Orientador: Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:41:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pontes_DanielsonGuedes_D.pdf: 2244175 bytes, checksum: e175c16412f9bcc592b5f82e347026a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a resistência de união entre pinos de fibra de vidro/dentina radicular através de "push-out" e nanoinfiltração, e ainda, a influência da solução irrigadora do canal radicular - clorexidina 2% - na qualidade da adesão de cimentos auto-adesivos. Método: Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizados dois experimentos. Noventa e oito raízes bovinas foram utilizadas no teste de push-out (n=10) e dezoito raízes foram separadas para a análise da nanoinfiltração (n=3) na interface de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com diferentes materiais, que foram divididas em 6 grupos: RelyX Unicem (UNC); RelyX U100 (UCE); Scothbond Multiuso Plus ativação química + RelyX CRA (ASR); Scothbond Multiuso Plus ativação física + RelyX CRA (SBR); Clearfil SE Bond/ED Prime + Panavia F 2.0 (CEP); Clearfil SE Bond + Panavia F 2.0 (CFP). Os pinos foram cimentados no canal radicular de acordo com as recomendações de cada fabricante. Para o ensaio de push-out, foram obtidas fatias com 1,0 mm de espessura dos terços cervical, médio e apical de cada raiz, e o teste foi conduzido em máquina de ensaio universal na velocidade de 0,5 mm por minuto. Para a análise da nanoinfiltração, as fatias foram imersas em solução de nitrato de prata amoniacal (AgNO3) para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Posteriormente, para a an lise da influência do digluconato de clorexidine na resistência à união e nanoinfiltração de cimentos auto-adesivos, foram formados 4 grupos: RelyX Unicem (UNC); RelyX U100 (UCE); Clorexidine 2% + RelyX Unicem (UNX); Clorexidine 2% + RelyX U100 (UCX). Os resultados foram analisados através de análise de variância com parcela subdividida (p<0,05). Resultados: Sistemas de fixação: Entre as técnicas de cimentação, no terço médio, o S mostrou a maior resistência com diferença estat stica para os sistemas EP, FP e UN . Somente o grupo FP apresentou diferença estat stica significativa entre os terços radiculares, com menor resultado no terço apical quando comparado ao terço cervical. No terço cervical, a menor média foi do grupo S apresentando diferença estat stica significativa para o grupo S . Nanoinfiltração: No terço apical o CFP apresentou a maior nanoinfiltração com diferença estatística significativa para os terços médio e cervical, e também para os outros sistemas. Clorexidina: O uso da clorexidina como solução irrigadora do canal radicular diminuiu significativamente a resistência adesiva dos cimentos auto-adesivos. Em todos os grupos houve a presença de nanoinfiltração e na interface adesiva e não foi observada a formação de camada híbrida. Conclusão: O uso de sistemas adesivos que empregam prévio condicionamento ácido e possuem ativação química possibilitou melhores resultados de resistência à união e melhor qualidade da camada híbrida. O uso de ativador químico para o sistema adesivo autocondicionante, permitiu melhora significativa da união na região mais profunda da raíz. A irrigação prévia do canal radicular com clorexidine 2% influenciou negativamente a resistência adesiva dos cimentos auto-adesivos / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the bond interface between glass fiber post/root dentin by means of push-out and nanoleakage tests, as well as the influence of the root canal irrigant solution - 2% chlorhexidine - on the bond quality of self-adhesive cements. Methods: In order to develop this study two analysis were performed. Bovine roots were used in the push-out test (n=10) and eighteen roots were separated for analysis of nanoleakage (n=3) at the interface of glass fiber posts cemented with different adhesive techniques, which were divided into six groups: RelyX Unicem (UNC); RelyX U100 (UCE); Scotchbond Multipurpose chemical activation + RelyX ARC (ASR); Scotchbond Multipurpose physical activation + RelyX ARC (SBR); Clearfil SE Bond / ED Prime + Panavia F 2.0 (CEP); Clearfil SE Bond + Panavia F 2.0 (CFP). The posts were cemented in the root canal in accordance with the recommendations of each manufacturer. For the push-out test 1.0 mm thick slices were obtained of the cervical, middle and