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This paper examines the Ontario Securities Commission's regulation of poison pills as well as several proposals to reform the current regulatory regime. In particular, the paper argues that regulation and reforms should be viewed within the context of two fundamental, normative questions that underlie much of corporate law: what is the purpose of the corporation, and who should determine whether these goals are being met. After outlining several competing theories, the paper explains why a corporate model based on the shareholder-centric, wealth maximization theory is best suited for hostile takeover situations. Additionally, the paper argues that a structural bid reform that would require hostile bidders to include minimum tender conditions and additional opportunities for target company shareholders to tender following a successful bid would provide the best way to incorporate this corporate model into Ontario securities regulation.

This paper examines the Ontario Securities Commission's regulation of poison pills as well as several proposals to reform the current regulatory regime. In particular, the paper argues that regulation and reforms should be viewed within the context of two fundamental, normative questions that underlie much of corporate law: what is the purpose of the corporation, and who should determine whether these goals are being met. After outlining several competing theories, the paper explains why a corporate model based on the shareholder-centric, wealth maximization theory is best suited for hostile takeover situations. Additionally, the paper argues that a structural bid reform that would require hostile bidders to include minimum tender conditions and additional opportunities for target company shareholders to tender following a successful bid would provide the best way to incorporate this corporate model into Ontario securities regulation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Orientadores: Lúcia Figueiredo Mourão, Irene Harumi Kamata Barcelos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_DeborahBrandaode_M.pdf: 1676255 bytes, checksum: 20e7b98534b873548a2976e2eafe56dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Pessoas idosas frequentemente referem dificuldades para deglutir comprimidos, principalmente cápsulas grandes. Além disso, existe uma série de fatores que podem afetar o processo de deglutição, entre eles a consistência do alimento e a idade. As medidas de duração e da localização do bolo no início da elevação laríngea são significantes no estudo da deglutição. Objetivo: avaliar a duração das fases da deglutição de cápsulas gelatinosas duras com as consistências líquida e pudim e avaliar a localização de cápsulas de diferentes tamanhos no início da elevação laríngea. Método: Realizou-se a videofluoroscopia em 50 idosos de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 65 e 92 anos, sem disfagia diagnosticada, avaliados com cápsulas gelatinosas duras #00 e #3 contendo sulfato de bário, deglutidas com alimentos nas consistências líquida e pudim, em livre oferta. Realizaram-se análise intra e inter julgadores. A análise estatística baseou-se nos testes Shapiro-Wilk, Mahn-Whitney, Wilcoxon e Pearson. Resultados: Avaliou-se 15 sujeitos do sexo masculino e 35 do feminino. Na avaliação da duração com cápsulas #00 a fase oral apresentou maior tempo de duração (p= 0,0054) na consistência mais viscosa. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as consistências líquida e pudim na localização das cápsulas #00 (p=0,009) e #3 (p=0,002) no início da elevação laríngea, sendo mais posteriorizadas para a consistência pudim. Conclusão: A deglutição de cápsulas com a consistência pudim apresentou uma maior duração de fase oral comparada com a consistência líquida. O início da elevação laríngea na deglutição de cápsulas com o auxílio da consistência pudim ocorreu mais posteriormente quando comparado com a ingesta com o líquido, para a população idosa estudada / Abstract: Elderly people frequently report difficulty swallowing pills, especially larger capsules. Moreover, there are several factors that can affect the process of swallowing, including food consistency and age. The measurements of duration and the location of bolus during the onset of the laryngeal elevation are significant in deglutition study. Pessoas idosas frequentemente referem dificuldades para deglutir comprimidos, principalmente cápsulas grandes. Além disso, existe uma série de fatores que podem afetar o processo de deglutição, entre eles a consistência do alimento e a idade. As medidas de duração e a localização do bolo no início da elevação laríngea são significantes no estudo da deglutição. Objective: To verify the timing measures of capsules swallowing among elderly individuals and to evaluate capsules position in laryngeal elevate triggering in non dysphagic elders. Methods: Video fluoroscopy was performed in 50 individuals of both genders, all of them between 65 and 92 years of age, which were tested hard gelatin capsules #00 and #3 fulfilled with barium paste, which were swallowed along with food on the consistencies liquid and pudding, in free volume. It was performed intrajudge and interjudge analysis. Statistical analysis was based on Shapiro-Wilk, Mahn-Whitney, Wilcoxon test and Pearson Correlation. Results: 15 male subjects and 35 female subjects were evaluated. In evaluation with capsules #00, oral phase had a longer duration (p= 0,0054) with the more viscous consistency. There was statistically significant difference between consistencies liquid and pudding in the capsules location with capsule #00 (p= 0,009) and #3 (p= 0,002). Conclusion: Swallowing capsules with a pudding consistency increases the duration of oral phase compared with food on the consistencies liquid and pudding. The onset of the laryngeal elevation when swallowing capsules with food on the consistencies pudding occurred more posteriorly than with liquid for the elderly population studied / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestra em Gerontologia

