Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-15T18:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vinicius Jos? Fernandes.pdf: 1911449 bytes, checksum: be7cc0bc21735a414b6214599fc45adc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T18:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vinicius Jos? Fernandes.pdf: 1911449 bytes, checksum: be7cc0bc21735a414b6214599fc45adc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / Termites are well known for their great economic importance as pests of various woods and other cellulosic materials. Among the termites harmful to the urban environment, standing out Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), a species introduced in Brazil and frequently occurs in the Southeast region, causing incalculable economic losses to cellulosic materials and to living trees. The objectives of this study were to determine the foraging and feeding preference of the C. gestroi in relation to five types of wood (four forest species and MDF), with or without foraging monitoring device (bait-holder), in eight sites distribuited in different neighborhoods of the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro (Campo Grande, Padre Miguel and two sites in Santa Cruz), S?o Gon?alo (two sites in Alc?ntara) and Serop?dica (UFRRJ and Canto do Rio), RJ. These sites were selected because of the high foraging activity of C. gestroi. In each site, wood stakes of Allantoma lineata (Mart ex O. Berg) Miers, Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch., Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Cheval., Pinus elliottii Engel. and MDF-Medium Density Fiberboard stakes were buried in the soil inside a PVC pipe and free (without pipes), simultaneously, in a situation of choice, equidistant from each other. The stakes remained buried in the soil for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days (n = 320), 50% within the bait-holder. At the end of each exposition period that the stakes remained in the soil, they were unearthed, the frequency of occurrence of C. gestroi on each stake was determine, and they were taken to the laboratory to determine the weight of the stake to calculate the wood consumption by termites. Forage castes, when present at the stakes, they were collected for conclusive identification. The experimental design adopted was the sub-sub split plot, where each type of wood represented a plot, each exposition period a sub-plot and the use or not of bait-holder a sub-sub plot. The Alc?ntara 2 site was the one that obtained the highest occurrence of C. gestroi foragers in the wood stakes. There was no occurrence of foraging in the stakes by C. gestroi in Alc?ntara 1, Santa Cruz 2 and Serop?dica 1 in all periods of exposure, although there was activity of this termite when the stakes were installed. The termite was able to recruit individuals to forage equally all the stakes of the forest species and the MDF. The longer the exposure time of the buried stakes, the greater the occurrence of C. gestroi and the consumption of the stakes by the termite, except in 30 days, since there could have been disturbances during the previous collection. The P. elliottii stakes were more consumed by C. gestroi followed by those of MDF, which were preferentially more consumed than stakes of D. morototonii and A. lineata. When there was both low and medium density woods in contact with the soil C. gestroi did not consume high density M. huberi wood. There was no difference in the occurrence of foraging and consumption of the stakes of the five types of wood with or without bait holder, indicating that this device facilitates the monitoring without interfering in these activities of C. gestroi. / Os t?rmitas s?o conhecidos por sua grande import?ncia econ?mica como pragas de diversas madeiras e de outros materiais celul?sicos. Em ?rea urbana, destaca-se Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), esp?cie introduzida no Brasil, com ocorr?ncia frequente na regi?o Sudeste, causando preju?zos econ?micos incalcul?veis a materiais celul?sicos e ?s ?rvores vivas. Este trabalho objetivou determinar o forrageamento e a prefer?ncia alimentar de C. gestroi em rela??o a cinco tipos de madeira (quatro esp?cies floretais e o MDF), com ou sem dispositivo de monitoramento do forrageamento (porta-isca), em oito locais distribu?dois em diferentes bairros dos munic?pios do Rio de Janeiro (Campo Grande, Padre Miguel e dois locais em Santa Cruz), S?o Gon?alo (dois locais em Alc?ntara) e Serop?dica (UFRRJ e Canto do Rio), RJ. Esses locais foram selecionados por apresentar alta atividade de forrageamento de C. gestroi. Em cada local, estacas de madeira de Allantoma lineata (Mart ex O. Berg) Miers, Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch., Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Cheval., Pinus elliottii Engel. e estacas de MDF- Medium Density Fiberboard (Painel de Madeira de Densidade M?dia), previamente pesadas, foram enterradas no solo dentro de tubos de PVC e livres (sem tubos), em situa??o de escolha, equidistantes uma das outras. As estacas permaneceram enterradas no solo durante 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias (n=320), sendo 50% dentro do porta-isca. Ap?s cada per?odo de perman?ncia das estacas no solo, estas foram desenterradas, determinou-se a frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia de C. gestroi em cada estaca e em seguida levadas para o laborat?rio para determina??o do peso para o c?lculo do consumo de madeira pelos t?rmitas. Castas forrageadoras, quando presentes nas estacas, foram coletadas para identifica??o conclusiva. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de parcela sub-sub dividida, onde cada tipo de madeira representou uma parcela, cada ?poca de avalia??o uma sub-parcela e o uso ou n?o de porta-isca uma sub-sub parcela. O local Alc?ntara 2 foi a que obteve a maior ocorr?ncia de forrageadores de C. gestroi nas estacas de madeira. N?o houve ocorr?ncia de forrageamento nas estacas por C. gestroi em Alc?ntara 1, Santa Cruz 2 e Serop?dica 1 em todos os per?odos de exposi??o, embora existisse atividade desse t?rmita quando da instala??o das estacas. O t?rmita foi capaz de recrutar indiv?duos para forragear igualmente todas as estacas das esp?cies florestais e de MDF. Quanto maior o tempo de exposi??o das estacas enterradas, maior foi a ocorr?ncia de C. gestroi e o consumo das mesmas pelo t?rmita, exceto em 30 dias, pois pode ter ocorrido perturba??es durante a coleta anterior. As estacas de P. elliottii foram mais consumidas por C. gestroi, seguida das de MDF, as quais foram preferencialmente mais consumidas que estacas de D. morototonii e A. lineata. Quando houve simultaneamente madeiras de densidade baixa e m?dia em contato com o solo C. gestroi n?o consomiu a madeira de M. huberi, de densidade alta. N?o houve diferen?a na ocorr?ncia de forrageamento e consumo das estacas dos cinco tipos de madeira com ou sem porta-isca, indicando que este dipositivo facilita o monitoramento sem interferir nessas atividades de C. gestroi.

L'émission de lumière est une puissante technique de localisation dans le domaine de l'analyse de défaillance des circuits intégrés. Depuis plusieurs années, elle est utilisée comme une technique capable de localiser et d'identifier des défauts émissifs, tels que les courants de fuites, en fonctionnement statique du composant. Cependant, l'augmentation d'intégration et des performances des circuits actuels implique l'apparition d'émissions de défauts dynamiques dus à l'utilisation de fréquences de fonctionnement de plus en plus élevées. Ces contraintes imposent une adaptation de la technique d'émission de lumière qui doit donc évoluer en même temps que l'évolution des circuits intégrés. C'est dans ce contexte que de nouveaux modes de détection, liés à l'émission de lumière, est apparu : PICA et TRE. Ainsi, les photons sont collectés en fonction du temps donnant ainsi une place importante à la technique par émission de lumière dynamique pour le debbug et l'analyse de défaillance en procédant à une caractérisation précise des défauts issus des circuits intégrés actuels. Pour répondre aux exigences dues à l'analyse du comportement dynamique des circuits intégrés, des méthodes ont été identifiées à travers la technique PICA et la technique d'émission en temps résolu connue sous le nom de technique mono-point TRE. Cependant, les techniques PICA et TRE sont exposées à un défi continu lié à la diminution des technologies et donc des tensions d'alimentation. Pour analyser des circuits de technologies futures à faible tension d'alimentation, il est nécessaire de considérer différentes approches afin d'améliorer le rapport signal sur bruit. Deux solutions sont présentées dans ce document : un système de détection optimisé et des méthodes de traitement de signal.

Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T18:27:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) D?bora_Ara?jo_de _Carvalho.pdf: 1646528 bytes, checksum: 9dc491b7402a28d39731f09e2ae99069 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T17:36:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) D?bora_Ara?jo_de _Carvalho.pdf: 1646528 bytes, checksum: 9dc491b7402a28d39731f09e2ae99069 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T17:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) D?bora_Ara?jo_de _Carvalho.pdf: 1646528 bytes, checksum: 9dc491b7402a28d39731f09e2ae99069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Canelas-preta s?o galinhas nativas brasileiras, encontradas no estado do Piau? e provavelmente em outros estados do Nordeste. Caracteriza-se por possuir carne de colora??o escura. Sua plumagem ? predominantemente preta, com varia??es de cores na regi?o do pesco?o (branco, dourado e preto) e a cor do dorso ? preta. S?o criadas em sistema tradicionais, a campo. S?o aves que apresentam pouca exig?ncia em manejo, aparentemente s?o r?sticas e resistentes ?s doen?as e parasitas. Objetivou-se caracterizar geneticamente com uso de doze loci de microssat?lites as galinhas nativas Canelas-Preta do estado do Piau? e, tamb?m, caracterizar e analisar a diversidade fenot?pica dessas aves com base em descritores fenot?picos. Para caracteriza??o gen?tica e fenot?pica foram utilizadas, respectivamente, 