do Sul. This work aimed to study the seed production viability in southern of Rio Grande do Sul. There were carried out experiments in two farms, season of 2006/07, in Canguçu, using IAC 80 and AL Guarany 2002 cultivars, sowed in two different dates (November and December). It was evaluated the agronomic performance of plants in the field and yield components, as well as the physiological and physic quality of seeds from different parts of raceme (divided in three parts) and different raceme-orders. These analyses were conducted at Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas/RS. According to the results, it was observed genotype x environment interaction effects on the yield components and physiological and physic quality of seeds in AL Guarany 2002 e IAC 80 cultivars, considering that the first raceme-order seed position doesn t affect the seeds physiological and physic quality. In AL Guarany 2002 , the seeds from the first and second raceme-order presented quality, with no environment or sowing date influence, meanwhile IAC 80 cultivar showed quality in November sowing, with no environment influence. It is concluded that it is possible to produce seeds with physiological and physic quality of castor bean in southern of Rio Grande do Sul. / O sucesso de qualquer empreendimento agrícola baseado na exploração comercial de cultivos vegetais requer a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade, com potencial de produzir plantas vigorosas e produtivas, de maneira uniforme e no menor tempo possível. Na cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L.), são poucos os estudos relacionados a produção de sementes no Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo do trabalho é estudar a viabilidade de produção de sementes, na Região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto foram implantados experimentos em duas propriedades de agricultores familiares na safra 2006/07 no município de Canguçu, utilizou-se as cultivares IAC 80 e AL Guarany 2002 em duas épocas de semeadura (novembro e dezembro). Foi avaliado o desempenho agronômico das cultivares, assim como as sementes provenientes das diferentes ordens e posições de racemo (dividido em três partes), quanto aos componentes do rendimento, qualidade física e fisiológica. As análises foram realizadas na Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas/RS. De acordo com os resultados observou-se efeito da interação genótipo x ambiente nos componentes de rendimento e qualidade da semente para as cultivares AL Guarany 2002 e IAC 80, sendo que a qualidade física e fisiológica não apresenta diferença em função da posição para racemos de primeira ordem. Para cultivar AL Guarany 2002, as sementes dos racemos de primeira e segunda ordem são de melhor qualidade, independente de local e época de semeadura, enquanto que para IAC 80 , as sementes dos racemos de primeira e segunda ordem são de qualidade na semeadura de novembro, independente de local. Conclui-se que é possível produzir vii sementes de mamona de alta qualidade física e fisiológica nas condições do sul do Rio Grande do sul.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Simone_Padilha_Galarca.pdf: 1726388 bytes, checksum: 86ac76aea24f6a9fb434c5486a67b029 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / The objective of the present work was to evaluate the sensory and physical-chemical characteristics of organic blueberry ‗Bluegem and tangerine ‗Ponkan fruits, submitted to controlled or modified atmosphere, respectively. Also, it was tested the use of two concentrations of propolis as fruit coating of the citrus. Therefore, the blueberries ‗Bluegem (2007) and tangerines ‗Ponkan (2008) were harvested at the consumption stage. Then, the fruits were selected and storage after treatment. ‗Bluegem was stored at 1.5ºC with relative humidity (RH) of 90-95% and submitted to the following treatments: control 21KPa O2 + 0.03KPa CO2 (T1 - natural atmosphere), 4KPa O2 + 5KPa CO2 (T2) or 4KPa O2 + 10KPa CO2 (T3). The fruits were kept under storage for a period of 14 (P1), 28 (P2) or 42 (P3) days at 1.5°C, plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C and 70-75% RH. ‗Ponkan was stored at 4°C and 90-95%RH. The fruits were treated with: no wax (T1); ‗Carnaúba -based wax, 18% (T2); extract of propolis, 100% (T3) or extract of propolis, 90% + soybean oil, 10% (T4). Each fruit was individually treated with 0.25mL of the product. Subsequently, fruits were stored for a period of 15 (P1), 30 (P2) or 45 (P3) days plus three days of simulated commercialization at 15°C and 70-75% RH. A completely randomized design was used for the physical-chemical analysis, and for the sensory analysis a randomized block design; each judger was considered as a replication. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and for mean comparison it was applied the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The Pearson correlation was also carried between the physical-chemical and sensory variables. Blueberries ‗Bluegem can be stored up to 28 days at 1.5ºC plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C to keep their quality, whether treated with 5 or 10KPa CO2 and 4KPa O2. Using cold storage fruits could be stored up to 14 days at 1.5°C plus one day of simulated commercialization at 20°C, without compromising the quality of in natura consumption. Tangerines kept for 30 days at 90-95%RH and 4ºC suffered depreciation due to physiological disturbs. The essence of propolis reduced mass loss; however, whether added soybean oil it conferred slighter brightness to the fruit. ‗Carnaúba -based oil provide brighter fruits. According results, changing in the atmosphere of the storage environment (either controlled or modified storage) optimizes the storage of blueberries ‗Bluegem and tangerines ‗Ponkan , delaying senescence and keeping quality (support: CAPES). / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais, da atmosfera controlada para mirtilo ‗Bluegem e da atmosfera modificada para tangerina ‗Ponkan produzida em sistema orgânico, além de testar a utilização de própolis em duas concentrações no recobrimento deste citrus. Sendo assim, os mirtilos ‗Bluegem (2007) e tangerinas ‗Ponkan (2008) foram colhidos no estádio de maturação para consumo, selecionados e armazenados após serem tratados. O mirtilo ‗Bluegem foi armazenado à temperatura de 1,5ºC umidade relativa (UR) de 90-95%, sendo realizados os seguintes tratamentos: controle - 21KPa O2 e 0,03KPa CO2 - (T1 - atmosfera natural), 4KPa O2 + 5KPa CO2 (T2), 4KPa O2 + 10KPa CO2 (T3). As frutas ficaram armazenadas por um período de 14 (P1), 28 (P2) e 42 (P3) dias a 1,5°C mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização em temperatura de 20°C e UR 70-75%. A tangerina ‗Ponkan foi armazenada a temperatura de 4°C, UR de 90-95%. Os tratamentos foram: sem cera (T1), cera a base de Carnaúba 18% (T2), extrato de própolis 100% (T3) e extrato de própolis 90% + óleo de soja 10% (T4). Os produtos foram aplicados em cada uma das frutas em quantidade de 0,25 mL. Posteriormente foram armazenados por um período de 15 (P1), 30 (P2) e 45 (P3) dias mais 3 dias de simulação de comercialização em temperatura de 15°C e UR 70-75%. O delineamento experimental utilizado para as análises físico-químcas foi inteiramente casualizado e para análise sensorial blocos casualizados, sendo cada julgador uma repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e para comparação das médias, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foi realizada também a correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis físico-químicas e sensoriais. Os mirtilos ‗Bluegem podem ficar até 28 dias de armazenamento a 1,5ºC mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização a 20°C com qualidade, desde que tratadas com 5 ou 10KPa de CO2 e 4KPa de O2. Se for utilizado o armazenamento refrigerado comum as frutas podem ficar até 14 dias de armazenamento a 1,5°C mais 1 dia de simulação de comercialização a 20°C e UR 70-75%, sem comprometer a qualidade para o consumo in natura. As tangerinas armazenaram-se por 30 dias a 90-95% UR a 4ºC, com depreciação do produto por distúrbios fisiológicos. A essência de própolis diminuiu a perda de massa, porém conferiu um pouco mais de brilho quando foi adicionado óleo de soja, porém a cera de carnaúba confere maior brilho. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a mudança de atmosfera no ambiente de armazenamento, seja, controlada ou modificada auxilia favoravelmente o armazenamento de frutas de mirtilo ‗Bluegem e da tangerina ‗Ponkan , retardando sua senescência e mantendo sua qualidade (apoio: CAPES).