apical thirds of each root, and the test was conducted in a universal test machine at a speed of 0.5 mm per minute. To analyze nanoleakage, the disc-shaped specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, to analyze the influence of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate in bond strength and nanoleakage of the self-adhesive cements, were formed four groups: RelyX Unicem (UNC); RelyX U100 (UCE); 2% Chlorhexidine + RelyX Unicem (UNX); 2% Chlorhexidine + RelyX U100 (UCX). The results were analyzed using analysis of variance with subdivided parcel (p<0.05). Results: Fixation Systems: Among the cementation techniques in the middle third, ASR showed the highest bond strength with statistical difference from the CEP, CFP and UNC systems. Only CFP presented statistically significant difference between the roots thirds, with the lower result in the apical third compared with the cervical third. In the other groups there was no significant difference among the different root thirds. In the cervical third, the lowest mean was obtained by SBR presenting statistically significant difference from ASR. Nanoleakage: In the apical third CFP presented the greatest nanoleakage with statistically significant difference from the middle and cervical thirds, and also from the other systems. Chlorhexidine: The use of chlorhexidine as root canal irrigant solution significantly reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive cements. There was nanoleakage at the adhesive interface and hybrid layer formation was not observed, in all groups. Conclusions: The use of adhesive systems that use previous acid etching and are chemical setting enables better adhesive bond strength and better hybrid layer quality to be obtained. The use of chemical activator for the self-etching system allowed a significant improvement of the bond in the deepest region of the root. Prior root canal irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine negatively influenced the bond strength of self-adhesive cements / Doutorado / Dentística / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

Modeling and simulations are useful tools to help understand knee function and injuries. As there are more muscles in the human knee joint than equations of motion, optimization protocols are required to solve a problem. The purpose of this thesis was to improve the biofidelity of these simulations by adding in vivo constraints derived from experimental intra-cortical pin data and stability-inspired objective functions within an OpenSim-Matlab forward-inverse dynamics simulation framework on lower limb muscle activation predictions. Results of this project suggest that constraining the model knee joint’s ranges of motion with pin data had a significant impact on lower limb kinematics, especially in rotational degrees of freedom. This affected muscle activation predictions and knee joint loading when compared to unconstrained kinematics. Furthermore, changing the objective will change muscle activation predictions although minimization of muscle activation as an objective remains more accurate than the stability inspired functions, at least for gait. /// La modélisation et les simulations in-silico sont des outils importants pour approfondir notre compréhension de la fonction du genou et ses blessures. Puisqu’il y a plus de muscles autour du genou humain que d’équations de mouvement, des procédures d’optimisation sont requises pour résoudre le système. Le but de cette thèse était d’explorer l’effet de changer l’objectif de cette optimisation à des fonctions inspirées par la stabilité du genou par l’entremise d’un cadre de simulation de dynamique directe et inverse utilisant MatLab et OpenSim ainsi qu'un model musculo-squelétaire contraint cinématiquement par des données expérimentales dérivées de vis intra-corticales, sur les prédictions d’activation musculaire de la jambe. Les résultats de ce projet suggèrent que les contraintes de mouvement imposées sur le genou modélisé ont démontré des effets importants sur la cinématique de la jambe et conséquemment sur les prédictions d'activation musculaire et le chargement du genou. La fonction objective de l'optimisation change aussi les prédictions d’activations musculaires, bien que la fonction minimisant la consommation énergétique soit la plus juste, du moins pour la marche.