118 e 116 aves de tr?s munic?pios do estado. Para as an?lises gen?ticas foram utilizados 12 loci de microssat?lites e para as an?lises fenot?picas foram usados 32 descritores morfol?gicos, sendo 21 quantitativos e 11 qualitativos. Para o estudo gen?tico foram estimadas frequ?ncias al?licas em cada loco, heterozigosidades esperada (He) e observada (Ho), ocorr?ncia do equil?brio de Hardy-Weinberg, n?mero efetivo de popula??es e valores de PIC. Tamb?m foram realizadas as an?lises da estat?stica F pela an?lise do FIS (coeficiente de endogamia), AMOVA e componentes principais. Foi gerada uma matriz de dissimilaridade, gr?fico de dispers?o. A an?lise de estrutura populacional foi realizada usando o software STRUCTURE. Na caracteriza??o fenot?pica, os caracteres quantitativos foram submetidos a uma an?lise de vari?ncia. A an?lise estat?stica foi feita utilizando o m?todo dos quadrados m?nimos tendo sido realizadas an?lise da m?dia, m?nimo, m?ximo e coeficiente de varia??o de cada vari?vel e para cada n?cleo. A diversidade gen?tica foi obtida por meio da an?lise de agrupamento. As galinhas nativas Canelas-Preta, apresentaram elevada variabilidade gen?tica para os loci analisados, o que mostra a conserva??o desse material gen?tico. Foi poss?vel verificar a exist?ncia de alta variabilidade gen?tica intrapopulacional, o que indica que os n?cleos foram formados com suficiente variabilidade gen?tica (efeito fundador). Essa elevada diferencia??o gen?tica dentro das popula??es somada a baixa diferencia??o entre as popula??es, permite afirmar que os indiv?duos analisados pertencem a ?nico grupo gen?tico. As galinhas Canelas-Preta apresentam caracter?sticas de aves nativas, uma vez que mostraram semelhan?a nas distribui??es dos descritores qualitativos entre os n?cleos amostrados e varia??o na frequ?ncia desses descritores dentro de cada n?cleo, isso a caracteriza como ra?a e fenotipicamente estruturada, com padr?es uniformes. Possuem caracter?sticas fenot?picas quantitativas de elevado, m?dio e pequeno coeficiente de varia??o, que revela a riqueza genica da ra?a e as qualifica para programas de conserva??o, utiliza??o e melhoramento dos recursos gen?ticos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / ABSTRACT Canelas-preta are Brazilian native chickens, found in the state of Piau? and probably in other states of the Northeast, characterized by having dark colored meat. The plumage is predominantly black with color variations in the hackle (white, gold and black) and the back color is black. These birds are raised in extensive system, allowing little demand in management, being apparently rustics and resistant to diseases and parasites. This study aimed to characterize genetically Canelas-Preta native chickens of the Piau? state by using twelve microsatellite loci and also to characterize and analyze the phenotypic diversity of these birds based on phenotypic descriptors. For genetic and phenotypic characterization were used, respectively, 118 and 116 birds from three towns of the state. For the genetic analyzes were used 12 microsatellite loci and for phenotypic analyzes were used 32 morphological descriptors: 21 quantitative and 11 qualitative. For the genetic study, allele frequencies at each locus, expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho), the occurrence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, effective number of populations and PIC values were estimated. Furthermore, also it have been carried out F statistical analyzes by the analysis of FIS (inbreeding coefficient), AMOVA and main components. One dissimilarity matrix and a scatter plot were generated. The population structure analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE software. In the phenotypic characterization, quantitative characters were subjected to an analysis of variance. The statistical analysis was done by using the method of least squares, the analysis of average, minimum, maximum and coefficient of variation of each variable and for each core was performed. Genetic diversity was obtained by cluster analysis. The Canelas-Preta native chickens presented a high genetic variability for the loci analyzed, which shows the conservation of this genetic material. It was possible to verify the existence of high intrapopulation genetic variability, indicating that the nuclei were formed with sufficient genetic variability (founder effect). This high genetic differentiation within populations coupled with lower differentiation among populations, allows affirming that individuals analyzed belong to single genetic group. The Canelas-Preta native chicken have characteristics of native birds, once there was demonstration of similarity in the distributions of qualitative descriptors between sampled cores and variation in the frequency of those descriptors within each core, so this characterize the Canelas-Preta as a phenotypically structured breed with uniform patterns. This breed has quantitative phenotypic characteristics of high, medium and low coefficient of variation, which reveals its genetic wealth and qualify them for conservation programs, use and improvement of genetic resources.

Submitted by clediane guedes (clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2013-09-18T15:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes(clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2013-09-18T15:53:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-18T15:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disserta??o MB Gouveia_.pdf: 14110251 bytes, checksum: ae0c08f1d5019104e1ed7e0504a3948b (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992-03 / CNPQ / Neste trabalho objetivou-se verificar, teoricamente , a possibilidade de manuten??o de heterozigotos, em popula??es de plantas aut?gamas, na presen?a e na aus?ncia de sele??o dependente de frequ?ncia (SDF). Considerou-se apenas um loco com dois alelos. Utilizou-se a dedu??o alg?brica de formulas referentes a alguns modelos de popula??es e um programa para simular a sucess?o das gera??es em uma calculadora cient?fica avan?ada. Comparou-se os resultados do modelo com os dados obtidos experimentalmente por Allard e Workman (1963) e por Harding, Allard e Smeltzer (1966). Os coeficientes de determina??o foram 0,9653 e 0,9166 para a primeira e a segunda compara??o, respectivamente. Estes coeficientes indicam que o modelo D representa de modo bastante fidedigno as varia??es observadas em popula??es experimentais de plantas predominantemente aut?gamas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JannySDL_DISSERT.pdf: 6567283 bytes, checksum: 921d1baf83c48908caf6247b8a2ad1d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Issues concerning coastal regions, especially the beaches have sparked quite complex because studies are there that most people in the world has secured housing, mainly from the half of the last century, without concern for the natural dynamics of these environments, which have complex interactions of continental and oceanic, coastal responsible for changes in locations that can be perceived in a few years and sometimes even a few days or hours. The search took as main goal, analyze the Genipabu Beach, in the municipality of Extremoz/RN, fragile environment and rapid momentum, which has been occupied in a disorderly and unplanned. Carried out a beach monitoring through profiles beach environments: defined stages morphodynamics; realization of characterize hydrodynamic processes; identification of changes in the landscape. To this end, made necessary a survey from the bibliographic collection for theoretical and conceptual rationale. An empirical step for conducting the environmental characterization of hydrodynamics, leveling and topographic analysis of sediments (in laboratory), for observation of changes in features, influenced, and natural dynamics, anthropic action that increasingly comes taking the characteristics from the natural landscape. Underlines therefore the importance of academic studies in several areas in these environments, for setting up a coastal zoning giving public subsidies for managers for managing and planning the use and occupation of the coast in their areas / As quest?es referentes ?s regi?es costeiras, em especial as praias, t?m suscitado estudos bastante complexos, pois s?o nesses espa?os que a maioria das popula??es do mundo tem fixado moradia, principalmente, a partir da metade do s?culo passado, sem que haja uma preocupa??o com a din?mica natural desses ambientes, que possuem intera??es complexas de processos oce?nicos, continentais e costeiros respons?veis por mudan?as nos locais que podem ser percebidas em poucos anos e, em algumas vezes, at? em poucos dias ou horas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal, analisar a praia de Genipabu, no munic?pio de Extremoz/RN, ambiente fr?gil e de din?mica r?pida, que vem sendo ocupada de maneira desordenada e n?o planejada. Realizado um monitoramento da praia atrav?s de perfis praiais; Definimos os est?gios morfodid?micos; Realizamos uma caracteriza??o dos processos hidrodin?micos e identificamos as altera??es da paisagem. Para tanto, fez-se necess?rio um levantamento a partir do acervo bibliogr?fico para a fundamenta??o te?rico-conceitual. Uma etapa emp?rica para a realiza??o da caracteriza??o ambiental, da hidrodin?mica, do nivelamento topogr?fico e an?lise dos sedimentos (no laborat?rio), para a observa??o das modifica??es nas fei??es de praia, influenciada, al?m da din?mica natural, pela a??o antr?pica que cada vez mais vem descaracterizando a paisagem natural. Evidencia-se, portanto, a import?ncia de estudos nas diversas ?reas acad?micas nesses ambientes, para a configura??o de um zoneamento costeiro dando para os gestores p?blicos subs?dios para a gest?o e planejamentos do uso e ocupa??o do litoral nas suas ?reas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LorenaCBL.pdf: 1131500 bytes, checksum: f844b916fb8784c601514bd7da1743b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / The Tetraodontiformes order is composed for about 400 species of fish, distributed in ten families, with circuntropical distribution. The morphologic diversity of each family reflects in, part, the different levels of specialization. This group represents an ancestry after-Perciformes and constitutes the last branch of the diffusion of the Tele?steos, occupying a position of