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_GuilhermeOrelli_M.pdf: 4245499 bytes, checksum: dbf4eaee15fa8956c837eb4d59464baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Atualmente, um importante aspecto da pesquisa em acústica musical consiste em relacionar propriedades físicas mensuráveis de um instrumento musical e a avaliação subjetiva de sua qualidade sonora ou tonal. Tem sido necessário, portanto, o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e numéricos para previsão do comportamento vibroacústico do instrumento, possibilitando a determinação de parâmetros objetivos que possam ser usados para controlar a sua qualidade tonal. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realiza análises modais acústica, estrutural e vibroacústica (acoplamento entre fluido e estrutura), calculadas pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF), com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento dinâmico da caixa de ressonância da viola em termos de frequências naturais e as correspondentes formas dos modos. Primeiramente, é apresentado um modelo simplificado, que despreza as estruturas internas de reforço, mas adota as dimensões principais de uma viola real. Depois o mesmo modelo foi expandido, sendo acrescentados os reforços internos, porém com dimensões ainda aproximadas. Por fim, o terceiro modelo foi elaborado em relação às dimensões de uma viola real e seus respectivos reforços internos. Com isso, também foram realizados procedimentos experimentais a fim de verificar as capacidades e limitações do método computacional empregado. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos pelos métodos numéricos e experimentais são comparados e discutidos / Abstract: An important aspect of musical acoustics research is to identify the relationship of measurable physical properties of a musical instrument with the subjective evaluation of their sound quality or tone. Therefore, for musical instruments including resonance box, it is important to develop analytical or numerical methods to predict accurately its vibroacoustic behavior. These methods will enable the determination of key parameters that can be used to control the tone and sound quality. This work uses theoretical modal analysis with finite element method (FEM) to determine the dynamic behavior of a Brazilian guitar resonance box in terms of natural frequency and mode shapes. At first, is presented a simplified model that neglects the internal structures of reinforcement (struts, ribs, brackets, etc.), but adopts the main dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar. Then the same model was expanded with the addition of the internal reinforcements, but with approximate dimensions yet. Finally, the third model was designed regarding the dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar and their internal reinforcements. Experimental procedures were also performed to verify the capabilities and limitations of the computational method employed. The results obtained by numerical and experimental methods are compared and discussed / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

A batata-doce é uma hortaliça de grande potencial energético, com elevado teor amiláceo e pode ser utilizada para consumo direto e para industrialização. Uma das tecnologias industriais viáveis para o processamento de alimentos amiláceos como a batata-doce, é a extrusão. Por este processo pode-se produzir snacks ou farinhas instantâneas (pré-gelatinizadas). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros operacionais umidade da mistura, temperatura de processo e rotação do parafuso do extrusor sobre as características dos extrusados de batata-doce. As características avaliadas nos extrusados foram o índice de expansão (IE) e a dureza (DUR). As farinhas dos extrusados foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros: cor (L*, a*, b* e diferença de cor, índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), grau de gelatinização (GG) e pontos críticos de viscosidade (Rapid Visco Analyser), ou seja, viscosidade inicial (VI), pico de viscosidade (PV) após o aquecimento e antes do resfriamento, quebra de viscosidade (QV), tendência a retrogradação (TR) e viscosidade final (VF). Foi empregada a metodologia de superfície resposta, com delineamento fatorial incompleto 33, de 3 níveis e 3 variáveis independentes: umidade (15, 18 e 21%), temperatura na 3a zona (100, 120 e 140oC) e rotação da rosca (180, 210 e 240 rpm). O modelo de regressão adotado mostrou que a umidade e a temperatura afetaram significativamente o IE dos extrusados. Mantendo-se a rotação média constante, o IE aumentou com a elevação da temperatura do processo para misturas com baixos teores de umidade. Os menores valores de IE ocorreram para baixas umidades e temperaturas e também para elevadas umidades e temperaturas. O modelo de regressão adotado para DUR dos extrusados não foi significativo para os parâmetros estudados. Ao se avaliar as características tecnológicas das farinhas extrusadas, o IAA, o ISA e a TR não apresentaram modelo de regressão de significância estatística dentro dos níveis das variáveis independentes. As farinhas extrusadas apresentaram GG variando entre 82,0 e 99,7%, contudo o modelo de regressão também não foi significativo para esta variável. Quanto a cor das farinhas extrusadas, o parâmetro L* (luminosidade) aumentou e o valor a* tendeu ao negativo (verde) com o aumento da umidade do material até aproximadamente 20-21%. O componente b* tendeu ao positivo (amarelo) e a diferença de cor (DCO) das farinhas extrusadas aumentou com a redução da umidade da massa, independentemente da variação de temperatura de extrusão. Quanto aos parâmetros de viscosidade das farinhas extrusadas, a VI, o PV e a QV diminuíram com a elevação da umidade até 20-21% e posteriormente, com elevação dos teores de umidade, mostraram aumento. Já a VF das farinhas extrusadas foi inversamente proporcional à rotação da rosca. O estudo mostrou que é viável a produção de extrusados de farinha de batata-doce com boas características utilizando-se os níveis das variáveis operacionais do processo. / The sweet potato is a vegetable of great energetic potential with high starch content. It can to be processed through extrusion which is efficient on the processing of starchy foods. In this work the effects of extrusion parameters on sweet potato extrudates and flours characteristics were studied. The properties evaluated in extrudates were expansion index (EI) and texture (hardness). The physical, physico-chemical and functional properties assayed in the extrudated flours were: water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), color (L*, a*, b*) and color difference (CD), degree of gelatinization (DG) and pasting properties as initial viscosity (IV), raw peak (RP), breakdown (BD), setback (SB), cold viscosity (CV) and final viscosity (FV). The study was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology through an incomplete factorial design 33 with 3 levels and 3 independent variables: moisture content (15, 18, 21%), extrusion temperature (100, 120, 140oC) and screw speeds (180, 210, 240 rpm). The moisture content and extrusion temperature significantly affected expansion index of the extrudates.There was no influence of the parameters studied over extrudates hardness. The extrudates EI increased with the high extrusion temperature and low moisture content when the screw speed was medium. It decreased with the low moisture and temperature and at higher moisture content and temperature. The changes in independent variables did not result in significant regression model to extrudates hardness. The technological characteristics of extruded flours, WAI, WSI, SB and DG, did not present significant regression model to the parameters studied. The flours presented DG varying from 82.0 to 99.7%. The L* (lightness) component increased and value a* decreased with the increase of the moisture content until 20-21%. The color difference (CD) and parameter b* increased as the moisture content decreased, independent of the extrusion temperature. The IV, RP and BD values decreased with the increase the moisture until 20-21%. The flour FV decreased as srew speed increased. The study showed that is viable the production of sweet potato extrudates with good characteristics using the independent variables of the process.

Le proton est décrit par les facteurs de forme électrique et magnétique qui caractérisent sa structure interne. Le moyen de mesurer les facteurs de forme consiste à mesurer la distribution angulaire de la diffusion élastique e-p: dans cette région dite espace q^2 est négatif. En utilisant la réaction croisée pbar p<--> e+ e-, on atteint une autre région cinématique appelée région temps où q^2>0. Cependant, à cause du seuil q^2_{th} de les réactions pbar p <--> e+e-, seul le domaine cinématique q^2>q^2_{th}>0 est autorisé. Pour atteindre la région non physique, on utilise la réaction pbar p --> pi0e+e- où le pi0 emporte une partie de l'énergie autorisant ainsi q^2 à varier entre q^2_{th} et presque 0. Cette thèse vise à démontrer la faisabilité de ces mesures avec le détecteur PANDA qui sera installé sur l'anneau d'antiprotons du futur complexe FAIR à Darmstadt. Pour décrire la réaction pbar p --> pi0e+e- une approche basée sur des lagrangiens est développée. La section efficace 5 fois différentielle est determinée et reliée à des combinaisons linéaires de tenseurs hadroniques. Sous l'hypothèse de l'échange d'un nucléon, les tenseurs hadroniques sont exprimés en fonctions des 2 facteurs de forme électromagnétiques complexes du proton. Une méthode est développée, qui donne accès au rapport des facteurs de forme électromagnétiques du proton R=|G_E|/|G_M| et pour la première fois avec une expérience non polarisée au cosinus de la différence de phase. A ce jour, de telles mesures n'ont jamais été faites dans la région non physique. Des simulations détaillées ont été effectuées pour montrer comment le rapport R et le cosinus peuvent être extraits de la distribution angulaire du positron. De plus, un modèle est développé pour la réaction parasite pbar p-->pi0pi+pi- considérée comme la plus dangereuse. La contribution du bruit de fond peut être réduite à quelques pour-cent voire moins. L'efficacité typique de détection du signal correspondante varie de l'ordre de 5 pour-cent à 30 pour-cent. La précision sur la détermination du rapport R et du cosinus est determinée pour le nombre de coups attendu via la méthode Monte Carlo. Une partie de cette thèse est aussi dédiée à un travail plus technique avec l'étude du prototype du calorimètre électromagnétique et la détermination de sa résolution. / The proton is described by the electric G_E and magnetic G_M form factors which characterise its internal structure. The way to measure the