In the last few years, the prevalence of legal party pills in New Zealand has risen dramatically. These pills contain new piperazine designer drugs, two of the more common being 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP). This thesis describes an optimised LC-MS/MS method for the detection of BZP and TFMPP in whole blood, using an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) for sample clean-up. The method was validated on three different days using five replicate samples each day. The standard curve was linear from 7 - 7000 ng/mL for BZP and 10 - 10,000 ng/mL for TFMPP, with coefficients of variation (CV) below 10%, and accuracy greater than 90% for both drugs. The method was used to quantitate samples provided by the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand. Blood levels were used to show concentrations in the blood over time, and relate these to performance of subjects on a driving simulator. The study was stopped after 41% of the participants who received BZP and TFMPP had adverse reactions to the pills, including vomiting and migraines. The LC-MS/MS method was also used to detect and quantitate methamphetamine, amphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, morphine, codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine in hair. The drugs were extracted from 20 mg of hair using hydrochloric acid in a water bath overnight, then purified using SPE. Validation on three days with five replicate samples gave coefficients of variation (CV) below 12% and acceptable accuracy for all drugs. The method was tested on three samples, previously reported by Environmental Science and Research (ESR) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) giving results in good agreement. This thesis describes a sensitive, accurate, reproducible LC-MS/MS method easily adapted to analyse drugs of abuse in different biological matrices. It demonstrates the versatility of LC-MS/MS and its applications in forensic work.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-04-03T15:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriGomesPaivaAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 534625 bytes, checksum: f1f04067c2b7559d6f332d54207948a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-10T23:15:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriGomesPaivaAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 534625 bytes, checksum: f1f04067c2b7559d6f332d54207948a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T23:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriGomesPaivaAzevedo_DISSERT.pdf: 534625 bytes, checksum: f1f04067c2b7559d6f332d54207948a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar se as poison pills exercem influ?ncia no n?vel de gerenciamento de resultados das companhias listadas na B3. Para isso, foram coletados dados referentes ? presen?a desse dispositivo anti-takeover bem como de cl?usulas acess?rias ?p?treas? associadas ?s poison pills nos estatutos sociais de 225 companhias n?o-financeiras. As informa??es necess?rias para estima??o dos accruals discricion?rios pelo modelo proposto por Dechow, Sloan e Sweeney (1995), assim como as vari?veis de controle inseridas no modelo econom?trico, foram obtidas por meio da base de dados Bloomberg?, compreendendo o per?odo 2010-2016. Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que a ado??o das poison pills n?o exerce influ?ncia significativa no n?vel de gerenciamento de resultados. Entretanto, a inexist?ncia dessa rela??o n?o sinaliza que essas companhias n?o est?o envolvidas em pr?ticas de gerenciamento de resultados, uma vez que a dummy Poisonpill n?o se apresenta estatisticamente distinta do grupo base, composto por companhias que n?o adotam poison pills e que apresentam rela??o negativa e significativa com os accruals discricion?rios. Por fim, no contexto nacional, foram encontradas evid?ncias de que as cl?usulas ?p?treas? podem ser inseridas nos estatutos sociais visando exacerbar o n?vel de gerenciamento de resultados, visto que os achados demonstram que as poison pills com cl?usulas ?p?treas? efetivamente se diferenciam das poison pills, apresentando rela??o positiva e estatisticamente significativa com os accruals discricion?rios. / This study aims to investigate if the poison pills influences on the earnings management level of the companies listed in B3. For this, data were collected regarding the presence of this antitakeover device as well as of ?eternity? accessory clauses associated with the poison pills in the bylaws of 225 non-financial companies. The informations that are necessary to estimate the accruals discretionary by the model proposed by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney (1995), as well as the control variables inserted in the econometric model, were obtained through the Bloomberg? database, comprising the period 2010-2016. Based on the results, it was verified that the the adoption of the poison pills doesn?t have a significant influence on the earnings management level. However, the non-existence of this relationship doesn?t indicate that these companies are not involved in earnings management practices, since the Poisonpill dummy is not statistically distinct from the base group, which is composed by companies that do not adopt poison pills and that present negative and significant relation with the discretionary accruals. Finally, in the national context, evidence has been found that "eternity" clauses can be inserted into the bylaws to exacerbate the level of earnings management, since the findings demonstrate that poison pills with "etenity" clauses effectively differentiate themselves of the poison pills, presenting a positive and statistically significant relation with discretionary accruals.