prominence. The phylogenetics relationships of the Tetraodontiformes exist diverse works examining and, in all, these families are recognized as groups brothers, being Diodontidae next to Tetraodontidae and Balistidae next to Monacanthidae. Although it possesss a representative number of species, the works involving of the families Balistidae and Monacanthidae are few exemplary, especially species of oceanic islands. In this work cytogenetic studies in five species had been analyzed Cantherhines macrocerus, Cantherhines pullus (Monacanthidae), Melichthys niger (Balistidae), Sphoeroides testud?neus (Tetraodontidae) and Chilomycterus antennatus (Diodontidae); through conventional coloration, Ag-NORs and C banding. Ahead of the different karyological trends of evolution presented by the Tetraodontiformes, the present work also searched to verify the relation existence enters the total size of the chromosomes with the amount of DNA in these groups of Tetraodontiformes. For such, they had been correlated the total size of the chromosomes of these species, with values of content of available DNA in literature. The cytogenetics analyses for the species C.macrocerusJ C.pullus (Monacanthidae) and M.niger (Balistidae), had disclosed 40 chromosomes, all acrocentrics. All possess only one pair of NORs and pericentromeric heterochromatin. For S.testud?neus the found dyploid number was equal 2n=46, with NF=78 (16m+18sm+8st+4a), while that for C.antennatus it possesss 2n=50, with NF=76 (4m+22st+24a). Both species possess simple NORs and pericentromeric heterochromatin blocks. In M.niger, the presence of positive marking (heterochromatin and NOR) in the secondary constriction in the second chromosomic pair suggesting the occurrence of a rearrangement, possibly a fusing involving these homologous ones, indicating that these events had been important for the establishment of the karyological history of this group. A maintenance of the chromosomic constancy found in the populations of C.macrocerus (Monacanthidae) and S.testudineus (Tetraodontidae) perhaps if must for the aiding of the gene flow through oceanic chains. These data contrast with the differentiated kinds of chromosomes of C.antennatus between the Northeast coast and Southeastern, suggesting that the ecological standards of each species, added to the conditions of the marine environment, can be responsible for the karyological delineation of each species. The found characteristics for the species C.macrocerus, C.pullus, M.niger, S.testudineus and C.antennatus add it the available data for other species of Tetraodontiformes. From the data gotten in the present study, it can be inferred that the DNA content possesss direct relation with the total length of the chromosomes / RESUMO A ordem Tetraodontiformes ? composta por cerca de 400 esp?cies de peixes, distribu?das em dez fam?lias, com distribui??o circuntropical. A diversidade morfol?gica de cada fam?lia reflete em, parte, os diferentes n?veis de especializa??o. Este grupo representa uma linhagem p?s-Perciformes e constitui o ?ltimo ramo da difus?o dos Tele?steos, ocupando uma posi??o filogen?tica de destaque. Nesta ordem encontram-se algumas das esp?cies de peixes mais conhecidas popularmente, os baiacus, fam?lias Diodontidae e Tetraodontidae; e os cangulos, fam?lias Balistidae e Monacanthidae. Existem diversos trabalhos examinando as rela??es filogen?ticas dos Tetraodontiformes e, em todos, estas fam?lias s?o reconhecidas como grupos irm?os, sendo Diodontidae mais pr?ximo de Tetraodontidae e Balistidae mais pr?ximo de Monacanthidae. Embora possua um n?mero representativo de esp?cies, s?o poucos os trabalhos citogen?ticos envolvendo exemplares das fam?lias Balistidae e Monacanthidae, especialmente esp?cies insulares. Neste trabalho foram analisadas citogeneticamente as esp?cies Cantherhines macrocerus, Cantherhines pullus (Monacanthidae), Melichthys niger (Balistidae), Sphoeroides testudineus (Tetraodontidae) e Chilomycterus antennatus (Diodontidae); atrav?s de colora??o convencional, Ag-RONs e bandamento C. Diante das diferentes tend?ncias de evolu??o cariot?picas apresentadas pelos Tetraodontiformes, o presente trabalho tamb?m buscou verificar a exist?ncia de rela??o entre o tamanho total dos cromossomos com a quantidade de DNA nestes grupos de Tetraodontiformes. Para tal, foram correlacionados o tamanho total do complemento hapl?ide destas esp?cies, com valores de conte?do de DNA dispon?veis na literatura. As an?lises citogen?ticas para as esp?cies C.macrocerus, C.pullus (Monacanthidae) e M.niger (Balistidae), revelaram um cari?tipo composto de 40 cromossomos, todos acroc?ntricos. Todas possuem apenas um par de RONs e heterocromatina pericentrom?rica. Para S.testudineus o n?mero dipl?ide encontrado foi igual a 2n=46, com NF=78 (16m+18sm+8st+4a), enquanto que para C.antennatus possui 2n=50, com NF=76 (4m+22st+24a). Ambas esp?cies possuem RONs simples e blocos heterocrom?ticos centrom?ricos. Em M. niger, a presen?a de marca??o positiva (heterocromatina e RON) na constri??o secund?ria no 2?par cromoss?mico em M. niger sugerindo a ocorr?ncia de um rearranjo, possivelmente uma fus?o envolvendo estes hom?logos, indicando que estes eventos foram importantes para o