proton form factors consists in measuring the angular distribution of the e-p elastic scattering accessing the so-called Space-Like region where q^2<0. Using the crossed channel pbar p<-->e+e-, one accesses another kinematical region, the so-called Time-Like region where q^2>0. However, due to the pbar p<-->e+e- threshold q^2_{th}, only the kinematical domain q^2>q^2_{th}>0 is available. To access the unphysical region, one may use the pbar p --> pi0e+e- reaction where the pi0 takes away a part of the system energy allowing q^2 to be varied between q^2_{th} and almost 0. This thesis aims to show the feasibility of such measurements with the PANDA detector which will be installed on the antiproton ring at the FAIR facility at Darmstadt. To describe the pbar p --> pi0e+e- reaction, a Lagrangian based approach is developed. The 5-fold differential cross section is determined and related to linear combinations of hadronic tensors. Under the assumption of one nucleon exchange, the hadronic tensors are expressed in terms of the 2 complex proton electromagnetic form factors. An extraction method which provides an access to the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio R=|G_E|/|G_M| and for the first time in an unpolarized experiment to the cosine of the phase difference is developed. Such measurements have never been performed in the unphysical region. Extended simulations were performed to show how the ratio R and the cosine can be extracted from the positron angular distribution. Furthermore, a model is developed for the pbar p-->pi0pi+pi- background reaction considered as the most dangerous one. The background contribution can be reduced to the percent level or even less. The corresponding signal efficiency ranges from a few % to 30%. The precision on the determination of the ratio R and of the cosine is determined using the expected counting rates via Monte Carlo method. A part of this thesis is also dedicated to more technical work with the study of the prototype of the electromagnetic calorimeter and the determination of its resolution.

The Thesis "Analysis of Technical Requirements for Buildings with focus on Building Physics" deals with the solution of masonry and monolithic residential buildings in terms of building physic requirements primarily listed in Decree No.268/2009 Coll and in Czech technical standards.

La modélisation des systèmes mécatroniques nécessite le même type de méthodologie pour la conception et le prototypage de dispositifs mécatroniques. Une ingénierie unifiée et intégrée doit être déployée. Diverses approches sont actuellement proposées pour atteindre de la modélisation multi-physique comme la théorie des graphes, les approches équationnelles ou les techniques. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de nos travaux de recherche est la conception d'une méthodologie appliquée aux modèles dynamiques multi-physiques à topologie dynamique. Pour une telle contribution, il est nécessaire de partir d’une approche existante. Cette approche porte sur la modélisation topologique puisqu’elle est basée sur les collections topologiques et les transformations. Cette approche topologique est utilisée pour modéliser les systèmes mécatroniques.Son point fort est la séparation de la topologie (loi d'interconnexion) et la loi de comportement (physique) qui permet la simplification de la modélisation de systèmes complexes que l'on peut décrire comme un ensemble d'interactions locales entre entités élémentaires. La thèse propose donc une nouvelle méthodologie nommée 4Mo(DS)2 qui se rapporte à la modélisation multi-niveaux, multi-domaines et multi-physiques basée sur des systèmes dynamiques qui ont des structures dynamiques. Cette méthodologie permet la modélisation topologique des modèles dynamiques multi-physiques à topologie dynamique pendant la phase de conception tout en prenant en compte les modifications topologiques, le contrôle et commande ainsi que l’intégration de la dimension deux dans leur structure topologique. / Mechatronic systems modelling requires the same type of methodology for the design and prototyping of mechatronic devices. Unified and integrated engineering must be deployed. Various approaches are currently proposed to achieve multi-physics modeling such as graph theory, equational approaches or techniques. In this context, the objective of our research work is the design of a methodology applied to dynamic multi-physical models with dynamic topology. For such a contribution, it is necessary to start from an existing approach. This approach focuses on topological modelling since it is based on topological collections and transformations. This topological approach is used to model mechatronic systems.Its strong point is the separation of topology (interconnection law) and behavior law (physical) which allows the simplification of the modeling of complex systems that can be described as a set of local interactions between elementary entities. The thesis therefore proposes a new methodology named 4Mo(DS)2 which relates to multilevel, multi-physical and multi-domain modeling based on dynamic systems that have dynamic structures. This methodology allows the topological modeling of dynamic multi-physical dynamic topology models during the design phase while taking into account topological modifications, control and command as well as the integration of dimension two into their topological structure.

This master’s thesis describes an experimental program investigating the strengthening of beams of glued laminated timber with composite reinforcement. The work compares the behavior of beams reinforced with composite reinforcement with unreinforced beam and with solid timber beam. The work also deals with identifying and evaluating the physic-mechanical properties of materials.

Over the last two decades, there has been widespread international interest in the development of the molten salt reactor concept due to its passive safety, high coolant boiling temperature, low operational pressure, high thermal efficiency, and ease of breeding. Terrestrial Energy Incorporated (TEI) is developing a thermal-spectrum converter type molten salt reactor, called the Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR-400) to be built by 2030. A physics experiment is needed in order to validate the theoretical predictions of the temperature reactivity coefficients of the IMSR-400. This thesis will determine the feasibility of conducting a subcritical experiment, utilizing a Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Neutron Source (DD). / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of landfill leachate discharge on the operation of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Two aspects of interferences were found: one is UV quenching substances, which are bio-refractory and able to penetrate the biological treatment processes, consequently interfere the UV disinfection in WWTPs. The other one is organic nitrogen, which can pass the nitrification-denitrification process and contribute to the effluent total nitrogen (TN). Also, treatability study was conducted for landfill gas (LFG) condensate. In a laboratory study, leachate samples were fractionated into humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and Hydrophilic (Hpi) fractions, the specific UV254 absorbance (SUVA254) of the three fractions follows: HA > FA > Hpi. However, the overall UV254 absorbance of the Hpi fraction was important because there was more hydrophilic organic matter than humic or fulvic acids. It was found that the size distribution of the three fractions follows: HA > FA > Hpi. This indicates that membrane separation following biological treatment is a promising technology for the removal of humic substances from landfill leachates. Leachate samples treated in this manner could usually meet the UV transmittance requirement of the POTWs. Also, nitrogen species in landfill leachates under various stabilization states were investigated. Although the effect of landfill stabilization state on the characteristics of organic matter and ammonia is well documented, there are few investigations into the landfill leachate organic nitrogen under different stabilization stages. Ammonia was found to leach out slower than organic matter and can maintain a constant level within the first a couple of years (< 10 years). The concentration and biodegradability of organic nitrogen were found to decrease with landfill age. A size distribution study showed that most of organic nitrogen in landfill leachates is < 1 kDa. The protein concentration was analyzed and showed a strong correlation with the organic nitrogen. Different slopes of regression curves of untreated and treated leachates indicate that protein is more biodegradable than the other organic nitrogen species in landfill leachates. XAD-8 resin was employed to isolate the hydrophilic fraction of leachate samples, hydrophilic organic nitrogen was found to be more biodegradable/bioavailable than the hydrophobic fractions. Furthermore, biological and physical-chemical treatment methods were applied to a landfill biogas (LFG) condensate to explore the feasible treatment alternatives for organic contaminant and arsenic removal efficiency. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) showed effectiveness for the degradation of organic matter, even in an environment containing high levels of arsenic. This indicated a relatively low toxicity of organic arsenic as compared to inorganic arsenic. However, for arsenic removal, oxidation-coagulation, including biological oxidation, conventional oxidation and advanced oxidation followed by ferric salt coagulation, and carbon adsorption were not effective for what is believed to be tri-methyl arsenic. Among these, advanced oxidation-coagulation showed the best treatment efficiency (15.1% removal). Only reverse osmosis (RO) could reduce the arsenic concentration to an acceptable level to meet discharge limits. These results implied high stability and low toxicity of organic arsenic. / Ph. D.