Gullies are significant contributors of sediment to streams in the southeastern USA. This study investigated gully erosion in the clay-rich soils of east Tennessee under a humid subtropical climate. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate long-term erosion rates for different gully geomorphic settings, (2) compare patterns of erosion for the different settings, and (3) model the response of gully erosion to freeze-thaw events. Erosion was measured weekly from June 2012 to August 2018 using 105 erosion pins distributed in gully channels, interfluves, and sidewalls. Erosion rates were estimated from average slopes of lines of best fit of pin lengths versus time. Maximum and minimum temperature was calculated daily using an on-site weather station and freeze-thaw events were identified. Gully erosion was modeled using antecedent freeze-thaw activity for the three geomorphic settings. Long-term erosion rates in channels, interfluves, and sidewalls were 2.5 mm/year, 20 mm/year, and 21 mm/year, respectively; however, week-by-week erosion was statistically different between the three settings, indicating different erosive drivers. Models of erosion with lagged freeze-thaw variables explained up to 34.8% of the variability in erosion variables; sidewall erosion was most highly related to freeze-thaw activity. Freeze-thaw in prior weeks was an important variable in all erosion models.

As technology becomes more prevalent, its application to safety and security in critical systems continues to increase. This leads to an increased dependence on sensors to provide an accurate view of the environment surrounding an application. These sensors can also be exploited by a malicious individual to attack a system and compromise its safety or security. These attacks change the reported value of a sensor so that it doesn't re ect the real situation. The systems in a car can be used as an example of this. Cars can have numerous sensors that measure a variety of things, including the car's distance from an object, if the tires are locking up, or if the gas is low. The use of these sensors makes cars safer and more convenient to use. Using IEMI, an attacker could compromise some of these systems by changing the reported value so that an object appears further away than it actually is or that the tires aren't locking up when they are, possibly causing the car to crash. By doing this, a malicious individual could compromise the safety or security of a car. This work attempts to understand what would be required for a malicious individual to conduct such an attack, thereby allowing for the identification of systems that are vulnerable to such attacks. This understanding would also provide the basis for designing defenses against these attacks, thereby increasing the safety of society at large.

No description available.

The increased amount of traffic combined with higher traffic loads leads to many existing bridges needing strengthening in the future to ensure their expected lifespan. This means the bridge owners will be focusing more on strengthening projects and smart solutions will be crucial for preserving a healthy bridge stock. When strengthening existing non-composite bridges (with steel girder and concrete deck) one potential method is to achieve composite action by installing shear connectors. The post-installed shear connectors prevent slip between the steel girders and the concrete. The composite action will reduce bending stresses and deflection of the bridge, due to the increase in moment of inertia and relocation of the neutral axis. Different types of shear connectors can be used for achieving composite action and each type of connector has its own installation method. The biggest distinction between the methods is how the connectors gain access to the steel girder for installation and what technique is used when installing them. This thesis presents the theory behind composite action, the current methods used for achieving composite action on existing bridges and to what extent a bridge can be strengthened by composite action. The thesis also provides a status of the existing road bridge stock around the world. The four case studies examined in this thesis have used different post-installed shear connectors to manage different strengthening problems like weight restriction, fatigue life of shear connectors and a unique problem on the Pitsund Bridge where loud bangs appeared from the bridge when truck passed in the morning. For the case study on the Pitsund Bridge an interview was conducted that explains the entire procedure of the project, from the noise problem to how the installation of coiled spring pins was performed. The bridge over Lule River at Akkatsfallen consists of two steel girders and a concrete deck. This bridge is chosen as a real case study to determine to what extent a bridge can increase its capacity by achieving composite action. The calculations are performed in accordance with the Eurocodes on both non- and full-composite action and the result is compared to the other case studies.