estabelecimento dos cari?tipos deste grupo.A manuten??o da const?ncia cariot?pica encontrada nas popula??es de C. macrocerus (Monacanthidae) e Sphoeroides testudineus (Tetraodontidae) talvez se deva pelo favorecimento do fluxo g?nico atrav?s das correntes oce?nicas. Estes dados contrastam com os cit?tipos diferenciados de C.antennatus entre a costa Nordeste e Sudeste, sugerindo que os padr?es ecol?gicos de cada esp?cie, somados ?s condi??es do meio ambiente marinho, possam ser respons?veis pela delinea??o cariot?opica de cada esp?cie. As caracter?sticas citogen?ticas encontradas para as esp?cies C.macrocerus, C.pullus, M.niger, S.testudineus e C.antennatus somam-se aos dados dispon?veis para outras esp?cies de Tetraodontiformes. A partir dos dados obtidos no presente estudo, pode-se inferir que o conte?do de DNA possui rela??o direta com o comprimento total do genoma

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-21T13:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ClovisCoutinhoDaMottaNeto_TESE.pdf: 24405489 bytes, checksum: f4b763bedf2b803da39f795bc3d80ff3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-23T15:58:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ClovisCoutinhoDaMottaNeto_TESE.pdf: 24405489 bytes, checksum: f4b763bedf2b803da39f795bc3d80ff3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T15:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClovisCoutinhoDaMottaNeto_TESE.pdf: 24405489 bytes, checksum: f4b763bedf2b803da39f795bc3d80ff3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / O Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A S?rie Percomorpha ? maior divis?o entre os vertebrados, constituindo o maior e mais derivado clado de peixes tele?steos. Dentre suas Ordens, Perciformes e Labriformes constituem modelos adequados ? investiga??o do conservadorismo e diversifica??o cromoss?mica. Em Perciformes o conservadorismo cromoss?mico ? representado por cari?tipos basais com 2n=48 acroc?ntricos, extensivamente compartilhados por uma parcela consider?vel de esp?cies. As causas e extens?o do conservadorismo cariot?pico em v?rias fam?lias desta Ordem n?o s?o inteiramente claras. Diante da diversidade de esp?cies em Labriformes, aspectos mais detalhados de sua evolu??o cariot?pica ou mesmo status taxon?mico de algumas esp?cies merecem particular aten??o. Com vistas a contribuir com novas informa??es sobre essas quest?es foram implementadas an?lises cromoss?micas convencionais (colora??o convencional com Giemsa, bandamento C e Ag-RONs, fluocrocromos base-espec?ficos) e citomoleculares (hibridiza??o in situ com sondas DNAr 18S, DNAr 5S). Oito esp?cies dos g?neros Anisotremus e Haemulon da fam?lia Haemulidae (Perciformes) foram analisadas, incluindo amostras de diferentes ?reas do Atl?ntico, como modelo de evolu??o conservativa. Em 2 esp?cies do g?nero Bodianus da fam?lia Labridae (Labriformes), foram analisados tamb?m aspectos da evolu??o de sequ?ncias repetitivas particulares (DNAr 18S, DNAr 5S, Alu e Tol2) nos cromossomos por hibridiza??o com 5 metilcitosina (5mC). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas compara??es filogen?ticas, utilizando sequ?ncias de DNA mitocondrial (COI e 16S) e nuclear (Rodopsina) para verificar o status taxon?mico da esp?cie Bodianus insularis, end?mica das ilhas Meso-Atl?nticas. Todas as esp?cies de Haemulidae apresentaram 2n=48a, s?tios Ag-RONs simples e heterocromatina centrom?rica reduzida, al?m de consider?vel compartilhamento de s?tios de DNAr 5S e 18S, confirmando a ocorr?ncia de estase cariot?pica na fam?lia. Os padr?es cariot?picos das popula??es de A. virginicus e H. chrysargyreum entre o Caribe e Atl?ntico Sul n?o revelaram varia??es cromoss?micas decorrentes da barreira dos des?gues dos rios Amazonas/Orinoco. Em Bodianus, as an?lises identificaram uma not?vel regi?o descondensada em um par cromoss?mico subteloc?ntrico, denominada regi?o BOD. Entre suas caracter?sticas constitutivas e funcionais particulares, se mostram DAPI-, argentof?lica (Ag+), marcantemente hipometilada e saturada de elementos transpon?veis, sugerindo que a participa??o destes elementos m?veis pode ter contribu?do para sua g?nese e din?mica epigen?tica complexa. Quanto a esp?cie end?mica B. insularis, sua diverg?ncia gen?tica ? muito inferior ? apresentada por esp?cies diferenciadas sugerindo que embora represente um grupo geograficamente isolado, constitua uma sinon?mia de B. pulchellus. A diverg?ncia nos ritmos de diversifica??o cariot?pica entre Haemulidae e Labridae ? aqui discutida ? luz de caracter?sticas cariot?picas intr?nsecas que podem favorecer o tamponamento e a fixa??o de mudan?as cromoss?micas e aspectos biol?gicos das esp?cies que contribuem para as condi??es particulares de evolu??o cariot?pica desses dois grupos de peixes marinhos. / Percomorpha series is the largest division among vertebrates, constituting the largest and most derived clade of teleostean fishes. Among its Orders, Perciformes and Labriformes constitue adequated models for the investigation of conservatism and chromosomal diversification. In Perciformes the chromosomal conservatism is represented by basal karyotypes with 2n = 48 acrocentric, extensively shared by a considerable portion of species. The causes and extent of the karyotypic conservatism in various families of this Order are not entirely clear. In front of the diversity of species in Labriformes, more detailed aspects of its karyotype evolution or even the taxonomic status of some species deserve particular attention. In order to contribute with new information on these issues, it was implemented conventional chromosome analysis (conventional staining with Giemsa, C-banding and Ag- NORs, base-specific fluochromes) and cytomolecular (in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA) probes were implemented. Eight species of the genera Anisotremus and Haemulon of the family Haemulidae (Perciformes) were analyzed, including samples from different areas of the Atlantic, as a model of conservative evolution. In 2 species of the Bodianus genus Labridae (Labriformes), it was also analyzed aspects of the evolution of particular repetitive sequences (DNAr 18S, DNAr 5S, Alu and Tol2) in the chromosomes by hybridization with 5 methylcytosine (5mC). Additionally, phylogenetic comparisons were performed using mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (Rhodopsin) DNA sequences to verify the taxonomic status of the Bodianus insularis species, endemic to the Meso-Atlantic islands. All Haemulidae species presented 2n = 48a, single Ag-NORs sites and reduced centromeric heterochromatin, besides considerable sharing of rDNA 5S and 18S sites, confirming the occurrence of karyotype stasis in the family. The karyotypic patterns of the populations of A. virginicus and H. chrysargyreum between the Caribbean and the South Atlantic did not reveal chromosomal variations due to the barrier of the discharges of the Amazonas / Orinoco rivers. In Bodianus, the analyzes identified a remarkable decondensed region in a subtelocentric chromosomal pair, denominated BOD region. Among its particular constitutive and functional characteristics, it is DAPI-, Argentof?lica (Ag +), markedly hypomethylated and saturated with transposable elements, suggesting that the participation of these mobile elements may have contributed to its genesis and complex epigenetic dynamics. In relation to the endemic species B. insularis its genetic divergence is much inferior to that presented by differentiated species suggesting that although it represents a geographically isolated group, it constitutes a synonym of B. pulchellus. The divergence in the rates of karyotype diversification between Haemulidae and Labridae is discussed here in the light of intrinsic karyotype characteristics that may favor the buffering and the fixation of chromosomal changes and biological aspects of the species that contributes to particular conditions of karyotype evolution of these two groups of marine fish.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-09T22:09:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T22:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SavioArcanjoSantosNascimentoDeMoraes_DISSERT.pdf: 3382313 bytes, checksum: d29b0d639c0367f1cb819ebeb2afb377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Macrobrachium jelskii ? uma esp?cie de ampla distribui??o no nordeste brasileiro, e ocorrendo em toda Am?rica do Sul. Contudo, nenhum estudo acerca a filogeografia, varia??es morfol?gicas locais e variabilidade gen?tica das popula??es desta esp?cie foi efetuado. Esta esp?cie de camar?o, pode revelar informa??es importantes sobre o padr?o de dispers?o e vicariantes correlatos ? cen?rios de arranjos tect?nicos pret?ritos e outros eventos que possam ter influenciado a biogeografia dos taxa aqu?tico. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a diversidade fenot?pica e molecular das popula??es do camar?o Macrobrachium jelskii, nas ecorregi?es Nordeste M?dio Oriental, Maranh?o Piau? e S?o Francisco, frente a influ?ncia de cen?rios pret?ritos e respostas ambientais locais. Este trabalho utilizou uma abordagem de Sistem?tica integrativa, a morfometria geom?trica multivariada, an?lises filogen?ticas e de estrutura??o gen?tica. A morfometria geom?trica, revelou dimorfismo sexual evidente, em que f?meas apresentaram cefalot?rax e abd?men mais estirados horizontalmente. Isto, possivelmente, favorece o desenvolvimento gonadal, vitelog?nese e armazenamento dos ovos. Abstra??o da forma dos tr?s planos corporais n?o demostrou um consenso acerca da estrutura??o das popula??es entre de M. jelskii no Nordeste Brasileiro. Tal fato corrobora com a baixa diversidade nucleot?dica e haplot?pica, em que foi relatado apenas um hapl?tipo compartilhado entre as popula??es das bacias. Assim, ratificando a possibilidade de introdu??o da esp?cie nos corpos d??gua do Nordeste pelo DNOCS. Em adi??o, os dados gen?ticos relataram a presen?a de ru?dos e picos duplos no eletroferograma, que representa co-amplifica??o de pseudogenes mitocondriais da regi?o Citocromo Oxidase I, pouco relatadas na literatura para o g?nero Macrobrachium. Este fato abre um precedente de desconfian?a para rela??es filogen?ticas e filogeogr?ficas publicadas, recentemente que n?o retratam isto. Sabendo que esta caracter?stica pode gerar uma superestima??o de linhagens evolutivas e, assim, conclus?es err?neas sobre eventos dispersivos, vicariantes ou de especia??o, se faz de suma import?ncia retratar os casos de pseudogenes e a utiliza??o de iniciadores espec?ficos para cada t?xon. / Macrobrachium jelskii is a widely distributed species in northeastern Brazil, occurring throughout South America. However, no studies on phylogeography, local morphological variations and genetic variability of the populations of this species were carried out. This prawn species can reveal important information on the dispersion pattern and related vicariates for scenarios of past tectonic arrangements and other events that have influenced the biogeography of the aquatic taxa. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate a phenotypic and molecular diversity of the prawn M. jelskii populations in the Mid-Northeast Caatinga, Maranho Piau? and S?o Francisco ecoregions, influenced by past scenarios and environmental local responses. This scientific article uses an approach of Integrative Systematics, a multivariate geometric morphometry, phylogenetic analyzes and genetic structuring. Geometric morphometry showed evident sexual dimorphism, in which females presented cephalothorax and abdomen more horizontally stretched. This possibly favors gonadal development, vitellogenesis and egg storage. Abstraction of the shape of the three body planes does not demonstrate a consensus on the structuring of the populations between M. jelskii in the Northeast of Brazil. This fact corroborates a low nucleotide and haplotype diversity, in which only one haplotype was shared among the populations of the basins. Thus, ratifying a possibility of introduction in the Northeast area by DNOCS. In addition, the genetic data reported a presence of noises and double peaks not electropherogram, which represents co-amplification of mitochondrial pseudogenes of the region Cytochrome Oxidase I, little reported in the literature for the genus Macrobrachium. This fact show a precedent of mistrust for published phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships, which recently did not depict this. Knowing that this characteristic can generate an overestimation of evolutionary lineages and, thus, erroneous conclusions on dispersive, vicarious or speciation events, it is of importance to report the cases of pseudogenes and the use of specific molecular primers for each taxon.

BACKGROUND: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of aneurysms with poorer neurological outcomes compared to other intracranial aneurysms. At first, as part A, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms. Subsequently, as part B, we performed a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the outcome in a large series of patients treated with contemporary microsurgical and endovascular techniques. METHODS: For the meta-analysis, a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science was done for studies published through November 2015. We included studies that described treatment of PICA-aneurysms with ≥10 patients. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following outcomes: complete occlusion, technical success, periprocedural morbidity/mortality, stroke rates, aneurysm recurrence/rebleed, CN-palsies rates, and long-term neurological morbidity/mortality. As the second part, aiming to report the current trends and results in treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms, records of 94 patients treated for PICA-aneurysms between 2000 and 2015 at 3 large referral neurovascular centers were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, we...

Despite potentially severe medical consequences of pica and rumination disorder (RD), little is known about their prevalence and association with other psychopathology in childhood. As a part of a larger population-based study, 804 youths aged 7–14 years and their parents were asked about their experience of pica and RD behaviors, and associated eating, feeding and general psychopathology. A total of 12.31% and 11.49% of youth reported having engaged in pica or RD behaviors at least once. Recurring pica or RD behaviors had been experienced by 4.98% and 1.49% of the participants. The behaviors showed a significant, but small correlation with one another (r = .28, p < .01). Correlations with symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) were significant, but small (pica: r = .18, RD: r = .27, both p < .01). Prevalence rates of recurring pica behavior were significantly increased if recurring RD was present (58.33%), and also greater vice versa (17.50%). The prevalence rates for recurrent pica and RD behaviors were also increased in the presence of an ARFID diagnosis (both behaviors 12.0%). However, correlations with restraint, eating, weight, and shape concern were nonsignificant (all p > .05). In addition, RD behavior was positively correlated with emotional and conduct problems (r = .15 and .22, both p < .01) and both behaviors were negatively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = −.10 and −.09, both p < .05). Our findings underscore the clinical significance of pica and RD behaviors. More research is warranted on both disorders, their association and their relation with ARFID, in order to reach a further understanding of their presentation and to ascertain diagnostic validity.