Este trabalho avaliou a resistência de união de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados à dentina com o uso de um cimento resinoso convencional e um auto-adesivo. Trinta dentes bovinos unirradiculares tiveram as raízes 17mm a partir dos ápices. As raizes foram tratadas endodonticamente e divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10): G1- cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC + ScotchBond Multi Uso Plus (SBMP) fotoativado + pino de fibra de vidro; G2 RelyX ARC + SBMP quimicamente ativado + pino de fibra de vidro; G3 cimento resinoso auto-adesivo RelyX U100 + pino de fibra de vidro. Após a cimentação dos pinos, os espécimes foram armazenados por 24 horas em água destilada, à 37oC. As raízes foram cortadas sob irrigação constante para obter de 6 a 9 fatias de 1mm de espessura. O teste de resistência à extrusão foi realizado para medir a resistência adesiva nas fatias da região cervical, média e apical, a uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Todos os espécimes foram observados em microscópio ótico de luz para avaliar os tipos de falhas. Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância a dois critérios (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (p0,05). As médias gerais dos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, (MPa) foram de 4,87 (±3,65); 5,89(±3,72); e 8,50(±4,52). Os valores de resistência adesiva regional nos terços cervical, médio e radicular, respectivamente, foram: G1- 5,26(±3,44); 5,11(±3,33); 5,01(±3,17); G2- 7,45(±3,82); 5,88(±2,50); 4,91(±2,74); G3- 10,11(±3,11); 9,12(±3,70); 4,99(±3,28). Os maiores valores de resistência adesiva foram encontrados com o cimento auto-adesivo. Ao avaliar os terços separadamente, os grupos 2 e 3 obtiveram comportamento semelhante nos terços cervical e médio. No terço apical, todos os grupos tiveram o mesmo comportamento. A resistência de união foi influenciada pelo tipo de cimento utilizado e região radicular, mas não foi alterada pela variação do modo de polimerização do sistema adesivo. / This work evaluated the bond strength of glass fiber posts to dentin using a conventional and a self-adhesive resin cement. Thirty bovine incisors had their roots sectioned 17mm from their apices, endodontically treated and assigned into 3 groups (n=10): group 1, conventional resin cement RelyX ARC + ScotchBond Multi Purpose Plus (SBMP) light activated + glass fiber post; Group 2, RelyX ARC+ SBMP chemically activated + glass fiber post; Group 3, self-adhesive resin cement RelyX U100 + glass fiber post. After luting, specimens were stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37oC. Roots were sliced under water irrigation to obtain 1mm thick slices. Push-out test was performed on each slice with a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0,5mm/min. All fractured specimens were observed using a light microscope to identify modes of failure. Values were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukeys test (p0,05). Mean values (MPa) and standard deviation for groups 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively: 4.87 (±3.65); 5.89(±3.72); e 8.50(±4.52). Regional bond strength values for the cervical, medium and apical were: G1- 5.26(±3.44); 5.11(±3.33); 5.01(±3.17); G2- 7.45(±3.82); 5.88(±2.50); 4.91(±2.74); G3- 10.11(±3.11); 9.12(±3.70); 4.99(±3.28). The highest bond strength values were obtained using the self-adhesive cement. Regional bond strengths were similar in the cervical and medium region in groups 2 and 3. All cements had the same performance on the apical region. Bond strength was influenced by the type of cement used and radicular region, but was not altered by the activation mode of the bonding system.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WolliverDias.pdf: 3685063 bytes, checksum: 2953027d085ff6193c938c6c73f7b42d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-26 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The banks erosion in river is in the most dynamic processes of the landscape and can be influenced by several factors. The bank erosion is a result of the interaction between the ravines conditions and the fluvial characteristics. Therefore, erosion rates are determined by the ravines resistance against the potential erosive flow. The adjacent land use is also a determining factor in erosion processes, once the protection exerted by riparian vegetation ceases to exist when it is replaced for other ends. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of banks erosion along the Guabiroba River located in Guarapuava - PR. However, it was considered the physical parameters of the evaluated sections: material texture, ravines face resistance, slope, and the fluvial stream characteristics. The estimated margins erosion was performed by monitoring erosion pins (volumetric technique). Thus, it was possible to quantify rates of river banks erosion at Guabiroba River, as well as identify and classify the occurring erosion processes. The material loss value along the river banks at Guabiroba River was approximately 1684.7 tons, registered between October 2010 and January 2012, mainly represented by the interaction of corrosion processes and undermining. / A erosão das margens de rios encontra-se entre os processos mais dinâmicos da paisagem, podendo ser influenciado por diversos fatores. A erosão das margens é resultado da interação entre as condições dos barrancos e das características fluviais. Assim, as taxas de erosão são determinadas pela resistência do barranco frente ao potencial erosivo do fluxo. O uso da terra nas adjacências também é determinante nos processos erosivos, tendo em vista a proteção exercida pela vegetação ripária que deixa de existir quando as matas ciliares são substituídas por outros usos. O presente trabalho buscou analisar a dinâmica da erosão de margens plenas ao longo do rio Guabiroba, localizado no município de Guarapuava - PR. Para tanto, levou-se em consideração os parâmetros físicos das seções avaliadas: textura do material, resistência da face do barranco, declividade e características do canal fluvial. A estimativa da erosão das margens foi realizada através do monitoramento dos pinos de erosão (técnica volumétrica). Desta forma, foi possível quantificar as taxas de erosão das margens do rio Guabiroba, bem como identificar e classificar os processos erosivos ocorrentes. O valor de perda de material ao longo das margens do rio Guabiroba foi de aproximadamente 1684,7 toneladas, registrados entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012, representados principalmente pela interação dos processos de corrasão e solapamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Camilotti.pdf: 2665595 bytes, checksum: 785710d19df5786aef751b2d0407abea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / The use of fiber posts in endodontic teeth restorations has been very frequent. These posts have conical shape and it is usually formed by glass fibers packaged in epoxy resin. Microscopy studies were conducted to investigate the structure of four models of fiberglass posts manufactured by FGM (DC 0.5, DC1, DC2 and DC3 models), and it was possible to verify inhomogeneities. The models of posts used in this study are translucent and, in clinical use, it is cemented into the tooth with light curing activated resin. During the clinical procedure of cementing a post in the tooth, light from a curing light impinge at the base of the post transmitting light to its interior. Part of this light is spread out by the side surface of the post. This study proposes a new methodology in order to investigate the spreading of light by endodontic posts in the orthogonal direction to its axis. This methodology fills out an dentist demand, e by means of it, it is possible to obtain light intensity profiles spread out along the length of a post. Comparing to previously published methods, this one uses the phase sensitive detection and the possibility to control the optical aperture in the experiment. The resulting profiles show a like exponential decay of light along the post, which allow us to obtain an linear attenuation coefficient for the different posts models studied. From the experimental results it is shown a way to calculate the light density of volumetric energy inside the post. The advantages of this new method are: (a) the results lead to much better characterization of the samples with more measured points and (b) the small optical aperture that provides better resolution. / O uso de pinos endodônticos em restaurações de dentes tem sido muito frequente. Estes pinos são formados, em geral, por fibras de vidro envolvidas e compactadas em epóxi, possuindo um formato cônico. Estudos de microscopia foram realizados para investigar a estrutura de quatro modelos de pinos de fibra de vidro do fabricante FGM (modelos DC 0.5, DC1, DC2 e DC3), e constatou-se falta de homogeneidade. Os modelos de pinos usados neste trabalho são transparentes e, no uso clínico, são cimentados no interior do dente com uma resina que tem a cura ativada por luz. No procedimento de cimentação de um pino no dente, a luz de um aparelho fotopolimerizador incide na base do pino transmitindo luz para seu interior. Parte desta luz é espalhada pela superfície lateral do pino. Este trabalho propõem um novo método para investigar o espalhamento da luz por pino endodônticos, na direção ortogonal ao seu eixo. Esta investigação atende uma demanda da odontologia, e como resultado do novo método, obtemos perfis de intensidade de luz espalhada ao longo do comprimento de um pino. O diferencial deste novo método, em relação aos métodos já publicados, é o emprego da detecção sensível à fase e a possibilidade de controlar a abertura ótica no experimento. Os perfis de espalhamento apontam para uma queda do tipo exponencial da luz ao longo do pino e isso possibilitou obter coeficientes de atenuação lineares para os diferentes modelos de pinos estudados. Com os resultados experimentais, é indicada uma forma de calcular a densidade volumétrica média de energia luminosa no interior do pino. As vantagens deste novo método são: (a) os resultados apresentam melhor caracterização das amostras por apresentar mais pontos de medida e (b) pela abertura ótica ser pequena ocorre a garantia de uma melhor resolução de medida.

Orientador: Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho / Banca: Renato Miotto Palo / Banca: Márcia Carneiro Valera / Resumo: Atualmente, os pinos de fibra de vidro têm surgido como uma alternativa para restaurar dentes tratados endodonticamente. Entretanto, a perda da retenção do pino é uma das principais causas de falhas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união e o tipo de falha adesiva, em diferentes regiões da raiz, de pinos de fibra de vidro transparente cimentados no canal radicular com cimento de cura dual, variando-se a solução irrigadora utilizada durante o preparo dos canais, através do teste de push-out. Para o estudo, foram utilizados 30 dentes humanos, todos igualmente preparados. No momento da cimentação dos pinos, as soluções irrigadoras foram: solução de soro fisiológico, hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% e solução de clorexidina 2%; e o cimento resinoso utilizado foi de cura dual. Após a cimentação, os espécimes foram seccionados, obtendo-se 2 fatias de aproximadamente 2 mm cada, suas faces cervicais foram marcadas, e então, submetidas ao teste de push-out. Foram realizados os testes ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5 %, para a análise do ensaio mecânico e realizada análise qualitativa do tipo de falha ocorrida. Pôde-se observar que o grupo irrigado com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% apresentou menor valor da média de resistência adesiva (3,870 ± 3,799 MPa), comparado com o grupo da clorexidina 2% (4,215 ± 2,098 MPa) e com o grupo do soro (4,510 ± 1,186 MPa). Já em relação aos terços, a região média foi a que apresentou maior valor da média de resistência adesiva (4,803 ± 3,14 MPa) quando comparado com a região cervical (3,593 ± 1,717 MPa), porém não houve diferença estatística significante, nem entre as regiões e nem entre as soluções irrigadoras. A maioria das falhas ocorridas foram do tipo adesiva 70%, enquanto que 23,33% foram fraturas coesivas, e 6,66% foram do tipo mistas. Assim, é possível concluir que os ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Currently, the fiberglass posts have emerged as an alternative to restore endodontically treated teeth. However, the loss of retention of the pin is a major cause of failure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the bond strength of transparent fiberglass posts, using a dual cure cement, varying the irrigating solution used during the preparation of the root canals through the push-out test and then a qualitative analysis of types of adhesion failures was made by reading into a stereomicroscope. For the study, 30 human teeth were used, all equally prepared. At the time of cementation of the posts, the irrigating solutions were: normal saline solution, sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, and 2% chlorhexidine solution, and the resin cement used was dual-curing. After cementation, specimens were sectioned, yielding two slices of about 2 mm each, their cervical faces were marked, and then subjected to push-out test, the data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The tests performed were ANOVA and Tukey, with a significance level of 5% for the analysis of mechanical test, and the type of failure occurred was qualitatively evaluated. It could be observed that the group irrigated with sodium hypochlorite 2.5% showed the lowest mean bond strength (3.870 ± 3.799 MPa), compared with 2% chlorhexidine group (4.215 ± 2.098 MPa) and the normal saline solution group (4.510 ± 1.186 MPa). In relation to the thirds, the middle region showed the highest value of bond strength average (4.803 ± 3.14 MPa) compared with the cervical (3.593 ± 1.717 MPa), but differences were not statistically significant, nor between regions nor between irrigating solutions. Most failures were adhesive type 70%, while 23.33% were cohesive fractures, and 6.66% were mixed type. Thus, we conclude that the irrigation protocols evaluated in this study did not exert effects on the bond ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre